Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter
How the abundant pelagic life of the Southern Ocean survives winter darkness, when the sea is covered by pack ice and phytoplankton production is nearly zero, is poorly understood. Ice‐associated (“sympagic”) microalgae could serve as a high‐quality carbon source during winter, but their significanc...
Published in: | Global Change Biology |
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2018
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Online Access: | https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6413272 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.14392#support-information-section |
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ftleibnizopen:oai:oai.leibnizopen.de:PCaKVYsBBwLIz6xGhF3q 2023-11-12T04:08:37+01:00 Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter Kohlbach, Doreen Graeve, Martin Lange, Benjamin Allen David, Carmen Schaafsma, Fokje L. van Franeker, Jan Andries Vortkamp, Martina Brandt, Angelika Flores, Hauke 2018 https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6413272 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.14392#support-information-section eng eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global change biology, 24(10):4667-4681 life-cycle strategy Compound‐specific Stable Isotope Analysis unsaturated fatty-acids calanoides-acutus marker fatty acids Antarctic food web stable-isotope analyses climate change under‐ice community krill euphausia-superba sea ice algae southern-ocean ecosystems carbon sources nw weddell sea copepods calanus-propinquus 2018 ftleibnizopen https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 2023-10-22T23:10:04Z How the abundant pelagic life of the Southern Ocean survives winter darkness, when the sea is covered by pack ice and phytoplankton production is nearly zero, is poorly understood. Ice‐associated (“sympagic”) microalgae could serve as a high‐quality carbon source during winter, but their significance in the food web is so far unquantified. To better understand the importance of ice algae‐produced carbon for the overwintering of Antarctic organisms, we investigated fatty acid (FA) and stable isotope compositions of 10 zooplankton species, and their potential sympagic and pelagic carbon sources. FA‐specific carbon stable isotope compositions were used in stable isotope mixing models to quantify the contribution of ice algae‐produced carbon (αIce) to the body carbon of each species. Mean αIce estimates ranged from 4% to 67%, with large variations between species and depending on the FA used for the modelling. Integrating the αIce estimates from all models, the sympagic amphipod Eusirus laticarpus was the most dependent on ice algal carbon (αIce: 54%–67%), and the salp Salpa thompsoni showed the least dependency on ice algal carbon (αIce: 8%–40%). Differences in αIce estimates between FAs associated with short‐term vs. long‐term lipid pools suggested an increasing importance of ice algal carbon for many species as the winter season progressed. In the abundant winter‐active copepod Calanus propinquus, mean αIce reached more than 50% in late winter. The trophic carbon flux from ice algae into this copepod was between 3 and 5 mg C m−2 day−1. This indicates that copepods and other ice‐dependent zooplankton species transfer significant amounts of carbon from ice algae into the pelagic system, where it fuels the food web, the biological carbon pump and elemental cycling. Understanding the role of ice algae‐produced carbon in these processes will be the key to predictions of the impact of future sea ice decline on Antarctic ecosystem functioning. Other/Unknown Material Antarc* Antarctic Euphausia superba ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Copepods Unknown Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea Global Change Biology 24 10 4667 4681 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
ftleibnizopen |
language |
English |
topic |
life-cycle strategy Compound‐specific Stable Isotope Analysis unsaturated fatty-acids calanoides-acutus marker fatty acids Antarctic food web stable-isotope analyses climate change under‐ice community krill euphausia-superba sea ice algae southern-ocean ecosystems carbon sources nw weddell sea copepods calanus-propinquus |
spellingShingle |
life-cycle strategy Compound‐specific Stable Isotope Analysis unsaturated fatty-acids calanoides-acutus marker fatty acids Antarctic food web stable-isotope analyses climate change under‐ice community krill euphausia-superba sea ice algae southern-ocean ecosystems carbon sources nw weddell sea copepods calanus-propinquus Kohlbach, Doreen Graeve, Martin Lange, Benjamin Allen David, Carmen Schaafsma, Fokje L. van Franeker, Jan Andries Vortkamp, Martina Brandt, Angelika Flores, Hauke Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
topic_facet |
life-cycle strategy Compound‐specific Stable Isotope Analysis unsaturated fatty-acids calanoides-acutus marker fatty acids Antarctic food web stable-isotope analyses climate change under‐ice community krill euphausia-superba sea ice algae southern-ocean ecosystems carbon sources nw weddell sea copepods calanus-propinquus |
description |
How the abundant pelagic life of the Southern Ocean survives winter darkness, when the sea is covered by pack ice and phytoplankton production is nearly zero, is poorly understood. Ice‐associated (“sympagic”) microalgae could serve as a high‐quality carbon source during winter, but their significance in the food web is so far unquantified. To better understand the importance of ice algae‐produced carbon for the overwintering of Antarctic organisms, we investigated fatty acid (FA) and stable isotope compositions of 10 zooplankton species, and their potential sympagic and pelagic carbon sources. FA‐specific carbon stable isotope compositions were used in stable isotope mixing models to quantify the contribution of ice algae‐produced carbon (αIce) to the body carbon of each species. Mean αIce estimates ranged from 4% to 67%, with large variations between species and depending on the FA used for the modelling. Integrating the αIce estimates from all models, the sympagic amphipod Eusirus laticarpus was the most dependent on ice algal carbon (αIce: 54%–67%), and the salp Salpa thompsoni showed the least dependency on ice algal carbon (αIce: 8%–40%). Differences in αIce estimates between FAs associated with short‐term vs. long‐term lipid pools suggested an increasing importance of ice algal carbon for many species as the winter season progressed. In the abundant winter‐active copepod Calanus propinquus, mean αIce reached more than 50% in late winter. The trophic carbon flux from ice algae into this copepod was between 3 and 5 mg C m−2 day−1. This indicates that copepods and other ice‐dependent zooplankton species transfer significant amounts of carbon from ice algae into the pelagic system, where it fuels the food web, the biological carbon pump and elemental cycling. Understanding the role of ice algae‐produced carbon in these processes will be the key to predictions of the impact of future sea ice decline on Antarctic ecosystem functioning. |
author |
Kohlbach, Doreen Graeve, Martin Lange, Benjamin Allen David, Carmen Schaafsma, Fokje L. van Franeker, Jan Andries Vortkamp, Martina Brandt, Angelika Flores, Hauke |
author_facet |
Kohlbach, Doreen Graeve, Martin Lange, Benjamin Allen David, Carmen Schaafsma, Fokje L. van Franeker, Jan Andries Vortkamp, Martina Brandt, Angelika Flores, Hauke |
author_sort |
Kohlbach, Doreen |
title |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_short |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_full |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_fullStr |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_sort |
dependency of antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6413272 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.14392#support-information-section |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Euphausia superba ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Copepods |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Euphausia superba ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Copepods |
op_source |
Global change biology, 24(10):4667-4681 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
container_volume |
24 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
4667 |
op_container_end_page |
4681 |
_version_ |
1782328863041257472 |