Radiolarians decreased silicification as an evolutionary response to reduced Cenozoic ocean silica availability
It has been hypothesized that increased water column stratification has been an abiotic “universal driver” affecting average cell size in Cenozoic marine plankton. Gradually decreasing Cenozoic radiolarian shell weight, by contrast, suggests that competition for dissolved silica, a shared nutrient,...
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ftleibnizopen:oai:oai.leibnizopen.de:IHXbXIkBdbrxVwz6wIV3 2023-07-30T04:07:03+02:00 Radiolarians decreased silicification as an evolutionary response to reduced Cenozoic ocean silica availability Kotrc, Benjamin Wulf, Gerwin Schmidt, Daniela N. Lazarus, David 2009 https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6406109 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695065/ https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812979106 http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0812979106/DCSupplemental eng eng Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(23): 9333–9338 Ocean Drilling Program micropaleontology microfossils evolution morphometrics 2009 ftleibnizopen https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812979106 2023-07-16T23:32:32Z It has been hypothesized that increased water column stratification has been an abiotic “universal driver” affecting average cell size in Cenozoic marine plankton. Gradually decreasing Cenozoic radiolarian shell weight, by contrast, suggests that competition for dissolved silica, a shared nutrient, resulted in biologic coevolution between radiolaria and marine diatoms, which expanded dramatically in the Cenozoic. We present data on the 2 components of shell weight change—size and silicification—of Cenozoic radiolarians. In low latitudes, increasing Cenozoic export of silica to deep waters by diatoms and decreasing nutrient upwelling from increased water column stratification have created modern silica-poor surface waters. Here, radiolarian silicification decreases significantly (r = 0.91, P < 0.001), from ≈0.18 (shell volume fraction) in the basal Cenozoic to modern values of ≈0.06. A third of the total change occurred rapidly at 35 Ma, in correlation to major increases in water column stratification and abundance of diatoms. In high southern latitudes, Southern Ocean circulation, present since the late Eocene, maintains significant surface water silica availability. Here, radiolarian silicification decreased insignificantly (r = 0.58, P = 0.1), from ≈0.13 at 35 Ma to 0.11 today. Trends in shell size in both time series are statistically insignificant and are not correlated with each other. We conclude that there is no universal driver changing cell size in Cenozoic marine plankton. Furthermore, biologic and physical factors have, in concert, by reducing silica availability in surface waters, forced macroevolutionary changes in Cenozoic low-latitude radiolarians. Other/Unknown Material Southern Ocean LeibnizOpen (The Leibniz Association) Southern Ocean Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 23 9333 9338 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
LeibnizOpen (The Leibniz Association) |
op_collection_id |
ftleibnizopen |
language |
English |
topic |
Ocean Drilling Program micropaleontology microfossils evolution morphometrics |
spellingShingle |
Ocean Drilling Program micropaleontology microfossils evolution morphometrics Kotrc, Benjamin Wulf, Gerwin Schmidt, Daniela N. Lazarus, David Radiolarians decreased silicification as an evolutionary response to reduced Cenozoic ocean silica availability |
topic_facet |
Ocean Drilling Program micropaleontology microfossils evolution morphometrics |
description |
It has been hypothesized that increased water column stratification has been an abiotic “universal driver” affecting average cell size in Cenozoic marine plankton. Gradually decreasing Cenozoic radiolarian shell weight, by contrast, suggests that competition for dissolved silica, a shared nutrient, resulted in biologic coevolution between radiolaria and marine diatoms, which expanded dramatically in the Cenozoic. We present data on the 2 components of shell weight change—size and silicification—of Cenozoic radiolarians. In low latitudes, increasing Cenozoic export of silica to deep waters by diatoms and decreasing nutrient upwelling from increased water column stratification have created modern silica-poor surface waters. Here, radiolarian silicification decreases significantly (r = 0.91, P < 0.001), from ≈0.18 (shell volume fraction) in the basal Cenozoic to modern values of ≈0.06. A third of the total change occurred rapidly at 35 Ma, in correlation to major increases in water column stratification and abundance of diatoms. In high southern latitudes, Southern Ocean circulation, present since the late Eocene, maintains significant surface water silica availability. Here, radiolarian silicification decreased insignificantly (r = 0.58, P = 0.1), from ≈0.13 at 35 Ma to 0.11 today. Trends in shell size in both time series are statistically insignificant and are not correlated with each other. We conclude that there is no universal driver changing cell size in Cenozoic marine plankton. Furthermore, biologic and physical factors have, in concert, by reducing silica availability in surface waters, forced macroevolutionary changes in Cenozoic low-latitude radiolarians. |
author |
Kotrc, Benjamin Wulf, Gerwin Schmidt, Daniela N. Lazarus, David |
author_facet |
Kotrc, Benjamin Wulf, Gerwin Schmidt, Daniela N. Lazarus, David |
author_sort |
Kotrc, Benjamin |
title |
Radiolarians decreased silicification as an evolutionary response to reduced Cenozoic ocean silica availability |
title_short |
Radiolarians decreased silicification as an evolutionary response to reduced Cenozoic ocean silica availability |
title_full |
Radiolarians decreased silicification as an evolutionary response to reduced Cenozoic ocean silica availability |
title_fullStr |
Radiolarians decreased silicification as an evolutionary response to reduced Cenozoic ocean silica availability |
title_full_unstemmed |
Radiolarians decreased silicification as an evolutionary response to reduced Cenozoic ocean silica availability |
title_sort |
radiolarians decreased silicification as an evolutionary response to reduced cenozoic ocean silica availability |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6406109 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695065/ https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812979106 http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0812979106/DCSupplemental |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(23): 9333–9338 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812979106 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
106 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
9333 |
op_container_end_page |
9338 |
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1772820135067779072 |