Chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli
As part of the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean Experiment (RICO) and the Puerto Rico Aerosol and Cloud Study (PRACS), cloud water was collected at East Peak (EP) in Puerto Rico. The main objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of water-soluble species (Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, NH4 +, C...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Dordrecht : Springer
2009
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.34657/4174 https://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/5545 |
id |
ftleibnizopen:oai:oai.leibnizopen.de:Et-Om4YBdbrxVwz632Mi |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftleibnizopen:oai:oai.leibnizopen.de:Et-Om4YBdbrxVwz632Mi 2023-05-15T17:35:23+02:00 Chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli Gioda, A. Mayol-Bracero, O.L. Morales-García, F. Collett, J. Decesari, S. Emblico, L. Facchini, M.C. Morales-De Jesús, R.J. Mertes, S. Borrmann, S. Walter, S. Schneider, J. 2009 application/pdf text/plain; charset=utf-8 https://doi.org/10.34657/4174 https://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/5545 eng eng Dordrecht : Springer CC BY-NC 2.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ CC-BY-NC Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 200 (2009), Nr. 1-4 Cloud chemistry Cloud condensation nuclei Inorganic ions PRACS RICO Sea salt Calcium Clouds Commerce Condensation Ocean engineering Oceanography Concentration (process) ammonia calcium ion chloride ion ion magnesium ion nitrate potassium ion proton rain sodium ion sulfate chemical composition cloud water concentration (composition) article cloud geographic distribution marine environment particle size pH measurement Puerto Rico water sampling wind Atlantic islands Atlantic Ocean Caribbean Islands Greater Antilles 550 article Text 2009 ftleibnizopen https://doi.org/10.34657/4174 2023-03-01T07:46:57Z As part of the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean Experiment (RICO) and the Puerto Rico Aerosol and Cloud Study (PRACS), cloud water was collected at East Peak (EP) in Puerto Rico. The main objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of water-soluble species (Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, NH4 +, Ca 2+, H+, Mg2+, K+, and Na +) in water samples taken from clouds influenced by tropical trade winds. The most abundant inorganic species were Na+ (average 465 μeq l-1) and Cl- (434 μeq l-1), followed by Mg2+ (105 μeq l-1), SO4 2- (61 μeq l-1), and NO3 - (25 μeq l -1). High concentrations of nss-SO4 2 (28 μeq l-1), NO3 - (86 μeq l-1), and H+ (14.5 μeq l-1) were measured with a shift in air masses origin from the North Atlantic to North American continent, which reflected a strong anthropogenic influence on cloud chemistry at EP. Long-range transport of particles and acid gases seems to be the factor responsible for fluctuations in concentrations and pH of cloud water at East Peak. When under trade wind influences the liquid phase concentrations of all inorganic substances were similar to those found in clouds in other clean maritime environments. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic LeibnizOpen (The Leibniz Association) East Peak ENVELOPE(166.367,166.367,-77.667,-77.667) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
LeibnizOpen (The Leibniz Association) |
op_collection_id |
ftleibnizopen |
language |
English |
topic |
Cloud chemistry Cloud condensation nuclei Inorganic ions PRACS RICO Sea salt Calcium Clouds Commerce Condensation Ocean engineering Oceanography Concentration (process) ammonia calcium ion chloride ion ion magnesium ion nitrate potassium ion proton rain sodium ion sulfate chemical composition cloud water concentration (composition) article cloud geographic distribution marine environment particle size pH measurement Puerto Rico water sampling wind Atlantic islands Atlantic Ocean Caribbean Islands Greater Antilles 550 |
spellingShingle |
Cloud chemistry Cloud condensation nuclei Inorganic ions PRACS RICO Sea salt Calcium Clouds Commerce Condensation Ocean engineering Oceanography Concentration (process) ammonia calcium ion chloride ion ion magnesium ion nitrate potassium ion proton rain sodium ion sulfate chemical composition cloud water concentration (composition) article cloud geographic distribution marine environment particle size pH measurement Puerto Rico water sampling wind Atlantic islands Atlantic Ocean Caribbean Islands Greater Antilles 550 Gioda, A. Mayol-Bracero, O.L. Morales-García, F. Collett, J. Decesari, S. Emblico, L. Facchini, M.C. Morales-De Jesús, R.J. Mertes, S. Borrmann, S. Walter, S. Schneider, J. Chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli |
topic_facet |
Cloud chemistry Cloud condensation nuclei Inorganic ions PRACS RICO Sea salt Calcium Clouds Commerce Condensation Ocean engineering Oceanography Concentration (process) ammonia calcium ion chloride ion ion magnesium ion nitrate potassium ion proton rain sodium ion sulfate chemical composition cloud water concentration (composition) article cloud geographic distribution marine environment particle size pH measurement Puerto Rico water sampling wind Atlantic islands Atlantic Ocean Caribbean Islands Greater Antilles 550 |
description |
As part of the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean Experiment (RICO) and the Puerto Rico Aerosol and Cloud Study (PRACS), cloud water was collected at East Peak (EP) in Puerto Rico. The main objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of water-soluble species (Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, NH4 +, Ca 2+, H+, Mg2+, K+, and Na +) in water samples taken from clouds influenced by tropical trade winds. The most abundant inorganic species were Na+ (average 465 μeq l-1) and Cl- (434 μeq l-1), followed by Mg2+ (105 μeq l-1), SO4 2- (61 μeq l-1), and NO3 - (25 μeq l -1). High concentrations of nss-SO4 2 (28 μeq l-1), NO3 - (86 μeq l-1), and H+ (14.5 μeq l-1) were measured with a shift in air masses origin from the North Atlantic to North American continent, which reflected a strong anthropogenic influence on cloud chemistry at EP. Long-range transport of particles and acid gases seems to be the factor responsible for fluctuations in concentrations and pH of cloud water at East Peak. When under trade wind influences the liquid phase concentrations of all inorganic substances were similar to those found in clouds in other clean maritime environments. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gioda, A. Mayol-Bracero, O.L. Morales-García, F. Collett, J. Decesari, S. Emblico, L. Facchini, M.C. Morales-De Jesús, R.J. Mertes, S. Borrmann, S. Walter, S. Schneider, J. |
author_facet |
Gioda, A. Mayol-Bracero, O.L. Morales-García, F. Collett, J. Decesari, S. Emblico, L. Facchini, M.C. Morales-De Jesús, R.J. Mertes, S. Borrmann, S. Walter, S. Schneider, J. |
author_sort |
Gioda, A. |
title |
Chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli |
title_short |
Chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli |
title_full |
Chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli |
title_fullStr |
Chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli |
title_sort |
chemical composition of cloud water in the puerto rican tropical trade wind cumuli |
publisher |
Dordrecht : Springer |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.34657/4174 https://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/5545 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(166.367,166.367,-77.667,-77.667) |
geographic |
East Peak |
geographic_facet |
East Peak |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 200 (2009), Nr. 1-4 |
op_rights |
CC BY-NC 2.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.34657/4174 |
_version_ |
1766134542180024320 |