Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar
We present an extensive data set of simultaneous temperature and wind measurements in the Arctic middle atmosphere. It consists of more than 300 h of Doppler Rayleigh lidar observations obtained during three January seasons (2012, 2014, and 2015) and covers the altitude range from 30 km up to about...
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ftleibnizopen:oai:oai.leibnizopen.de:0Rc_iIcBdbrxVwz6C5_a 2023-06-06T11:50:56+02:00 Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar Hildebrand, Jens Baumgarten, Gerd Fiedler, Jens Lübken, Franz-Josef 2017 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.34657/1400 https://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/537 eng eng München : European Geopyhsical Union CC BY 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 17, Issue 21, Page 13345-13359 550 article Text 2017 ftleibnizopen https://doi.org/10.34657/1400 2023-04-16T23:19:20Z We present an extensive data set of simultaneous temperature and wind measurements in the Arctic middle atmosphere. It consists of more than 300 h of Doppler Rayleigh lidar observations obtained during three January seasons (2012, 2014, and 2015) and covers the altitude range from 30 km up to about 85 km. The data set reveals large year-to-year variations in monthly mean temperatures and winds, which in 2012 are affected by a sudden stratospheric warming. The temporal evolution of winds and temperatures after that warming are studied over a period of 2 weeks, showing an elevated stratopause and the reformation of the polar vortex. The monthly mean temperatures and winds are compared to data extracted from the Integrated Forecast System of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM07). Lidar and ECMWF data show good agreement of mean zonal and meridional winds below ≈ 55 km altitude, but we also find mean temperature, zonal wind, and meridional wind differences of up to 20 K, 20 m s−1, and 5 m s−1, respectively. Differences between lidar observations and HWM07 data are up to 30 m s−1. From the fluctuations of temperatures and winds within single nights we extract the potential and kinetic gravity wave energy density (GWED) per unit mass. It shows that the kinetic GWED is typically 5 to 10 times larger than the potential GWED, the total GWED increases with altitude with a scale height of ≈ 16 km. Since temporal fluctuations of winds and temperatures are underestimated in ECMWF, the total GWED is underestimated as well by a factor of 3–10 above 50 km altitude. Similarly, we estimate the energy density per unit mass for large-scale waves (LWED) from the fluctuations of nightly mean temperatures and winds. The total LWED is roughly constant with altitude. The ratio of kinetic to potential LWED varies with altitude over 2 orders of magnitude. LWEDs from ECMWF data show results similar to the lidar data. From the comparison of GWED and LWED, it follows that ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic LeibnizOpen (The Leibniz Association) Arctic |
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English |
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550 Hildebrand, Jens Baumgarten, Gerd Fiedler, Jens Lübken, Franz-Josef Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar |
topic_facet |
550 |
description |
We present an extensive data set of simultaneous temperature and wind measurements in the Arctic middle atmosphere. It consists of more than 300 h of Doppler Rayleigh lidar observations obtained during three January seasons (2012, 2014, and 2015) and covers the altitude range from 30 km up to about 85 km. The data set reveals large year-to-year variations in monthly mean temperatures and winds, which in 2012 are affected by a sudden stratospheric warming. The temporal evolution of winds and temperatures after that warming are studied over a period of 2 weeks, showing an elevated stratopause and the reformation of the polar vortex. The monthly mean temperatures and winds are compared to data extracted from the Integrated Forecast System of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM07). Lidar and ECMWF data show good agreement of mean zonal and meridional winds below ≈ 55 km altitude, but we also find mean temperature, zonal wind, and meridional wind differences of up to 20 K, 20 m s−1, and 5 m s−1, respectively. Differences between lidar observations and HWM07 data are up to 30 m s−1. From the fluctuations of temperatures and winds within single nights we extract the potential and kinetic gravity wave energy density (GWED) per unit mass. It shows that the kinetic GWED is typically 5 to 10 times larger than the potential GWED, the total GWED increases with altitude with a scale height of ≈ 16 km. Since temporal fluctuations of winds and temperatures are underestimated in ECMWF, the total GWED is underestimated as well by a factor of 3–10 above 50 km altitude. Similarly, we estimate the energy density per unit mass for large-scale waves (LWED) from the fluctuations of nightly mean temperatures and winds. The total LWED is roughly constant with altitude. The ratio of kinetic to potential LWED varies with altitude over 2 orders of magnitude. LWEDs from ECMWF data show results similar to the lidar data. From the comparison of GWED and LWED, it follows that ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hildebrand, Jens Baumgarten, Gerd Fiedler, Jens Lübken, Franz-Josef |
author_facet |
Hildebrand, Jens Baumgarten, Gerd Fiedler, Jens Lübken, Franz-Josef |
author_sort |
Hildebrand, Jens |
title |
Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar |
title_short |
Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar |
title_full |
Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar |
title_fullStr |
Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar |
title_sort |
winds and temperatures of the arctic middle atmosphere during january measured by doppler lidar |
publisher |
München : European Geopyhsical Union |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.34657/1400 https://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/537 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 17, Issue 21, Page 13345-13359 |
op_rights |
CC BY 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.34657/1400 |
_version_ |
1767956678594002944 |