Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018
The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades, and it is expected to continue to be so. Although increases in glacier flow and surface melting have been driven by oceanic and atmospheric warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet’s mass i...
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Online Access: | https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158669/ https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158669/8/350460_3_merged_1574435551.pdf |
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ftleedsuniv:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:158669 2023-05-15T16:21:13+02:00 Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 Shepherd, A Ivins, E Rignot, E Smith, B van den Broeke, M Velicogna, I Whitehouse, P Briggs, K Joughin, I Krinner, G Nowicki, S Payne, T Scambos, T Schlegel, N A, G Agosta, C Ahlstrøm, A Babonis, G Barletta, VR Bjørk, AA Blazquez, A Bonin, J Colgan, W Csatho, B Cullather, R Engdahl, ME Felikson, D Fettweis, X Forsberg, R Hogg, AE Gallee, H Gardner, A Gilbert, L Gourmelen, N Groh, A Gunter, B Hanna, E Harig, C Helm, V Horvath, A Horwath, M Khan, S Kjeldsen, KK Konrad, H Langen, PL Lecavalier, B Loomis, B Luthcke, S McMillan, M Melini, D 2020-03-12 text https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158669/ https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158669/8/350460_3_merged_1574435551.pdf en eng Nature Research https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158669/8/350460_3_merged_1574435551.pdf Shepherd, A orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-1299 , Ivins, E, Rignot, E et al. (86 more authors) (2020) Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018. Nature, 579 (7798). pp. 233-239. ISSN 0028-0836 Article NonPeerReviewed 2020 ftleedsuniv 2023-01-30T22:28:07Z The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades, and it is expected to continue to be so. Although increases in glacier flow and surface melting have been driven by oceanic and atmospheric warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet’s mass imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet’s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 ± 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 ± 342 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 ± 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 ± 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,938 ± 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 ± 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 ± 25 billion tonnes per year since then. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 ± 30 billion tonnes per year between 2013 and 2017, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ. Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario, which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Greenland Ice Sheet Jakobshavn Jakobshavn isbræ White Rose Research Online (Universities of Leeds, Sheffield & York) Greenland Jakobshavn Isbræ ENVELOPE(-49.917,-49.917,69.167,69.167) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
White Rose Research Online (Universities of Leeds, Sheffield & York) |
op_collection_id |
ftleedsuniv |
language |
English |
description |
The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades, and it is expected to continue to be so. Although increases in glacier flow and surface melting have been driven by oceanic and atmospheric warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet’s mass imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet’s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 ± 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 ± 342 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 ± 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 ± 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,938 ± 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 ± 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 ± 25 billion tonnes per year since then. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 ± 30 billion tonnes per year between 2013 and 2017, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ. Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario, which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shepherd, A Ivins, E Rignot, E Smith, B van den Broeke, M Velicogna, I Whitehouse, P Briggs, K Joughin, I Krinner, G Nowicki, S Payne, T Scambos, T Schlegel, N A, G Agosta, C Ahlstrøm, A Babonis, G Barletta, VR Bjørk, AA Blazquez, A Bonin, J Colgan, W Csatho, B Cullather, R Engdahl, ME Felikson, D Fettweis, X Forsberg, R Hogg, AE Gallee, H Gardner, A Gilbert, L Gourmelen, N Groh, A Gunter, B Hanna, E Harig, C Helm, V Horvath, A Horwath, M Khan, S Kjeldsen, KK Konrad, H Langen, PL Lecavalier, B Loomis, B Luthcke, S McMillan, M Melini, D |
spellingShingle |
Shepherd, A Ivins, E Rignot, E Smith, B van den Broeke, M Velicogna, I Whitehouse, P Briggs, K Joughin, I Krinner, G Nowicki, S Payne, T Scambos, T Schlegel, N A, G Agosta, C Ahlstrøm, A Babonis, G Barletta, VR Bjørk, AA Blazquez, A Bonin, J Colgan, W Csatho, B Cullather, R Engdahl, ME Felikson, D Fettweis, X Forsberg, R Hogg, AE Gallee, H Gardner, A Gilbert, L Gourmelen, N Groh, A Gunter, B Hanna, E Harig, C Helm, V Horvath, A Horwath, M Khan, S Kjeldsen, KK Konrad, H Langen, PL Lecavalier, B Loomis, B Luthcke, S McMillan, M Melini, D Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
author_facet |
Shepherd, A Ivins, E Rignot, E Smith, B van den Broeke, M Velicogna, I Whitehouse, P Briggs, K Joughin, I Krinner, G Nowicki, S Payne, T Scambos, T Schlegel, N A, G Agosta, C Ahlstrøm, A Babonis, G Barletta, VR Bjørk, AA Blazquez, A Bonin, J Colgan, W Csatho, B Cullather, R Engdahl, ME Felikson, D Fettweis, X Forsberg, R Hogg, AE Gallee, H Gardner, A Gilbert, L Gourmelen, N Groh, A Gunter, B Hanna, E Harig, C Helm, V Horvath, A Horwath, M Khan, S Kjeldsen, KK Konrad, H Langen, PL Lecavalier, B Loomis, B Luthcke, S McMillan, M Melini, D |
author_sort |
Shepherd, A |
title |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_short |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_full |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_fullStr |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_sort |
mass balance of the greenland ice sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
publisher |
Nature Research |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158669/ https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158669/8/350460_3_merged_1574435551.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-49.917,-49.917,69.167,69.167) |
geographic |
Greenland Jakobshavn Isbræ |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Jakobshavn Isbræ |
genre |
glacier Greenland Ice Sheet Jakobshavn Jakobshavn isbræ |
genre_facet |
glacier Greenland Ice Sheet Jakobshavn Jakobshavn isbræ |
op_relation |
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158669/8/350460_3_merged_1574435551.pdf Shepherd, A orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-1299 , Ivins, E, Rignot, E et al. (86 more authors) (2020) Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018. Nature, 579 (7798). pp. 233-239. ISSN 0028-0836 |
_version_ |
1766009220880138240 |