Lifestyle and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D among community-dwelling old adults with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognitive function.

• Published in: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
• Main Authors: Eymundsdottir, Hrafnhildur, Chang, M, Geirsdottir, O G, Gudmundsson, L S, Jonsson, P V, Gudnason, V, Launer, L, Jonsdottir, M K, Ramel, A
• Other Authors: 1Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. [e-mail]. 2The Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Tungata 26, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland. [e-mail]. 3The Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Tungata 26, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland. 4Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure Studies, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 5Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 6Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 7Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 8Department of Geriatrics, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 9Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland. 10Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. 11Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavík, Iceland. 12Mental Health Services (Memory Clinic) Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer 2020
• Subjects: Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Healthy aging; Physical activity; Vitamin D; D vítamín; Öldrun; Elliglöp; Aging; Iceland
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2336/621376; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01531-1

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink below ackground: Several studies have indicated that older adults with cognitive impairment have a poorer lifestyle than their healthy peers including lower 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels (25OHD). Aim: To investigate the associations between lifestyle and 25OHD depending on cognitive status among old adults. Methods: Community-dwelling old adults (65-96 years) participated in this cross-sectional study based on the Age-Gene/Environment-Susceptibility-Reykjavik-Study. The analytical sample included 5162 subjects who were stratified by cognitive status, i.e., dementia (n = 307), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 492), and normal cognitive status (NCS, n = 4363). Lifestyle variables were assessed and 25OHD was measured. The associations between lifestyle and 25OHD were calculated using linear models correcting for potential confounders. Results: According to linear regression models, 25OHD was significantly lower in older people with dementia (53.8 ± 19.6 nmol/L) than in NCS participants (57.6 ± 17.7 nmol/L). Cod liver oil (7.1-9.2 nmol/L, P < 0.001) and dietary supplements (4.4-11.5 nmol/L, P < 0.001) were associated with higher 25OHD in all three groups. However, physical activity ≥ 3 h/week (2.82 nmol/L, P < 0.001), BMI < 30 kg/m2 (5.2 nmol/L, P < 0.001), non-smoking (4.8 nmol/L, P < 0.001), alcohol consumption (2.7 nmol/L, P < 0.001), and fatty fish consumption ≥ 3x/week (2.6 nmol/L, P < 0.001) were related to higher 25OHD in NCS only, but not in participants with dementia or MCI. Discussion: Older people living in Iceland with dementia are at higher risk for 25OHD deficiency when compared to healthy individuals. Physical activity reported among participants with dementia, and MCI is low and is not significantly associated with 25OHD. Conclusions: Lifestyle factors among NCS participants are associated with 25OHD levels. Importantly, healthy lifestyle should be promoted among individuals with MCI and ...