Impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on hospital admissions in children under three years of age in Iceland.

• Published in: Vaccine
• Main Authors: Sigurdsson, Samuel, Eythorsson, Elias, Erlendsdóttir, Helga, Hrafnkelsson, Birgir, Kristinsson, Karl G, Haraldsson, Ásgeir
• Other Authors: 1University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Iceland. 2University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Iceland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspítali University Hospital, Iceland. 3Department of Mathematics, University of Iceland, Iceland. 4University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Iceland; Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspítali University Hospital, Iceland. Electronic address: [e-mail].
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2020
• Subjects: Cohort study; IPD; PCV-10; Pneumococcus; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Bakteríusjúkdómar; Bólusetningar; Börn; Sjúkrahús; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vaccination; Child; Preschool; Infant; Newborn; Hospitalization; Hospitalized; Iceland
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2336/621367; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.094

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Download Introduction: Pneumococcus is an important respiratory pathogen. The 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PHiD-CV) was introduced into the Icelandic vaccination programme in 2011. The aim was to estimate the impact of PHiD-CV on paediatric hospitalisations for respiratory tract infections and invasive disease. Methods: The 2005-2015 birth-cohorts were followed until three years of age and hospitalisations were recorded for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia and otitis media. Hospitalisations for upper- and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI, LRTI) were used as comparators. The 2005-2010 birth-cohorts were defined as vaccine non-eligible cohorts (VNEC) and 2011-2015 birth-cohorts as vaccine eligible cohorts (VEC). Incidence rates (IR) were estimated for diagnoses, birth-cohorts and age groups, and incidence rate ratios (IRR) between VNEC and VEC were calculated assuming Poisson variance. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of hospitalisation between VNEC and VEC. Results: 51,264 children were followed for 142,315 person-years, accumulating 1,703 hospitalisations for the respective study diagnoses. Hospitalisations for pneumonia decreased by 20% (HR 0.80, 95%CI:0.67-0.95) despite a 32% increase in admissions for LRTI (HR 1.32, 95%CI:1.14-1.53). Hospital admissions for culture-confirmed IPD decreased by 93% (HR 0.07, 95%CI:0.01-0.50) and no hospitalisations for IPD with vaccine-type pneumococci were observed in the VEC. Hospitalisations for meningitis and sepsis did not change. A decrease in hospital admissions for otitis media was observed, but did not coincide with PHiD-CV introduction. Conclusion: Following the introduction of PHiD-CV in Iceland, hospitalisations for pneumonia and culture confirmed IPD decreased. Admissions for other LRTIs and URTIs increased during this period. ...