Infant Feeding, Vitamin D and IgE Sensitization to Food Allergens at 6 Years in a Longitudinal Icelandic Cohort.

• Published in: Nutrients
• Main Authors: Thorisdottir, Birna, Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg, Vidarsdottir, Anna Gudrun, Sigurdardottir, Sigurveig, Birgisdottir, Bryndis Eva, Thorsdottir, Inga
• Other Authors: 1 Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland and Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [e-mail]. 2 Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics, School of Social Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [e-mail]. 3 Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland and Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. 4 Department of Immunology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. 5 Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. 6 The Allergy Outpatient Department, Landspitali University Hospital, 108 Reykjavik, Iceland. 7 School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI Publishing 2019
• Subjects: IgE sensitization; Nordic diet; breastfeeding; children; complementary feeding; infants; recommendations; solid food; vitamin D; Brjóstagjöf; Mataræði; Ungbörn; D vítamín; Ofnæmi; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Breast Feeding; Immunoglobulin E; Iceland
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2336/621076; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071690

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Download Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) recommend exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months, partial breastfeeding until 1 year or longer and irrespective of breastfeeding, avoiding solid foods before 4 months. Strong evidence was found for benefits of breastfeeding regarding growth and infections but limited/inconclusive evidence regarding atopic disease and asthma. Vitamin D is of special interest in the Nordic diet. The aim of this prospective study was to compare infant feeding and vitamin D between immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitized (n = 14) and non-sensitized (n = 130) children at 6 years. Information on diet and vitamin D supplement use were collected with dietary recall (<5 months), 1-d food records (5 and 6 months) and 3-d weighed food records (12 months and 6 years). Serum-specific IgE-antibodies against milk, egg, cod, wheat, soy and peanut (cut-off specific IgE ≥ 0.35 kUA/L) were measured at 6 years and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at 12 months and 6 years. At 4 months, 57% of IgE sensitized vs. 23% of non-sensitized children (p < 0.01) had received solid food. At 12 months, IgE sensitized children had a lower intake of vitamin D (median (25th, 75th percentiles): 3.9 μg/d (3.2, 7.2) vs. 8.1 μg/d (4.4, 12.3), p = 0.03) and at 6 years, fewer used vitamin D supplements regularly (23% vs. 56%, p = 0.03). Introduction of solid foods prior to 4 months increased the odds of IgE-sensitization, OR = 4.9 (95%, CI = 1.4-16.6) and vitamin D supplement at 6 years decreased the odds of IgE-sensitization, OR = 0.2 (95%, CI = 0.1-0.98), adjusting for maternal smoking. These observations support the NNR in their recommendation against introducing complementary solid foods before the age of 4 months. Furthermore, they support encouraging vitamin D intake for young children at northern latitudes. University of Iceland Landspitali University ...