Vitamin D intake and status in 12-month-old infants at 63-66° N.

• Published in: Nutrients
• Main Authors: Thorisdottir, Birna, Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg, Steingrimsdottir, Laufey, Palsson, Gestur I, Thorsdottir, Inga
• Other Authors: Landspitali Univ Hosp, Unit Nutr Res, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Food Sci & Nutr, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Landspitali Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2015
• Subjects: Brjóstagjöf; Fæðubótarefni; D vítamín; Beinkröm; Hörgulsjúkdómar; Næringarskortur; Breast Feeding; Dietary Supplements; Female; Food; Fortified; Humans; Iceland; Infant; Linear Models; Male; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Rickets; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2336/338623; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031182

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access. The objective was to assess the vitamin D status in healthy 12-month-old infants in relation to quantity and sources of dietary vitamin D, breastfeeding and seasons. Subjects were 76 12-month-old infants. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≥ 50 nmol/L were considered indicative of vitamin D sufficiency and 25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol/L as being indicative of increased risk for rickets. Additionally, 25(OH)D > 125 nmol/L was considered possibly adversely high. Total vitamin D at 9-12 months (eight data collection days) included intake from diet and supplements. The mean ± SD of vitamin D intake was 8.8 ± 5.2 μg/day and serum 25(OH)D 98.1 ± 32.2 nmol/L (range 39.3-165.5). Ninety-two percent of infants were vitamin D sufficient and none at increased risk for rickets. The 26% infants using fortified products and supplements never/irregularly or in small amounts had lower 25(OH)D (76.8 ± 27.1 nmol/L) than the 22% using fortified products (100.0 ± 31.4 nmol/L), 18% using supplements (104.6 ± 37.0 nmol/L) and 33% using both (110.3 ± 26.6 nmol/L). Five of six infants with 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L had no intake of supplements or fortified products from 0 to 12 months. Supplement use increased the odds of 25(OH)D > 125 nmol/L. Breastfeeding and season did not affect vitamin D status. The majority of infants were vitamin D sufficient. Our findings highlight the need for vitamin D supplements or fortified products all year round, regardless of breastfeeding. Sumargjof-The Icelandic Children's Welfare Society Doctoral Grants of the University of Iceland Research Fund Icelandic Research Fund of the Icelandic Centre for Research