Examining the costs and benefits of male-male associations in a group-living equid
In feral horse (Equus caballus) populations, females can associate in year-round social groups with one male (single-stallion (SS) groups) or multiple males (multi-stallion (MS) groups). Given the expectation of intense male competition for mating opportunities, male-male associations raise question...
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ftkyotouniv:oai:repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp:2433/277884 2023-08-27T04:08:55+02:00 Examining the costs and benefits of male-male associations in a group-living equid Pinto, Pandora Mendonça, Renata S. Hirata, Satoshi 平田, 聡 2022-08 http://hdl.handle.net/2433/277884 eng eng Elsevier BV 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105660 http://hdl.handle.net/2433/277884 Applied Animal Behaviour Science 253 105660 0168-1591 © 2022. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. The full-text file will be made open to the public on 1 August 2023 in accordance with publisher's 'Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving'. This is not the published version. Please cite only the published version. この論文は出版社版でありません。引用の際には出版社版をご確認ご利用ください。 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Male competition Stallion behaviour Alternative mating strategies Equids Cooperation journal article 2022 ftkyotouniv 2023-08-03T23:24:16Z In feral horse (Equus caballus) populations, females can associate in year-round social groups with one male (single-stallion (SS) groups) or multiple males (multi-stallion (MS) groups). Given the expectation of intense male competition for mating opportunities, male-male associations raise questions regarding their supporting mechanisms and adaptive consequences. The function of MS groups has been highly debated which led to a series of conflicting hypotheses attempting to describe the relationship between the males, and the costs and benefits of this association in relation to SS groups. Based on previous studies, our goal was to compare the group size and stability, males’ defence behaviour against group outsiders and access to females, levels of male aggression to group members, and the activity budget and body condition of horses in MS and SS groups. Between the months of May to August (breeding season) from 2016 to 2021, we collected demographic and behavioural data from feral Garrano horses living in northern Portugal, where wolf (Canis lupus signatus) predation is an important factor. Contrary to mutualistic hypotheses, our results indicated that SS males had more breeding females than MS groups and group type did not influence female membership stability. However, dominant males in MS groups may be benefitting from the presence of another male via decreased effort in group defence and more resting time. We recorded less aggressive behaviours from dominant to subordinate males in MS groups when subordinates displayed more defensive behaviours against outsiders, but we found little evidence that subordinates were being rewarded with access to females, as proposed by reciprocal-altruism hypotheses. Females in MS groups did not suffer higher levels of male aggression when compared with SS females, and the number of males in the group had no significant influence on the time females spent grazing and resting, and ultimately on their body condition. Future research should explore how MS male associations ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Kyoto University Research Information Repository (KURENAI) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Kyoto University Research Information Repository (KURENAI) |
op_collection_id |
ftkyotouniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Male competition Stallion behaviour Alternative mating strategies Equids Cooperation |
spellingShingle |
Male competition Stallion behaviour Alternative mating strategies Equids Cooperation Pinto, Pandora Mendonça, Renata S. Hirata, Satoshi Examining the costs and benefits of male-male associations in a group-living equid |
topic_facet |
Male competition Stallion behaviour Alternative mating strategies Equids Cooperation |
description |
In feral horse (Equus caballus) populations, females can associate in year-round social groups with one male (single-stallion (SS) groups) or multiple males (multi-stallion (MS) groups). Given the expectation of intense male competition for mating opportunities, male-male associations raise questions regarding their supporting mechanisms and adaptive consequences. The function of MS groups has been highly debated which led to a series of conflicting hypotheses attempting to describe the relationship between the males, and the costs and benefits of this association in relation to SS groups. Based on previous studies, our goal was to compare the group size and stability, males’ defence behaviour against group outsiders and access to females, levels of male aggression to group members, and the activity budget and body condition of horses in MS and SS groups. Between the months of May to August (breeding season) from 2016 to 2021, we collected demographic and behavioural data from feral Garrano horses living in northern Portugal, where wolf (Canis lupus signatus) predation is an important factor. Contrary to mutualistic hypotheses, our results indicated that SS males had more breeding females than MS groups and group type did not influence female membership stability. However, dominant males in MS groups may be benefitting from the presence of another male via decreased effort in group defence and more resting time. We recorded less aggressive behaviours from dominant to subordinate males in MS groups when subordinates displayed more defensive behaviours against outsiders, but we found little evidence that subordinates were being rewarded with access to females, as proposed by reciprocal-altruism hypotheses. Females in MS groups did not suffer higher levels of male aggression when compared with SS females, and the number of males in the group had no significant influence on the time females spent grazing and resting, and ultimately on their body condition. Future research should explore how MS male associations ... |
author2 |
平田, 聡 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pinto, Pandora Mendonça, Renata S. Hirata, Satoshi |
author_facet |
Pinto, Pandora Mendonça, Renata S. Hirata, Satoshi |
author_sort |
Pinto, Pandora |
title |
Examining the costs and benefits of male-male associations in a group-living equid |
title_short |
Examining the costs and benefits of male-male associations in a group-living equid |
title_full |
Examining the costs and benefits of male-male associations in a group-living equid |
title_fullStr |
Examining the costs and benefits of male-male associations in a group-living equid |
title_full_unstemmed |
Examining the costs and benefits of male-male associations in a group-living equid |
title_sort |
examining the costs and benefits of male-male associations in a group-living equid |
publisher |
Elsevier BV |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/277884 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_relation |
10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105660 http://hdl.handle.net/2433/277884 Applied Animal Behaviour Science 253 105660 0168-1591 |
op_rights |
© 2022. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. The full-text file will be made open to the public on 1 August 2023 in accordance with publisher's 'Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving'. This is not the published version. Please cite only the published version. この論文は出版社版でありません。引用の際には出版社版をご確認ご利用ください。 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
_version_ |
1775349856297025536 |