Pan-Arctic plankton community structure and its global connectivity

• Published in: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene
• Main Authors: Ibarbalz, Federico M., Henry, Nicolas, Mahé, Frédéric, Ardyna, Mathieu, Zingone, Adriana, Scalco, Eleonora, Lovejoy, Connie, Lombard, Fabien, Jaillon, Olivier, Iudicone, Daniele, Malviya, Shruti, Sullivan, Matthew B., Chaffron, Samuel, Karsenti, Eric, Babin, Marcel, Boss, Emmanuel, Wincker, Patrick, Zinger, Lucie, de Vargas, Colomban, Bowler, Chris, Karp-Boss, Lee, Tara Oceans Coordinators
• Other Authors: 1Institut de biologie de l’École normale supérieure (IBENS), École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France, 2Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 3CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 4CNRS–IRD–CONICET–UBA, Instituto Franco-Argentino para el Estudio del Clima y sus Impactos (IRL 3351 IFAECI), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 5Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Marítima (IUSM), Prefectura Naval Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 6Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR 7144, Roscoff, France, 7Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Paris, France, 8Current address: Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS bioinformatic platform, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France, 9CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Montpellier, France, 10PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France, 11Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI3376), Université Laval (Canada)–CNRS (France), Université Laval, Québec, Canada, 12Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 13Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, Paris, France, 14Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy, 15Département de Biologie, Québec Océan and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, 16Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France, 17Department of Microbiology, Center of Microbiome Science, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 18Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Center of Microbiome Science, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 19Nantes University, CNRS UMR 6004, LS2N, Nantes, France, 20Directors’ Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, 21School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA, 22Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: University of California Press 2023
• Subjects: Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Atlantic Arctic; Atlantic-Arctic; Global warming
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/691036; https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00060

The Arctic Ocean (AO) is being rapidly transformed by global warming, but its biodiversity remains understudied for many planktonic organisms, in particular for unicellular eukaryotes that play pivotal roles in marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. The aim of this study was to characterize the biogeographic ranges of species that comprise the contemporary pool of unicellular eukaryotes in the AO as a first step toward understanding mechanisms that structure these communities and identifying potential target species for monitoring. Leveraging the Tara Oceans DNA metabarcoding data, we mapped the global distributions of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found on Arctic shelves into five biogeographic categories, identified biogeographic indicators, and inferred the degree to which AO communities of unicellular eukaryotes share members with assemblages from lower latitudes. Arctic/Polar indicator OTUs, as well as some globally ubiquitous OTUs, dominated the detection and abundance of DNA reads in the Arctic samples. OTUs detected only in Arctic samples (Arctic-exclusives) showed restricted distribution with relatively low abundances, accounting for 10–16% of the total Arctic OTU pool. OTUs with high abundances in tropical and/or temperate latitudes (non-Polar indicators) were also found in the AO but mainly at its periphery. We observed a large change in community taxonomic composition across the Atlantic-Arctic continuum, supporting the idea that advection and environmental filtering are important processes that shape plankton assemblages in the AO. Altogether, this study highlights the connectivity between the AO and other oceans, and provides a framework for monitoring and assessing future changes in this vulnerable ecosystem. Tara Oceans (which includes both the Tara Oceans and Tara Oceans Polar Circle expeditions) would not exist without the leadership of the Tara Ocean Foundation and the continuous support of 23 institutes (http://oceans.taraexpeditions.org). We further thank the commitment of the ...