Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

• Published in: The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology
• Main Authors: Sharma, Rajesh, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Abidi, Hassan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Adhikari, Sangeet, Advani, Shailesh M., Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Meybodi, Mohamad Aghaie, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A., Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhayyat, Motasem, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Alvand, Saba, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini, Saeed, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anoushiravani, Amir, Anoushirvani, Ali Arash, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Arabloo, Jalal, Aryannejad, Armin, Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Awedew, Atalel Fentahun, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azami, Hiva, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Jafari, Amirhossein Azari, Badiye, Ashish D., Bagherieh, Sara, Bahadory, Saeed, Baig, Atif Amin, Baker, Jennifer L., Banach, Maciej, Barrow, Amadou, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Besharat, Sima, Bhagat, Devidas S., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S., Bibi, Sadia, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bjorge, Tone, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brenner, Hermann, Calina, Daniela, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, Felix, Cerin, Ester, Chakinala, Raja Chandra, Cho, William C. S., Chu, Dinh-Toi, Conde, Joao, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cruz-Martins, Natalia, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Danielewicz, Anna, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demissie, Getu Debalkie, Desai, Rupak, Dhamnetiya, Deepak, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Diaz, Daniel, Didehdar, Mojtaba, Doaei, Saeid, Doan, Linh Phuong, Dodangeh, Milad, Eghbalian, Fatemeh, Ejeta, Debela Debela, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, El Sayed, Iman, Elhadi, Muhammed, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Eyayu, Tahir, Ezzeddini, Rana, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Farooque, Umar, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fattahi, Hamed, Fattahi, Nima, Fereidoonnezhad, Masood, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fetensa, Getahun, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gad, Mohamed M., Gallus, Silvano, Garg, Tushar, Getachew, Tamiru, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamalizadeh, Maryam, Navashenaq, Jamshid Gholizadeh, Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat, Glasbey, James C., Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele, Gorini, Giuseppe, Guha, Avirup, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Haddadi, Rasool, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Halwani, Rabih, Haque, Shafiul, Hariri, Sanam, Hasaballah, Ahmed, I, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hay, Simon, I, Herteliu, Claudiu, Holla, Ramesh, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Huang, Junjie, Humayun, Ayesha, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Islami, Farhad, Iwagami, Masao, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jebai, Rime, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Ashwin, Kapoor, Neeti, Karaye, Ibraheem M., Karimi, Amirali, Kauppila, Joonas H., Kazemi, Asma, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khanali, Javad, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khodadost, Mahmoud, Kim, Hanna, Kim, Min Seo, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Koohestani, Hamid Reza, Kopec, Jacek A., Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Manoj, Kumar, Vivek, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Ivan, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yeong Yeh, Leong, Elvynna, Li, Bingyu, Lim, Stephen S., Lobo, Stany W., Loureiro, Joana A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Majeed, Azeem, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Martorell, Miquel, Masoudi, Sahar, Mathur, Prashant, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi, Mendoza, Walter, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Jonasson, Junmei Miao, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mijena, Gelana Fekadu Worku, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Mirzaei, Hamed, Misra, Sanjeev, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Saeed, Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H., Mokhtari, Zeinab, Molokhia, Mariam, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mulita, Francesk, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nam, Hae Sung, Natto, Zuhair S., Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nazari, Javad, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad, Ehsan, Negoi, Ionut, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Son Hoang Nguyen, Noor, Nurulamin M., Noori, Maryam, Noori, Seyyed Mohammad Ali, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Oancea, Bogdan, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Ong, Sokking, Ostroff, Samuel M., Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Pakzad, Reza, Pana, Adrian, Pandey, Anamika, Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh, Patel, Urvish K., Paudel, Uttam, Pereira, Renato B., Perumalsamy, Navaraj, Pestell, Richard G., Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Pollok, Richard Charles G., Pourshams, Akram, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prashant, Akila, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Sima, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rajai, Nazanin, Rajesh, Aashish, Ramezani-Doroh, Vajiheh, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Ranabhat, Kamal, Rashedi, Sina, Rashidi, Amirfarzan, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rastegar, Mandana, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Saberzadeh-Ardestani, Bahar, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Hossein, Saeed, Umar, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Farrokhi, Amir Salek, Salimi, Amir, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samadi, Pouria, Samaei, Mehrnoosh, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Seylani, Allen, Sha, Feng, Shafiee, Sayed Mohammad, Shaghaghi, Zahra, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaker, Elaheh, Sharifian, Maedeh, Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shetty, Jeevan K., Shirkoohi, Reza, Shobeiri, Parnian, Malleshappa, Sudeep K. Siddappa, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Julian, Guilherme Silva, Singh, Achintya Dinesh, Singh, Jasvinder A., Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Sivandzadeh, Gholam Reza, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Socea, Bogdan, Solmi, Marco, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Song, Suhang, Szerencses, Viktoria, Szocska, Miklos, Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabibian, Elnaz, Taheri, Majid, Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri, Taherkhani, Amir, Talaat, Iman M., Tan, Ker-Kan, Tbakhi, Abdelghani, Tesfaye, Bekele, Tiyuri, Amir, Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse, Touvier, Mathilde, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saif, Vacante, Marco, Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan, Veroux, Massimiliano, Vo, Bay, Vos, Theo, Wang, Cong, Westerman, Ronny, Woldemariam, Melat, Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh, Yang, Lin, Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh, Yu, Chuanhua, Yuce, Deniz, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zadnik, Vesna, Zahir, Mazyar, Zare, Iman, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zoladi, Mohammad�
• Other Authors: Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Statistics Program
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Elsevier BV 2022
• Subjects: Daly; Greenland
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/685148; https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00044-9

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades. Methods: Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990–2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. Findings: Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408–868 574) to 2·17 million (2·00–2·34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682–537 877) to 1·09 million (1·02–1·15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22·2 (95% UI 21·3–23·0) per 100 000 to 26·7 (24·6–28·9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14·3 (13·5–14·9) per 100 000 to 13·7 (12·6–14·5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308·5 (294·7–320·7) per 100 000 to 295·5 (275·2–313·0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62·0 [48·9–80·0] per 100 000), Monaco (60·7 [48·5–73·6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56·6 [42·8–71·9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31·4 [26·0–37·1] per 100 000), Brunei (30·3 [26·6–34·1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28·6 [23·6–34·0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence ...