Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland
Geysers are among the most fascinating geological features on Earth. Yet, little is still known about their hydrogeological structure at depth. To shed light on the spatial relationships between the vertical conduits and the aquifers feeding them, we conducted a 3D geoelectrical campaign in the Hauk...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2022
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10754/685044 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024040 |
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ftkingabdullahun:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/685044 2024-01-07T09:44:11+01:00 Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland Lupi, Matteo Collignon, Marine Fischanger, Federico Carrier, Aurore Trippanera, Daniele Pioli, Laura Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division Earth Science and Engineering Program Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Université, de Savoie Le Bourget-du-Lac France Geostudi Astier, S.r.l. Livorno Italy Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy 2022-10-19 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10754/685044 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024040 unknown American Geophysical Union (AGU) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JB024040 Lupi, M., Collignon, M., Fischanger, F., Carrier, A., Trippanera, D., & Pioli, L. (2022). Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024040 doi:10.1029/2022jb024040 2169-9313 2169-9356 Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth http://hdl.handle.net/10754/685044 Article 2022 ftkingabdullahun https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024040 2023-12-09T20:18:02Z Geysers are among the most fascinating geological features on Earth. Yet, little is still known about their hydrogeological structure at depth. To shed light on the spatial relationships between the vertical conduits and the aquifers feeding them, we conducted a 3D geoelectrical campaign in the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland. We deployed 24 Iris Fullwavers across the hydrothermal field and inverted resistivity and chargeability measurements. Additionally, we measured temperature variations inside Strokkur and Great Geysir geysers showing temperature fluctuations pointing out the oscillatory behaviour that characterises the geysering cycle of the geysers. By combining a semi-quantitative temperature distribution of the thermal springs across the hydrothermal field with the inversion of the geoelectrical data, we highlight the control that extensional tectonics have on the distribution of fluids across the hydrothermal field. We also point out the occurrence of a common deep groundwater reservoir feeding the hydrothermal centres. Induced polarization data show that the geysers are fed by sub-vertical water-filled fracture zones. The geysers are found at the margins of highly resistive regions where we speculate boiling groundwater and vapour is found. Our proposed model suggests that local waters feeding the main groundwater reservoir downwell from the nearby region and then convect upwards, phase transitioning into vapour at about 200 m depth. From here, fluids flow towards the surface through pipes cutting a highly pressurised and hot system. This study shows to the best of our knowledge the first full 3D tomographic image of a hydrothermal field hosting geysers. This study was partially funded by the Augustin Lombard Scholarship for Sebastian Mueller, that is thanked385for the support in the field. Marine Collignon was funded by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship386(NERUDA 793662). Laura Pioli was funded by the Fond National Suisse Project 200021-162439. We thank the387Umhverfisstofnun, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository Geysir ENVELOPE(-20.277,-20.277,64.307,64.307) Lombard ENVELOPE(-59.686,-59.686,-64.520,-64.520) Mueller ENVELOPE(55.533,55.533,-66.917,-66.917) Strokkur ENVELOPE(-20.542,-20.542,64.337,64.337) Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 127 11 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftkingabdullahun |
language |
unknown |
description |
Geysers are among the most fascinating geological features on Earth. Yet, little is still known about their hydrogeological structure at depth. To shed light on the spatial relationships between the vertical conduits and the aquifers feeding them, we conducted a 3D geoelectrical campaign in the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland. We deployed 24 Iris Fullwavers across the hydrothermal field and inverted resistivity and chargeability measurements. Additionally, we measured temperature variations inside Strokkur and Great Geysir geysers showing temperature fluctuations pointing out the oscillatory behaviour that characterises the geysering cycle of the geysers. By combining a semi-quantitative temperature distribution of the thermal springs across the hydrothermal field with the inversion of the geoelectrical data, we highlight the control that extensional tectonics have on the distribution of fluids across the hydrothermal field. We also point out the occurrence of a common deep groundwater reservoir feeding the hydrothermal centres. Induced polarization data show that the geysers are fed by sub-vertical water-filled fracture zones. The geysers are found at the margins of highly resistive regions where we speculate boiling groundwater and vapour is found. Our proposed model suggests that local waters feeding the main groundwater reservoir downwell from the nearby region and then convect upwards, phase transitioning into vapour at about 200 m depth. From here, fluids flow towards the surface through pipes cutting a highly pressurised and hot system. This study shows to the best of our knowledge the first full 3D tomographic image of a hydrothermal field hosting geysers. This study was partially funded by the Augustin Lombard Scholarship for Sebastian Mueller, that is thanked385for the support in the field. Marine Collignon was funded by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship386(NERUDA 793662). Laura Pioli was funded by the Fond National Suisse Project 200021-162439. We thank the387Umhverfisstofnun, ... |
author2 |
Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division Earth Science and Engineering Program Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Université, de Savoie Le Bourget-du-Lac France Geostudi Astier, S.r.l. Livorno Italy Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lupi, Matteo Collignon, Marine Fischanger, Federico Carrier, Aurore Trippanera, Daniele Pioli, Laura |
spellingShingle |
Lupi, Matteo Collignon, Marine Fischanger, Federico Carrier, Aurore Trippanera, Daniele Pioli, Laura Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
author_facet |
Lupi, Matteo Collignon, Marine Fischanger, Federico Carrier, Aurore Trippanera, Daniele Pioli, Laura |
author_sort |
Lupi, Matteo |
title |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_short |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_full |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_sort |
geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3d subsurface resistive structure of the haukadalur hydrothermal field, iceland |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/685044 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024040 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-20.277,-20.277,64.307,64.307) ENVELOPE(-59.686,-59.686,-64.520,-64.520) ENVELOPE(55.533,55.533,-66.917,-66.917) ENVELOPE(-20.542,-20.542,64.337,64.337) |
geographic |
Geysir Lombard Mueller Strokkur |
geographic_facet |
Geysir Lombard Mueller Strokkur |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JB024040 Lupi, M., Collignon, M., Fischanger, F., Carrier, A., Trippanera, D., & Pioli, L. (2022). Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: The 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024040 doi:10.1029/2022jb024040 2169-9313 2169-9356 Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth http://hdl.handle.net/10754/685044 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024040 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
container_volume |
127 |
container_issue |
11 |
_version_ |
1787425521897832448 |