Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bardarbunga volcanic system, Iceland
Crust at many divergent plate boundaries forms primarily by the injection of vertical sheet-like dykes, some tens of kilometres long. Previous models of rifting events indicate either lateral dyke growth away from a feeding source, with propagation rates decreasing as the dyke lengthens, or magma fl...
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2015
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10754/672262 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14111 |
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ftkingabdullahun:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/672262 2024-01-07T09:44:17+01:00 Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bardarbunga volcanic system, Iceland Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Hooper, Andrew Hreinsdottir, Sigrun Vogfjord, Kristin S. Ofeigsson, Benedikt G. Heimisson, Elias Rafn Dumont, Stephanie Parks, Michelle Spaans, Karsten Gudmundsson, Gunnar B. Drouin, Vincent Arnadottir, Thora Jonsdottir, Kristin Gudmundsson, Magnus T. Hognadottir, Thordis Fridriksdottir, Hildur Maria Hensch, Martin Einarsson, Pall Magnusson, Eyjolfur Samsonov, Sergey Brandsdottir, Bryndis White, Robert S. Agustsdottir, Thorbjoerg Greenfield, Tim Green, Robert G. Hjartardottir, Asta Rut Pedersen, Rikke Bennett, Richard A. Geirsson, Halldor La Femina, Peter C. Bjornsson, Helgi Palsson, Finnur Sturkell, Erik Bean, Christopher J. Mollhoff, Martin Braiden, Aoife K. Eibl, Eva P. S. Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, IS-101, Iceland 2015 http://hdl.handle.net/10754/672262 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14111 unknown Springer Science and Business Media LLC http://www.nature.com/articles/nature14111 Sigmundsson, F., Hooper, A., Hreinsdóttir, S., Vogfjörd, K. S., Ófeigsson, B. G., Heimisson, E. R., … Eibl, E. P. S. (2014). Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bárðarbunga volcanic system, Iceland. Nature, 517(7533), 191–195. doi:10.1038/nature14111 doi:10.1038/nature14111 2-s2.0-84941146487 1476-4687 0028-0836 7533 NATURE 191-U158 http://hdl.handle.net/10754/672262 517 WOS:000347477600034 Article 2015 ftkingabdullahun https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14111 2023-12-09T20:18:49Z Crust at many divergent plate boundaries forms primarily by the injection of vertical sheet-like dykes, some tens of kilometres long. Previous models of rifting events indicate either lateral dyke growth away from a feeding source, with propagation rates decreasing as the dyke lengthens, or magma flowing vertically into dykes from an underlying source, with the role of topography on the evolution of lateral dykes not clear. Here we show how a recent segmented dyke intrusion in the Bárðarbunga volcanic system grew laterally for more than 45 kilometres at a variable rate, with topography influencing the direction of propagation. Barriers at the ends of each segment were overcome by the build-up of pressure in the dyke end; then a new segment formed and dyke lengthening temporarily peaked. The dyke evolution, which occurred primarily over 14 days, was revealed by propagating seismicity, ground deformation mapped by Global Positioning System (GPS), interferometric analysis of satellite radar images (InSAR), and graben formation. The strike of the dyke segments varies from an initially radial direction away from the Bárðarbunga caldera, towards alignment with that expected from regional stress at the distal end. A model minimizing the combined strain and gravitational potential energy explains the propagation path. Dyke opening and seismicity focused at the most distal segment at any given time, and were simultaneous with magma source deflation and slow collapse at the Bárðarbunga caldera, accompanied by a series of magnitude M > 5 earthquakes. Dyke growth was slowed down by an effusive fissure eruption near the end of the dyke. Lateral dyke growth with segment barrier breaking by pressure build-up in the dyke distal end explains how focused upwelling of magma under central volcanoes is effectively redistributed over long distances to create new upper crust at divergent plate boundaries. Support for this work was received from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme Grant No. 308377 (Project ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository Bardarbunga ENVELOPE(-17.528,-17.528,64.635,64.635) Nature 517 7533 191 195 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftkingabdullahun |
language |
unknown |
description |
Crust at many divergent plate boundaries forms primarily by the injection of vertical sheet-like dykes, some tens of kilometres long. Previous models of rifting events indicate either lateral dyke growth away from a feeding source, with propagation rates decreasing as the dyke lengthens, or magma flowing vertically into dykes from an underlying source, with the role of topography on the evolution of lateral dykes not clear. Here we show how a recent segmented dyke intrusion in the Bárðarbunga volcanic system grew laterally for more than 45 kilometres at a variable rate, with topography influencing the direction of propagation. Barriers at the ends of each segment were overcome by the build-up of pressure in the dyke end; then a new segment formed and dyke lengthening temporarily peaked. The dyke evolution, which occurred primarily over 14 days, was revealed by propagating seismicity, ground deformation mapped by Global Positioning System (GPS), interferometric analysis of satellite radar images (InSAR), and graben formation. The strike of the dyke segments varies from an initially radial direction away from the Bárðarbunga caldera, towards alignment with that expected from regional stress at the distal end. A model minimizing the combined strain and gravitational potential energy explains the propagation path. Dyke opening and seismicity focused at the most distal segment at any given time, and were simultaneous with magma source deflation and slow collapse at the Bárðarbunga caldera, accompanied by a series of magnitude M > 5 earthquakes. Dyke growth was slowed down by an effusive fissure eruption near the end of the dyke. Lateral dyke growth with segment barrier breaking by pressure build-up in the dyke distal end explains how focused upwelling of magma under central volcanoes is effectively redistributed over long distances to create new upper crust at divergent plate boundaries. Support for this work was received from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme Grant No. 308377 (Project ... |
author2 |
Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, IS-101, Iceland |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Hooper, Andrew Hreinsdottir, Sigrun Vogfjord, Kristin S. Ofeigsson, Benedikt G. Heimisson, Elias Rafn Dumont, Stephanie Parks, Michelle Spaans, Karsten Gudmundsson, Gunnar B. Drouin, Vincent Arnadottir, Thora Jonsdottir, Kristin Gudmundsson, Magnus T. Hognadottir, Thordis Fridriksdottir, Hildur Maria Hensch, Martin Einarsson, Pall Magnusson, Eyjolfur Samsonov, Sergey Brandsdottir, Bryndis White, Robert S. Agustsdottir, Thorbjoerg Greenfield, Tim Green, Robert G. Hjartardottir, Asta Rut Pedersen, Rikke Bennett, Richard A. Geirsson, Halldor La Femina, Peter C. Bjornsson, Helgi Palsson, Finnur Sturkell, Erik Bean, Christopher J. Mollhoff, Martin Braiden, Aoife K. Eibl, Eva P. S. |
spellingShingle |
Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Hooper, Andrew Hreinsdottir, Sigrun Vogfjord, Kristin S. Ofeigsson, Benedikt G. Heimisson, Elias Rafn Dumont, Stephanie Parks, Michelle Spaans, Karsten Gudmundsson, Gunnar B. Drouin, Vincent Arnadottir, Thora Jonsdottir, Kristin Gudmundsson, Magnus T. Hognadottir, Thordis Fridriksdottir, Hildur Maria Hensch, Martin Einarsson, Pall Magnusson, Eyjolfur Samsonov, Sergey Brandsdottir, Bryndis White, Robert S. Agustsdottir, Thorbjoerg Greenfield, Tim Green, Robert G. Hjartardottir, Asta Rut Pedersen, Rikke Bennett, Richard A. Geirsson, Halldor La Femina, Peter C. Bjornsson, Helgi Palsson, Finnur Sturkell, Erik Bean, Christopher J. Mollhoff, Martin Braiden, Aoife K. Eibl, Eva P. S. Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bardarbunga volcanic system, Iceland |
author_facet |
Sigmundsson, Freysteinn Hooper, Andrew Hreinsdottir, Sigrun Vogfjord, Kristin S. Ofeigsson, Benedikt G. Heimisson, Elias Rafn Dumont, Stephanie Parks, Michelle Spaans, Karsten Gudmundsson, Gunnar B. Drouin, Vincent Arnadottir, Thora Jonsdottir, Kristin Gudmundsson, Magnus T. Hognadottir, Thordis Fridriksdottir, Hildur Maria Hensch, Martin Einarsson, Pall Magnusson, Eyjolfur Samsonov, Sergey Brandsdottir, Bryndis White, Robert S. Agustsdottir, Thorbjoerg Greenfield, Tim Green, Robert G. Hjartardottir, Asta Rut Pedersen, Rikke Bennett, Richard A. Geirsson, Halldor La Femina, Peter C. Bjornsson, Helgi Palsson, Finnur Sturkell, Erik Bean, Christopher J. Mollhoff, Martin Braiden, Aoife K. Eibl, Eva P. S. |
author_sort |
Sigmundsson, Freysteinn |
title |
Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bardarbunga volcanic system, Iceland |
title_short |
Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bardarbunga volcanic system, Iceland |
title_full |
Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bardarbunga volcanic system, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bardarbunga volcanic system, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bardarbunga volcanic system, Iceland |
title_sort |
segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at bardarbunga volcanic system, iceland |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/672262 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14111 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-17.528,-17.528,64.635,64.635) |
geographic |
Bardarbunga |
geographic_facet |
Bardarbunga |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
http://www.nature.com/articles/nature14111 Sigmundsson, F., Hooper, A., Hreinsdóttir, S., Vogfjörd, K. S., Ófeigsson, B. G., Heimisson, E. R., … Eibl, E. P. S. (2014). Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bárðarbunga volcanic system, Iceland. Nature, 517(7533), 191–195. doi:10.1038/nature14111 doi:10.1038/nature14111 2-s2.0-84941146487 1476-4687 0028-0836 7533 NATURE 191-U158 http://hdl.handle.net/10754/672262 517 WOS:000347477600034 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14111 |
container_title |
Nature |
container_volume |
517 |
container_issue |
7533 |
container_start_page |
191 |
op_container_end_page |
195 |
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1787425654156820480 |