Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation
The Arctic climate is changing rapidly. The warming and resultant longer open water periods suggest a potential for expansion of marine vegetation along the vast Arctic coastline. We compiled and reviewed the scattered time series on Arctic marine vegetation and explored trends for macroalgae and ee...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666913 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.617324 |
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King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftkingabdullahun |
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unknown |
description |
The Arctic climate is changing rapidly. The warming and resultant longer open water periods suggest a potential for expansion of marine vegetation along the vast Arctic coastline. We compiled and reviewed the scattered time series on Arctic marine vegetation and explored trends for macroalgae and eelgrass (Zostera marina). We identified a total of 38 sites, distributed between Arctic coastal regions in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway/Svalbard, and Russia, having time series extending into the 21st Century. The majority of these exhibited increase in abundance, productivity or species richness, and/or expansion of geographical distribution limits, several time series showed no significant trend. Only four time series displayed a negative trend, largely due to urchin grazing or increased turbidity. Overall, the observations support with medium confidence (i.e., 5–8 in 10 chance of being correct, adopting the IPCC confidence scale) the prediction that macrophytes are expanding in the Arctic. Species distribution modeling was challenged by limited observations and lack of information on substrate, but suggested a current (2000–2017) potential pan-Arctic macroalgal distribution area of 820.000 km2 (145.000 km2 intertidal, 675.000 km2 subtidal), representing an increase of about 30% for subtidal- and 6% for intertidal macroalgae since 1940–1950, and associated polar migration rates averaging 18–23 km decade–1. Adjusting the potential macroalgal distribution area by the fraction of shores represented by cliffs halves the estimate (412,634 km2). Warming and reduced sea ice cover along the Arctic coastlines are expected to stimulate further expansion of marine vegetation from boreal latitudes. The changes likely affect the functioning of coastal Arctic ecosystems because of the vegetation’s roles as habitat, and for carbon and nutrient cycling and storage. We encourage a pan-Arctic science- and management agenda to incorporate marine vegetation into a coherent understanding of Arctic changes by quantifying ... |
author2 |
Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division Marine Science Program Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Århus, Denmark Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark ArcticNet, Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Department of Marine Botany, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry and MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Akureyri, Iceland Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Krause-Jensen, Dorte Archambault, Philippe Assis, Jorge Bartsch, Inka Bischof, Kai Filbee-Dexter, Karen Dunton, Kenneth H. Maximova, Olga Ragnarsdóttir, Sunna Björk Sejr, Mikael K. Simakova, Uliana Spiridonov, Vassily Wegeberg, Susse Winding, Mie H.S. Duarte, Carlos M. |
spellingShingle |
Krause-Jensen, Dorte Archambault, Philippe Assis, Jorge Bartsch, Inka Bischof, Kai Filbee-Dexter, Karen Dunton, Kenneth H. Maximova, Olga Ragnarsdóttir, Sunna Björk Sejr, Mikael K. Simakova, Uliana Spiridonov, Vassily Wegeberg, Susse Winding, Mie H.S. Duarte, Carlos M. Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation |
author_facet |
Krause-Jensen, Dorte Archambault, Philippe Assis, Jorge Bartsch, Inka Bischof, Kai Filbee-Dexter, Karen Dunton, Kenneth H. Maximova, Olga Ragnarsdóttir, Sunna Björk Sejr, Mikael K. Simakova, Uliana Spiridonov, Vassily Wegeberg, Susse Winding, Mie H.S. Duarte, Carlos M. |
author_sort |
Krause-Jensen, Dorte |
title |
Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation |
title_short |
Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation |
title_full |
Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation |
title_fullStr |
Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation |
title_sort |
imprint of climate change on pan-arctic marine vegetation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666913 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.617324 |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Greenland Norway Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Greenland Norway Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Climate change Greenland Iceland Sea ice Svalbard Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Climate change Greenland Iceland Sea ice Svalbard Alaska |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.617324/full Krause-Jensen, D., Archambault, P., Assis, J., Bartsch, I., Bischof, K., Filbee-Dexter, K., … Duarte, C. M. (2020). Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.617324 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.617324 2-s2.0-85099117356 2296-7745 Frontiers in Marine Science http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666913 7 |
op_rights |
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.617324 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
7 |
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1787421474096676864 |
spelling |
ftkingabdullahun:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/666913 2024-01-07T09:40:38+01:00 Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation Krause-Jensen, Dorte Archambault, Philippe Assis, Jorge Bartsch, Inka Bischof, Kai Filbee-Dexter, Karen Dunton, Kenneth H. Maximova, Olga Ragnarsdóttir, Sunna Björk Sejr, Mikael K. Simakova, Uliana Spiridonov, Vassily Wegeberg, Susse Winding, Mie H.S. Duarte, Carlos M. Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division Marine Science Program Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Århus, Denmark Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark ArcticNet, Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Department of Marine Botany, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry and MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Akureyri, Iceland Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland 2021-01-17T06:50:29Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666913 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.617324 unknown Frontiers Media SA https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.617324/full Krause-Jensen, D., Archambault, P., Assis, J., Bartsch, I., Bischof, K., Filbee-Dexter, K., … Duarte, C. M. (2020). Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.617324 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.617324 2-s2.0-85099117356 2296-7745 Frontiers in Marine Science http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666913 7 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Article 2021 ftkingabdullahun https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.617324 2023-12-09T20:21:03Z The Arctic climate is changing rapidly. The warming and resultant longer open water periods suggest a potential for expansion of marine vegetation along the vast Arctic coastline. We compiled and reviewed the scattered time series on Arctic marine vegetation and explored trends for macroalgae and eelgrass (Zostera marina). We identified a total of 38 sites, distributed between Arctic coastal regions in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway/Svalbard, and Russia, having time series extending into the 21st Century. The majority of these exhibited increase in abundance, productivity or species richness, and/or expansion of geographical distribution limits, several time series showed no significant trend. Only four time series displayed a negative trend, largely due to urchin grazing or increased turbidity. Overall, the observations support with medium confidence (i.e., 5–8 in 10 chance of being correct, adopting the IPCC confidence scale) the prediction that macrophytes are expanding in the Arctic. Species distribution modeling was challenged by limited observations and lack of information on substrate, but suggested a current (2000–2017) potential pan-Arctic macroalgal distribution area of 820.000 km2 (145.000 km2 intertidal, 675.000 km2 subtidal), representing an increase of about 30% for subtidal- and 6% for intertidal macroalgae since 1940–1950, and associated polar migration rates averaging 18–23 km decade–1. Adjusting the potential macroalgal distribution area by the fraction of shores represented by cliffs halves the estimate (412,634 km2). Warming and reduced sea ice cover along the Arctic coastlines are expected to stimulate further expansion of marine vegetation from boreal latitudes. The changes likely affect the functioning of coastal Arctic ecosystems because of the vegetation’s roles as habitat, and for carbon and nutrient cycling and storage. We encourage a pan-Arctic science- and management agenda to incorporate marine vegetation into a coherent understanding of Arctic changes by quantifying ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Climate change Greenland Iceland Sea ice Svalbard Alaska King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository Arctic Canada Greenland Norway Svalbard Frontiers in Marine Science 7 |