State of the climate in 2016
In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 ± 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-y...
Published in: | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Report |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
American Meteorological Society
2017
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10754/656672 https://doi.org/10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |
id |
ftkingabdullahun:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/656672 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftkingabdullahun |
language |
unknown |
description |
In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 ± 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 ± 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Niño events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Niña evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Niño conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44°C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0°C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8°C, representing a 3.5°C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the ... |
author2 |
Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division Environmental Science and Engineering Program Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC) Trinidad & Tobago Meteorological Service, Piarco, Trinidad and Tobago CIMSS, University of Wisconsin– Madison, Madison, WI, United States NOAA/NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, United States Earth System Sciences Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States National Meteorological Service of Mexico, Mexico Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom Centro de Ciencias do Sistema Terrestre, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Section for Glaciers, Ice and Snow, Oslo, Norway Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, NC, United States Russian Institute for Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk, Russian Federation UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain Islamic Republic of Iranian Meteorological Organization, Iran Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Chile NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service, Buenos Aires, Argentina NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Perú, Lima, Peru Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States Seychelles National Meteorological Services, Pointe Larue, Mahé, Seychelles European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom Biospherical Instruments, San Diego, CA, United States National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom Departamento Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States Instituto Uruguayo de Meteorologia, Montevideo, Uruguay Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States Deutscher Wetterdienst, WMO RA VI Regional Climate Centre Network, Offenbach, Germany NOAA/NWS National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL, United States Global Modelling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS/UPMC, Paris, France Climate Center, Institute of Meteorology of Cuba, Cuba Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, MD, United States WMO Atmospheric Environment Research Division, Geneva, Switzerland Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Center for Geophysical Research, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States Department of Physics, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark |
format |
Report |
author |
Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Ackerman, Steven A. Adams, Nicolaus G. Adler, Robert F. Albanil, Adelina Alfaro, E. J. Allan, Rob Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Andreassen, L. M. Arendt, A. Arévalo, Juan Arndt, Derek S. Arzhanova, N. M. Aschan, M. M. Azorin-Molina, César Banzon, Viva Bardin, M. U. Barichivich, Jonathan Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Baxter, Stephen Bazo, Juan Becker, Andreas Bedka, Kristopher M. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Belmont, M. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, G. Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bettolli, María L. Bhatt, U. S. Bidegain, Mario Bill, Brian D. Billheimer, Sam Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Boudet, Dagne Box, J. E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Calderón, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka D. Cappelen, J. Carrasco, Gualberto Carter, Brendan R. Chambers, Don P. Chandler, Elise Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Daniel Chung, E. S. Cinque, Kathy Clem, Kyle R. Coelho, Caio A. Cogley, J. G. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Colwell, Steve Cooper, Owen R. Copland, L. Cosca, Catherine E. Cross, Jessica N. Crotwell, Molly J. Crouch, Jake Davis, Sean M. De Eyto, Elvira De Jeu, Richard A.M. De Laat, Jos Degasperi, Curtis L. Degenstein, Doug Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Destin, Dale Di Girolamo, Larry Di Giuseppe, F. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dokulil, Martin T. Dolgov, A. V. Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Donat, Markus G. Dong, Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Dortch, Quay Doucette, Greg Drozdov, D. S. Ducklow, Hugh Dunn, Robert J.H. Durán-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. Ebrahim, A. Elkharrim, M. Elkins, James W. Espinoza, Jhan C. Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl Evans, Thomas E. Famiglietti, James S. Farrell, S. Fateh, S. Fausto, Robert S. Fedaeff, Nava Feely, Richard A. Feng, Z. Fenimore, Chris Fettweis, X. Fioletov, Vitali E. Flemming, Johannes Fogarty, Chris T. Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Fonseca, C. Fossheim, M. Foster, Michael J. Fountain, Andrew Francis, S. D. Franz, Bryan A. Frey, Richard A. Frith, Stacey M. Froidevaux, Lucien Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Gerland, S. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Gomez, R. Sorbonne Goni, Gustavo Goto, A. Grooß, J. U. Gruber, Alexander Guard, Charles Chip Gugliemin, Mauro Gupta, S. K. Gutiérrez, J. M. Hagos, S. Hahn, Sebastian Haimberger, Leo Hakkarainen, J. Hall, Brad D. Halpert, Michael S. Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hanna, E. Hansen, K. Hanssen-Bauer, I. Harris, Ian Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkilä, A. Heil, A. Heim, Richard R. Hendricks, S. Hernández, Marieta Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu Peng Ben Holmes, R. M. Hu, Zeng Zhen Huang, Boyin Huelsing, Hannah K. Huffman, George J. Hughes, C. Hurst, Dale F. Ialongo, I. Ijampy, J. A. Ingvaldsen, R. B. Inness, Antje Isaksen, K. Ishii, Masayoshi Jevrejeva, Svetlana Jiménez, C. Jin, Xiangze Johannesen, E. John, Viju Johnsen, B. Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, Philip D. Joseph, Annie C. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kato, Seiji Kazemi, A. Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John Kerr, Kenneth Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, Mahbobeh Killick, Rachel Kim, Hyungjun Kim, S. J. Kimberlain, Todd B. Klotzbach, Philip J. Knaff, John A. Kobayashi, Shinya Kohler, J. Korhonen, Johanna Korshunova, Natalia N. Kovacs, K. M. Kramarova, Natalya Kratz, D. P. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kudela, Raphael Kumar, Arun Lakatos, M. Lakkala, K. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lantz, Kathleen Lazzara, Matthew A. Lemons, P. Leuliette, Eric L’Heureux, Michelle Lieser, Jan L. Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yinghui Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Lo Monaco, Claire Long, Craig S. López Álvarez, Luis Alfonso Lorrey, Andrew M. Loyola, Diego Lumpkin, Rick Luo, Jing Jia Luojus, K. Lydersen, C. Lyman, John M. Maberly, Stephen C. Maddux, Brent C. Malheiros Ramos, Andrea Malkova, G. V. Manney, G. Marcellin, Vernie Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, José A. Marra, John J. Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz Martens, B. Martínez-Güingla, Rodney Massom, Robert A. Mata, Mauricio M. Mathis, Jeremy T. May, Linda Mayer, Michael Mazloff, Matthew McBride, Charlotte McCabe, Matthew McCarthy, M. McClelland, J. W. McGree, Simon McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl A. Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Mekonnen, A. Menéndez, Melisa Mengistu Tsidu, G. Menzel, W. Paul Merchant, Christopher J. Meredith, Michael P. Merrifield, Mark A. Metzl, N. Minnis, Patrick Miralles, Diego G. Mistelbauer, T. Mitchum, Gary T. Monselesan, Didier Monteiro, Pedro Montzka, Stephen A. Morice, Colin Mote, T. Mudryk, L. Mühle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Nash, Eric R. Naveira-Garabato, Alberto C. Nerem, R. Steven Newman, Paul A. Nieto, Juan José Noetzli, Jeannette O’Neel, S. Osborn, Tim J. Overland, J. Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, Robert M. Park, E. Hyung Parker, David Parrington, M. Parsons, A. Rost Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo Paterson, Andrew M. Paulik, Christoph Pearce, Petra R. Pelto, Mauri S. Peng, Liang Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Perovich, D. Petropavlovskikh, Irina Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, David Pinty, Bernard Pitts, Michael C. Pons, M. R. Porter, Avalon O. Primicerio, R. Proshutinsky, A. Quegan, Sean Quintana, Juan Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Rajeevan, Madhavan Randriamarolaza, L. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James Reid, Phillip Reimer, Christoph Rémy, Samuel Renwick, James A. Revadekar, Jayashree V. Richter-Menge, J. Riffler, Michael Rimmer, Alon Rintoul, Steve Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Rodríguez Solís, José L. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Roth, Chris Rusak, James A. Sabine, Christopher L. Sallée, Jean Bapiste Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schemm, Jae Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Claudia Schmid, Martin, Eawag Schmidtko, Sunke Schreck, Carl J. Selkirk, H. B. Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Setzer, Alberto Sharp, M. Shaw, Adrian Shi, Lei Shiklomanov, A. I. Shiklomanov, Nikolai I. Siegel, David A. Signorini, Sergio R. Sima, Fatou Simmons, Adrian J. Smeets, C. J.P.P. Smith, Sharon L. Spence, Jaqueline M. Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stella, José L. Stengel, Martin Stennett-Brown, Roxann Stephenson, Tannecia S. Strahan, Susan Streletskiy, D. A. Sun-Mack, Sunny Swart, Sebastiaan Sweet, William Talley, Lynne D. Tamar, Gerard Tank, S. E. Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, M. Teubner, Katrin Thoman, R. L. Thompson, Philip Thomson, L. Timmermans, M. L. Timofeev, Maxim A. Tirnanes, Joaquin A. Tobin, Skie Trachte, Katja Trainer, Vera L. Tretiakov, M. Trewin, Blair C. Trotman, Adrian R. Tschudi, M. Van As, D. Van De Wal, R. S.W. van der A., Ronald J. Van Der Schalie, Robin Van Der Schrier, Gerard Van Der Werf, Guido R. Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. Velicogna, I. Verburg, Piet Vigneswaran, Bala Vincent, Lucie A. Volkov, Denis Vose, Russell S. Wagner, Wolfgang Wåhlin, Anna Wahr, J. Walsh, J. Wang, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, M. Wang, Sheng Hung Wanninkhof, Rik Watanabe, Shohei Weber, Mark Weller, Robert A. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Whitewood, Robert Wijffels, Susan E. Wilber, Anne C. Wild, Jeanette D. Willett, Kate M. Williams, Michael J.M. Willie, Shem Wolken, G. Wong, Takmeng Wood, E. F. Woolway, R. Iestyn Wouters, B. Xue, Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yim, So Young Yin, Xungang Young, Steven H. Yu, Lisan Zahid, H. Zambrano, Eduardo Zhang, Peiqun Zhao, Guanguo Zhou, Lin Ziemke, Jerry R. Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth Gilbert, Kristin Maycock, Tom Osborne, Susan Sprain, Mara Veasey, Sara W. Ambrose, Barbara J. Griffin, Jessicca Misch, Deborah J. Riddle, Deborah B. Young, Teresa |
spellingShingle |
Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Ackerman, Steven A. Adams, Nicolaus G. Adler, Robert F. Albanil, Adelina Alfaro, E. J. Allan, Rob Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Andreassen, L. M. Arendt, A. Arévalo, Juan Arndt, Derek S. Arzhanova, N. M. Aschan, M. M. Azorin-Molina, César Banzon, Viva Bardin, M. U. Barichivich, Jonathan Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Baxter, Stephen Bazo, Juan Becker, Andreas Bedka, Kristopher M. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Belmont, M. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, G. Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bettolli, María L. Bhatt, U. S. Bidegain, Mario Bill, Brian D. Billheimer, Sam Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Boudet, Dagne Box, J. E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Calderón, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka D. Cappelen, J. Carrasco, Gualberto Carter, Brendan R. Chambers, Don P. Chandler, Elise Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Daniel Chung, E. S. Cinque, Kathy Clem, Kyle R. Coelho, Caio A. Cogley, J. G. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Colwell, Steve Cooper, Owen R. Copland, L. Cosca, Catherine E. Cross, Jessica N. Crotwell, Molly J. Crouch, Jake Davis, Sean M. De Eyto, Elvira De Jeu, Richard A.M. De Laat, Jos Degasperi, Curtis L. Degenstein, Doug Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Destin, Dale Di Girolamo, Larry Di Giuseppe, F. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dokulil, Martin T. Dolgov, A. V. Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Donat, Markus G. Dong, Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Dortch, Quay Doucette, Greg Drozdov, D. S. Ducklow, Hugh Dunn, Robert J.H. Durán-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. Ebrahim, A. Elkharrim, M. Elkins, James W. Espinoza, Jhan C. Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl Evans, Thomas E. Famiglietti, James S. Farrell, S. Fateh, S. Fausto, Robert S. Fedaeff, Nava Feely, Richard A. Feng, Z. Fenimore, Chris Fettweis, X. Fioletov, Vitali E. Flemming, Johannes Fogarty, Chris T. Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Fonseca, C. Fossheim, M. Foster, Michael J. Fountain, Andrew Francis, S. D. Franz, Bryan A. Frey, Richard A. Frith, Stacey M. Froidevaux, Lucien Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Gerland, S. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Gomez, R. Sorbonne Goni, Gustavo Goto, A. Grooß, J. U. Gruber, Alexander Guard, Charles Chip Gugliemin, Mauro Gupta, S. K. Gutiérrez, J. M. Hagos, S. Hahn, Sebastian Haimberger, Leo Hakkarainen, J. Hall, Brad D. Halpert, Michael S. Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hanna, E. Hansen, K. Hanssen-Bauer, I. Harris, Ian Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkilä, A. Heil, A. Heim, Richard R. Hendricks, S. Hernández, Marieta Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu Peng Ben Holmes, R. M. Hu, Zeng Zhen Huang, Boyin Huelsing, Hannah K. Huffman, George J. Hughes, C. Hurst, Dale F. Ialongo, I. Ijampy, J. A. Ingvaldsen, R. B. Inness, Antje Isaksen, K. Ishii, Masayoshi Jevrejeva, Svetlana Jiménez, C. Jin, Xiangze Johannesen, E. John, Viju Johnsen, B. Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, Philip D. Joseph, Annie C. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kato, Seiji Kazemi, A. Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John Kerr, Kenneth Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, Mahbobeh Killick, Rachel Kim, Hyungjun Kim, S. J. Kimberlain, Todd B. Klotzbach, Philip J. Knaff, John A. Kobayashi, Shinya Kohler, J. Korhonen, Johanna Korshunova, Natalia N. Kovacs, K. M. Kramarova, Natalya Kratz, D. P. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kudela, Raphael Kumar, Arun Lakatos, M. Lakkala, K. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lantz, Kathleen Lazzara, Matthew A. Lemons, P. Leuliette, Eric L’Heureux, Michelle Lieser, Jan L. Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yinghui Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Lo Monaco, Claire Long, Craig S. López Álvarez, Luis Alfonso Lorrey, Andrew M. Loyola, Diego Lumpkin, Rick Luo, Jing Jia Luojus, K. Lydersen, C. Lyman, John M. Maberly, Stephen C. Maddux, Brent C. Malheiros Ramos, Andrea Malkova, G. V. Manney, G. Marcellin, Vernie Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, José A. Marra, John J. Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz Martens, B. Martínez-Güingla, Rodney Massom, Robert A. Mata, Mauricio M. Mathis, Jeremy T. May, Linda Mayer, Michael Mazloff, Matthew McBride, Charlotte McCabe, Matthew McCarthy, M. McClelland, J. W. McGree, Simon McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl A. Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Mekonnen, A. Menéndez, Melisa Mengistu Tsidu, G. Menzel, W. Paul Merchant, Christopher J. Meredith, Michael P. Merrifield, Mark A. Metzl, N. Minnis, Patrick Miralles, Diego G. Mistelbauer, T. Mitchum, Gary T. Monselesan, Didier Monteiro, Pedro Montzka, Stephen A. Morice, Colin Mote, T. Mudryk, L. Mühle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Nash, Eric R. Naveira-Garabato, Alberto C. Nerem, R. Steven Newman, Paul A. Nieto, Juan José Noetzli, Jeannette O’Neel, S. Osborn, Tim J. Overland, J. Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, Robert M. Park, E. Hyung Parker, David Parrington, M. Parsons, A. Rost Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo Paterson, Andrew M. Paulik, Christoph Pearce, Petra R. Pelto, Mauri S. Peng, Liang Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Perovich, D. Petropavlovskikh, Irina Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, David Pinty, Bernard Pitts, Michael C. Pons, M. R. Porter, Avalon O. Primicerio, R. Proshutinsky, A. Quegan, Sean Quintana, Juan Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Rajeevan, Madhavan Randriamarolaza, L. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James Reid, Phillip Reimer, Christoph Rémy, Samuel Renwick, James A. Revadekar, Jayashree V. Richter-Menge, J. Riffler, Michael Rimmer, Alon Rintoul, Steve Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Rodríguez Solís, José L. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Roth, Chris Rusak, James A. Sabine, Christopher L. Sallée, Jean Bapiste Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schemm, Jae Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Claudia Schmid, Martin, Eawag Schmidtko, Sunke Schreck, Carl J. Selkirk, H. B. Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Setzer, Alberto Sharp, M. Shaw, Adrian Shi, Lei Shiklomanov, A. I. Shiklomanov, Nikolai I. Siegel, David A. Signorini, Sergio R. Sima, Fatou Simmons, Adrian J. Smeets, C. J.P.P. Smith, Sharon L. Spence, Jaqueline M. Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stella, José L. Stengel, Martin Stennett-Brown, Roxann Stephenson, Tannecia S. Strahan, Susan Streletskiy, D. A. Sun-Mack, Sunny Swart, Sebastiaan Sweet, William Talley, Lynne D. Tamar, Gerard Tank, S. E. Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, M. Teubner, Katrin Thoman, R. L. Thompson, Philip Thomson, L. Timmermans, M. L. Timofeev, Maxim A. Tirnanes, Joaquin A. Tobin, Skie Trachte, Katja Trainer, Vera L. Tretiakov, M. Trewin, Blair C. Trotman, Adrian R. Tschudi, M. Van As, D. Van De Wal, R. S.W. van der A., Ronald J. Van Der Schalie, Robin Van Der Schrier, Gerard Van Der Werf, Guido R. Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. Velicogna, I. Verburg, Piet Vigneswaran, Bala Vincent, Lucie A. Volkov, Denis Vose, Russell S. Wagner, Wolfgang Wåhlin, Anna Wahr, J. Walsh, J. Wang, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, M. Wang, Sheng Hung Wanninkhof, Rik Watanabe, Shohei Weber, Mark Weller, Robert A. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Whitewood, Robert Wijffels, Susan E. Wilber, Anne C. Wild, Jeanette D. Willett, Kate M. Williams, Michael J.M. Willie, Shem Wolken, G. Wong, Takmeng Wood, E. F. Woolway, R. Iestyn Wouters, B. Xue, Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yim, So Young Yin, Xungang Young, Steven H. Yu, Lisan Zahid, H. Zambrano, Eduardo Zhang, Peiqun Zhao, Guanguo Zhou, Lin Ziemke, Jerry R. Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth Gilbert, Kristin Maycock, Tom Osborne, Susan Sprain, Mara Veasey, Sara W. Ambrose, Barbara J. Griffin, Jessicca Misch, Deborah J. Riddle, Deborah B. Young, Teresa State of the climate in 2016 |
author_facet |
Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Ackerman, Steven A. Adams, Nicolaus G. Adler, Robert F. Albanil, Adelina Alfaro, E. J. Allan, Rob Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Andreassen, L. M. Arendt, A. Arévalo, Juan Arndt, Derek S. Arzhanova, N. M. Aschan, M. M. Azorin-Molina, César Banzon, Viva Bardin, M. U. Barichivich, Jonathan Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Baxter, Stephen Bazo, Juan Becker, Andreas Bedka, Kristopher M. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Belmont, M. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, G. Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bettolli, María L. Bhatt, U. S. Bidegain, Mario Bill, Brian D. Billheimer, Sam Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Boudet, Dagne Box, J. E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Calderón, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka D. Cappelen, J. Carrasco, Gualberto Carter, Brendan R. Chambers, Don P. Chandler, Elise Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Daniel Chung, E. S. Cinque, Kathy Clem, Kyle R. Coelho, Caio A. Cogley, J. G. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Colwell, Steve Cooper, Owen R. Copland, L. Cosca, Catherine E. Cross, Jessica N. Crotwell, Molly J. Crouch, Jake Davis, Sean M. De Eyto, Elvira De Jeu, Richard A.M. De Laat, Jos Degasperi, Curtis L. Degenstein, Doug Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Destin, Dale Di Girolamo, Larry Di Giuseppe, F. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dokulil, Martin T. Dolgov, A. V. Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Donat, Markus G. Dong, Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Dortch, Quay Doucette, Greg Drozdov, D. S. Ducklow, Hugh Dunn, Robert J.H. Durán-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. Ebrahim, A. Elkharrim, M. Elkins, James W. Espinoza, Jhan C. Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl Evans, Thomas E. Famiglietti, James S. Farrell, S. Fateh, S. Fausto, Robert S. Fedaeff, Nava Feely, Richard A. Feng, Z. Fenimore, Chris Fettweis, X. Fioletov, Vitali E. Flemming, Johannes Fogarty, Chris T. Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Fonseca, C. Fossheim, M. Foster, Michael J. Fountain, Andrew Francis, S. D. Franz, Bryan A. Frey, Richard A. Frith, Stacey M. Froidevaux, Lucien Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Gerland, S. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Gomez, R. Sorbonne Goni, Gustavo Goto, A. Grooß, J. U. Gruber, Alexander Guard, Charles Chip Gugliemin, Mauro Gupta, S. K. Gutiérrez, J. M. Hagos, S. Hahn, Sebastian Haimberger, Leo Hakkarainen, J. Hall, Brad D. Halpert, Michael S. Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hanna, E. Hansen, K. Hanssen-Bauer, I. Harris, Ian Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkilä, A. Heil, A. Heim, Richard R. Hendricks, S. Hernández, Marieta Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu Peng Ben Holmes, R. M. Hu, Zeng Zhen Huang, Boyin Huelsing, Hannah K. Huffman, George J. Hughes, C. Hurst, Dale F. Ialongo, I. Ijampy, J. A. Ingvaldsen, R. B. Inness, Antje Isaksen, K. Ishii, Masayoshi Jevrejeva, Svetlana Jiménez, C. Jin, Xiangze Johannesen, E. John, Viju Johnsen, B. Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, Philip D. Joseph, Annie C. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kato, Seiji Kazemi, A. Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John Kerr, Kenneth Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, Mahbobeh Killick, Rachel Kim, Hyungjun Kim, S. J. Kimberlain, Todd B. Klotzbach, Philip J. Knaff, John A. Kobayashi, Shinya Kohler, J. Korhonen, Johanna Korshunova, Natalia N. Kovacs, K. M. Kramarova, Natalya Kratz, D. P. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kudela, Raphael Kumar, Arun Lakatos, M. Lakkala, K. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lantz, Kathleen Lazzara, Matthew A. Lemons, P. Leuliette, Eric L’Heureux, Michelle Lieser, Jan L. Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yinghui Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Lo Monaco, Claire Long, Craig S. López Álvarez, Luis Alfonso Lorrey, Andrew M. Loyola, Diego Lumpkin, Rick Luo, Jing Jia Luojus, K. Lydersen, C. Lyman, John M. Maberly, Stephen C. Maddux, Brent C. Malheiros Ramos, Andrea Malkova, G. V. Manney, G. Marcellin, Vernie Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, José A. Marra, John J. Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz Martens, B. Martínez-Güingla, Rodney Massom, Robert A. Mata, Mauricio M. Mathis, Jeremy T. May, Linda Mayer, Michael Mazloff, Matthew McBride, Charlotte McCabe, Matthew McCarthy, M. McClelland, J. W. McGree, Simon McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl A. Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Mekonnen, A. Menéndez, Melisa Mengistu Tsidu, G. Menzel, W. Paul Merchant, Christopher J. Meredith, Michael P. Merrifield, Mark A. Metzl, N. Minnis, Patrick Miralles, Diego G. Mistelbauer, T. Mitchum, Gary T. Monselesan, Didier Monteiro, Pedro Montzka, Stephen A. Morice, Colin Mote, T. Mudryk, L. Mühle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Nash, Eric R. Naveira-Garabato, Alberto C. Nerem, R. Steven Newman, Paul A. Nieto, Juan José Noetzli, Jeannette O’Neel, S. Osborn, Tim J. Overland, J. Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, Robert M. Park, E. Hyung Parker, David Parrington, M. Parsons, A. Rost Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo Paterson, Andrew M. Paulik, Christoph Pearce, Petra R. Pelto, Mauri S. Peng, Liang Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Perovich, D. Petropavlovskikh, Irina Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, David Pinty, Bernard Pitts, Michael C. Pons, M. R. Porter, Avalon O. Primicerio, R. Proshutinsky, A. Quegan, Sean Quintana, Juan Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Rajeevan, Madhavan Randriamarolaza, L. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James Reid, Phillip Reimer, Christoph Rémy, Samuel Renwick, James A. Revadekar, Jayashree V. Richter-Menge, J. Riffler, Michael Rimmer, Alon Rintoul, Steve Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Rodríguez Solís, José L. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Roth, Chris Rusak, James A. Sabine, Christopher L. Sallée, Jean Bapiste Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schemm, Jae Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Claudia Schmid, Martin, Eawag Schmidtko, Sunke Schreck, Carl J. Selkirk, H. B. Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Setzer, Alberto Sharp, M. Shaw, Adrian Shi, Lei Shiklomanov, A. I. Shiklomanov, Nikolai I. Siegel, David A. Signorini, Sergio R. Sima, Fatou Simmons, Adrian J. Smeets, C. J.P.P. Smith, Sharon L. Spence, Jaqueline M. Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stella, José L. Stengel, Martin Stennett-Brown, Roxann Stephenson, Tannecia S. Strahan, Susan Streletskiy, D. A. Sun-Mack, Sunny Swart, Sebastiaan Sweet, William Talley, Lynne D. Tamar, Gerard Tank, S. E. Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, M. Teubner, Katrin Thoman, R. L. Thompson, Philip Thomson, L. Timmermans, M. L. Timofeev, Maxim A. Tirnanes, Joaquin A. Tobin, Skie Trachte, Katja Trainer, Vera L. Tretiakov, M. Trewin, Blair C. Trotman, Adrian R. Tschudi, M. Van As, D. Van De Wal, R. S.W. van der A., Ronald J. Van Der Schalie, Robin Van Der Schrier, Gerard Van Der Werf, Guido R. Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. Velicogna, I. Verburg, Piet Vigneswaran, Bala Vincent, Lucie A. Volkov, Denis Vose, Russell S. Wagner, Wolfgang Wåhlin, Anna Wahr, J. Walsh, J. Wang, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, M. Wang, Sheng Hung Wanninkhof, Rik Watanabe, Shohei Weber, Mark Weller, Robert A. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Whitewood, Robert Wijffels, Susan E. Wilber, Anne C. Wild, Jeanette D. Willett, Kate M. Williams, Michael J.M. Willie, Shem Wolken, G. Wong, Takmeng Wood, E. F. Woolway, R. Iestyn Wouters, B. Xue, Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yim, So Young Yin, Xungang Young, Steven H. Yu, Lisan Zahid, H. Zambrano, Eduardo Zhang, Peiqun Zhao, Guanguo Zhou, Lin Ziemke, Jerry R. Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth Gilbert, Kristin Maycock, Tom Osborne, Susan Sprain, Mara Veasey, Sara W. Ambrose, Barbara J. Griffin, Jessicca Misch, Deborah J. Riddle, Deborah B. Young, Teresa |
author_sort |
Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. |
title |
State of the climate in 2016 |
title_short |
State of the climate in 2016 |
title_full |
State of the climate in 2016 |
title_fullStr |
State of the climate in 2016 |
title_full_unstemmed |
State of the climate in 2016 |
title_sort |
state of the climate in 2016 |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/656672 https://doi.org/10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |
geographic |
Arctic Indian |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Indian |
genre |
Arctic ice core Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic ice core Sea ice |
op_relation |
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 Blunden, J., & Arndt, D. S. (2017). State of the Climate in 2016. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 98(8), Si–S280. doi:10.1175/2017bamsstateoftheclimate.1 doi:10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society http://hdl.handle.net/10754/656672 |
op_rights |
© Copyright 2017 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or copyrights@ametsoc.org. 2018-02-01 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |
container_title |
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
98 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
Si |
op_container_end_page |
S280 |
_version_ |
1784264272568647680 |
spelling |
ftkingabdullahun:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/656672 2023-12-03T10:17:19+01:00 State of the climate in 2016 Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Ackerman, Steven A. Adams, Nicolaus G. Adler, Robert F. Albanil, Adelina Alfaro, E. J. Allan, Rob Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Andreassen, L. M. Arendt, A. Arévalo, Juan Arndt, Derek S. Arzhanova, N. M. Aschan, M. M. Azorin-Molina, César Banzon, Viva Bardin, M. U. Barichivich, Jonathan Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Baxter, Stephen Bazo, Juan Becker, Andreas Bedka, Kristopher M. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Belmont, M. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, G. Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bettolli, María L. Bhatt, U. S. Bidegain, Mario Bill, Brian D. Billheimer, Sam Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Boudet, Dagne Box, J. E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Calderón, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka D. Cappelen, J. Carrasco, Gualberto Carter, Brendan R. Chambers, Don P. Chandler, Elise Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Daniel Chung, E. S. Cinque, Kathy Clem, Kyle R. Coelho, Caio A. Cogley, J. G. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Colwell, Steve Cooper, Owen R. Copland, L. Cosca, Catherine E. Cross, Jessica N. Crotwell, Molly J. Crouch, Jake Davis, Sean M. De Eyto, Elvira De Jeu, Richard A.M. De Laat, Jos Degasperi, Curtis L. Degenstein, Doug Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Destin, Dale Di Girolamo, Larry Di Giuseppe, F. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dokulil, Martin T. Dolgov, A. V. Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Donat, Markus G. Dong, Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Dortch, Quay Doucette, Greg Drozdov, D. S. Ducklow, Hugh Dunn, Robert J.H. Durán-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. Ebrahim, A. Elkharrim, M. Elkins, James W. Espinoza, Jhan C. Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl Evans, Thomas E. Famiglietti, James S. Farrell, S. Fateh, S. Fausto, Robert S. Fedaeff, Nava Feely, Richard A. Feng, Z. Fenimore, Chris Fettweis, X. Fioletov, Vitali E. Flemming, Johannes Fogarty, Chris T. Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Fonseca, C. Fossheim, M. Foster, Michael J. Fountain, Andrew Francis, S. D. Franz, Bryan A. Frey, Richard A. Frith, Stacey M. Froidevaux, Lucien Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Gerland, S. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Gomez, R. Sorbonne Goni, Gustavo Goto, A. Grooß, J. U. Gruber, Alexander Guard, Charles Chip Gugliemin, Mauro Gupta, S. K. Gutiérrez, J. M. Hagos, S. Hahn, Sebastian Haimberger, Leo Hakkarainen, J. Hall, Brad D. Halpert, Michael S. Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hanna, E. Hansen, K. Hanssen-Bauer, I. Harris, Ian Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkilä, A. Heil, A. Heim, Richard R. Hendricks, S. Hernández, Marieta Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu Peng Ben Holmes, R. M. Hu, Zeng Zhen Huang, Boyin Huelsing, Hannah K. Huffman, George J. Hughes, C. Hurst, Dale F. Ialongo, I. Ijampy, J. A. Ingvaldsen, R. B. Inness, Antje Isaksen, K. Ishii, Masayoshi Jevrejeva, Svetlana Jiménez, C. Jin, Xiangze Johannesen, E. John, Viju Johnsen, B. Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, Philip D. Joseph, Annie C. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kato, Seiji Kazemi, A. Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John Kerr, Kenneth Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, Mahbobeh Killick, Rachel Kim, Hyungjun Kim, S. J. Kimberlain, Todd B. Klotzbach, Philip J. Knaff, John A. Kobayashi, Shinya Kohler, J. Korhonen, Johanna Korshunova, Natalia N. Kovacs, K. M. Kramarova, Natalya Kratz, D. P. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kudela, Raphael Kumar, Arun Lakatos, M. Lakkala, K. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lantz, Kathleen Lazzara, Matthew A. Lemons, P. Leuliette, Eric L’Heureux, Michelle Lieser, Jan L. Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yinghui Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Lo Monaco, Claire Long, Craig S. López Álvarez, Luis Alfonso Lorrey, Andrew M. Loyola, Diego Lumpkin, Rick Luo, Jing Jia Luojus, K. Lydersen, C. Lyman, John M. Maberly, Stephen C. Maddux, Brent C. Malheiros Ramos, Andrea Malkova, G. V. Manney, G. Marcellin, Vernie Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, José A. Marra, John J. Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz Martens, B. Martínez-Güingla, Rodney Massom, Robert A. Mata, Mauricio M. Mathis, Jeremy T. May, Linda Mayer, Michael Mazloff, Matthew McBride, Charlotte McCabe, Matthew McCarthy, M. McClelland, J. W. McGree, Simon McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl A. Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Mekonnen, A. Menéndez, Melisa Mengistu Tsidu, G. Menzel, W. Paul Merchant, Christopher J. Meredith, Michael P. Merrifield, Mark A. Metzl, N. Minnis, Patrick Miralles, Diego G. Mistelbauer, T. Mitchum, Gary T. Monselesan, Didier Monteiro, Pedro Montzka, Stephen A. Morice, Colin Mote, T. Mudryk, L. Mühle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Nash, Eric R. Naveira-Garabato, Alberto C. Nerem, R. Steven Newman, Paul A. Nieto, Juan José Noetzli, Jeannette O’Neel, S. Osborn, Tim J. Overland, J. Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, Robert M. Park, E. Hyung Parker, David Parrington, M. Parsons, A. Rost Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo Paterson, Andrew M. Paulik, Christoph Pearce, Petra R. Pelto, Mauri S. Peng, Liang Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Perovich, D. Petropavlovskikh, Irina Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, David Pinty, Bernard Pitts, Michael C. Pons, M. R. Porter, Avalon O. Primicerio, R. Proshutinsky, A. Quegan, Sean Quintana, Juan Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Rajeevan, Madhavan Randriamarolaza, L. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James Reid, Phillip Reimer, Christoph Rémy, Samuel Renwick, James A. Revadekar, Jayashree V. Richter-Menge, J. Riffler, Michael Rimmer, Alon Rintoul, Steve Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Rodríguez Solís, José L. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Roth, Chris Rusak, James A. Sabine, Christopher L. Sallée, Jean Bapiste Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schemm, Jae Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Claudia Schmid, Martin, Eawag Schmidtko, Sunke Schreck, Carl J. Selkirk, H. B. Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Setzer, Alberto Sharp, M. Shaw, Adrian Shi, Lei Shiklomanov, A. I. Shiklomanov, Nikolai I. Siegel, David A. Signorini, Sergio R. Sima, Fatou Simmons, Adrian J. Smeets, C. J.P.P. Smith, Sharon L. Spence, Jaqueline M. Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stella, José L. Stengel, Martin Stennett-Brown, Roxann Stephenson, Tannecia S. Strahan, Susan Streletskiy, D. A. Sun-Mack, Sunny Swart, Sebastiaan Sweet, William Talley, Lynne D. Tamar, Gerard Tank, S. E. Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, M. Teubner, Katrin Thoman, R. L. Thompson, Philip Thomson, L. Timmermans, M. L. Timofeev, Maxim A. Tirnanes, Joaquin A. Tobin, Skie Trachte, Katja Trainer, Vera L. Tretiakov, M. Trewin, Blair C. Trotman, Adrian R. Tschudi, M. Van As, D. Van De Wal, R. S.W. van der A., Ronald J. Van Der Schalie, Robin Van Der Schrier, Gerard Van Der Werf, Guido R. Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. Velicogna, I. Verburg, Piet Vigneswaran, Bala Vincent, Lucie A. Volkov, Denis Vose, Russell S. Wagner, Wolfgang Wåhlin, Anna Wahr, J. Walsh, J. Wang, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, M. Wang, Sheng Hung Wanninkhof, Rik Watanabe, Shohei Weber, Mark Weller, Robert A. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Whitewood, Robert Wijffels, Susan E. Wilber, Anne C. Wild, Jeanette D. Willett, Kate M. Williams, Michael J.M. Willie, Shem Wolken, G. Wong, Takmeng Wood, E. F. Woolway, R. Iestyn Wouters, B. Xue, Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yim, So Young Yin, Xungang Young, Steven H. Yu, Lisan Zahid, H. Zambrano, Eduardo Zhang, Peiqun Zhao, Guanguo Zhou, Lin Ziemke, Jerry R. Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth Gilbert, Kristin Maycock, Tom Osborne, Susan Sprain, Mara Veasey, Sara W. Ambrose, Barbara J. Griffin, Jessicca Misch, Deborah J. Riddle, Deborah B. Young, Teresa Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division Environmental Science and Engineering Program Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC) Trinidad & Tobago Meteorological Service, Piarco, Trinidad and Tobago CIMSS, University of Wisconsin– Madison, Madison, WI, United States NOAA/NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, United States Earth System Sciences Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States National Meteorological Service of Mexico, Mexico Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom Centro de Ciencias do Sistema Terrestre, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Section for Glaciers, Ice and Snow, Oslo, Norway Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, NC, United States Russian Institute for Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk, Russian Federation UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain Islamic Republic of Iranian Meteorological Organization, Iran Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Chile NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service, Buenos Aires, Argentina NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Perú, Lima, Peru Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States Seychelles National Meteorological Services, Pointe Larue, Mahé, Seychelles European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom Biospherical Instruments, San Diego, CA, United States National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom Departamento Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States Instituto Uruguayo de Meteorologia, Montevideo, Uruguay Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States Deutscher Wetterdienst, WMO RA VI Regional Climate Centre Network, Offenbach, Germany NOAA/NWS National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL, United States Global Modelling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS/UPMC, Paris, France Climate Center, Institute of Meteorology of Cuba, Cuba Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, MD, United States WMO Atmospheric Environment Research Division, Geneva, Switzerland Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Center for Geophysical Research, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States Department of Physics, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark 2017-09-06 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10754/656672 https://doi.org/10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 unknown American Meteorological Society http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 Blunden, J., & Arndt, D. S. (2017). State of the Climate in 2016. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 98(8), Si–S280. doi:10.1175/2017bamsstateoftheclimate.1 doi:10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society http://hdl.handle.net/10754/656672 © Copyright 2017 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or copyrights@ametsoc.org. 2018-02-01 Report 2017 ftkingabdullahun https://doi.org/10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 2023-11-04T20:24:08Z In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 ± 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 ± 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Niño events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Niña evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Niño conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44°C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0°C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8°C, representing a 3.5°C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the ... Report Arctic ice core Sea ice King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository Arctic Indian Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98 8 Si S280 |