Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries
The shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding of the effects of diking at the surface is limited, especially on the long term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study the upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. We inse...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10754/581514 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 |
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ftkingabdullahun:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/581514 2023-12-31T10:08:16+01:00 Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries Trippanera, D. Ruch, Joel Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division Science Department; Roma Tre University; Rome Italy Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam; Potsdam Germany 2015-10-22 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10754/581514 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 en eng American Geophysical Union (AGU) http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JB011850 Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries 2015:n/a Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth doi:10.1002/2014JB011850 21699313 Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth http://hdl.handle.net/10754/581514 Archived with thanks to Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth dike swarm surface deformation divergent plate boundaries analogue models Article 2015 ftkingabdullahun https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 2023-12-02T20:18:33Z The shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding of the effects of diking at the surface is limited, especially on the long term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study the upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. We insert metal plates within cohesive sand with three setups: in setup A, the intrusion rises upward with constant thickness and in setups B and C, the intrusion thickens at a fixed depth, with final rectangular (setup B) or triangular (setup C) shape in section. Setup A creates a doming delimited by reverse faults, with secondary apical graben, without close correspondence in nature. In setups B and C, a depression flanked by two uplifted areas is bordered by inward dipping normal faults propagating downward and, for deeper intrusions in setup B, also by inner faults, reverse at the surface; this deformation is similar to what is observed in nature, suggesting a consistent physical behavior. Dikes in nature initially propagate developing a mode I fracture at the tip, subsequently thickened by magma intrusion, without any host rock translation in the propagation direction (as in setup A). The deformation pattern in setups B and C depends on the intrusion depth and thickness, consistently to what is observed along divergent plate boundaries. The early deformation in setups B and C is similar to that from a single rifting episode (i.e., Lakagigar, Iceland, and Dabbahu, Afar), whereas the late stages resemble the structure of mature rifts (i.e., Krafla, Iceland), confirming diking as a major process in shaping divergent plate boundaries. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 120 10 6913 6942 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftkingabdullahun |
language |
English |
topic |
dike swarm surface deformation divergent plate boundaries analogue models |
spellingShingle |
dike swarm surface deformation divergent plate boundaries analogue models Trippanera, D. Ruch, Joel Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
topic_facet |
dike swarm surface deformation divergent plate boundaries analogue models |
description |
The shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding of the effects of diking at the surface is limited, especially on the long term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study the upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. We insert metal plates within cohesive sand with three setups: in setup A, the intrusion rises upward with constant thickness and in setups B and C, the intrusion thickens at a fixed depth, with final rectangular (setup B) or triangular (setup C) shape in section. Setup A creates a doming delimited by reverse faults, with secondary apical graben, without close correspondence in nature. In setups B and C, a depression flanked by two uplifted areas is bordered by inward dipping normal faults propagating downward and, for deeper intrusions in setup B, also by inner faults, reverse at the surface; this deformation is similar to what is observed in nature, suggesting a consistent physical behavior. Dikes in nature initially propagate developing a mode I fracture at the tip, subsequently thickened by magma intrusion, without any host rock translation in the propagation direction (as in setup A). The deformation pattern in setups B and C depends on the intrusion depth and thickness, consistently to what is observed along divergent plate boundaries. The early deformation in setups B and C is similar to that from a single rifting episode (i.e., Lakagigar, Iceland, and Dabbahu, Afar), whereas the late stages resemble the structure of mature rifts (i.e., Krafla, Iceland), confirming diking as a major process in shaping divergent plate boundaries. |
author2 |
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division Science Department; Roma Tre University; Rome Italy Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam; Potsdam Germany |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Trippanera, D. Ruch, Joel Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. |
author_facet |
Trippanera, D. Ruch, Joel Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. |
author_sort |
Trippanera, D. |
title |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_short |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_full |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_fullStr |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_sort |
experiments of dike-induced deformation: insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/581514 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JB011850 Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries 2015:n/a Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth doi:10.1002/2014JB011850 21699313 Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth http://hdl.handle.net/10754/581514 |
op_rights |
Archived with thanks to Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
container_volume |
120 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
6913 |
op_container_end_page |
6942 |
_version_ |
1786840921050972160 |