Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS
In North Iceland, extensional plate motion is accommodated by the Northern Volcanic Zone, a set of en-echelon volcanic systems, and the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, a transform offset in the mid-Atlantic Ridge consisting of two parallel transform lineaments. The southern lineament, the Húsavík–Flatey faul...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10754/556725 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027 |
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ftkingabdullahun:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/556725 2023-12-31T10:07:49+01:00 Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS Metzger, Sabrina Jonsson, Sigurjon Crustal Deformation and InSAR Group Earth Science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 2014-08-20 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10754/556725 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027 unknown Elsevier BV http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040195114004077 Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS 2014, 634:127 Tectonophysics doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027 00401951 Tectonophysics http://hdl.handle.net/10754/556725 NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Tectonophysics. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Tectonophysics, 20 August 2014. DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027 InSAR Time-series analysis Interseismic deformation Transform faults Kinematics of crustal and mantle deformation Northern Volcanic Zone Article 2014 ftkingabdullahun https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027 2023-12-02T20:22:11Z In North Iceland, extensional plate motion is accommodated by the Northern Volcanic Zone, a set of en-echelon volcanic systems, and the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, a transform offset in the mid-Atlantic Ridge consisting of two parallel transform lineaments. The southern lineament, the Húsavík–Flatey fault, is a 100 km-long right-lateral strike slip fault that has not ruptured for more than 140 years and poses a significant seismic hazard to Húsavík, a fishing town located by the fault, and to other coastal communities. We present results of InSAR time-series analysis data spanning almost two decades (1992–2009) that show extensional and interseismic deformation within the Northern Volcanic Zone and the on-shore part of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone. The results also exhibit transient inflation at Theistareykir volcano, deflation at Krafla central volcano and a broad uplift north of Krafla. The current plate extension is not uniform across the Northern Volcanic Zone, but concentrated at the western fissures of the Theistareykir volcanic system and the outermost fissures of the Krafla fissure swarm. We combine a back-slip plate boundary model with a set of point pressure sources representing volcanic changes to describe the current extensional plate boundary deformation and update the previous estimations of the locking depth and slip rate of the Húsavík–Flatey fault that were based on GPS data alone. Using different combinations of input data, we find that the Húsavík–Flatey fault has a locking depth of 6–10 km and, with a slip rate of 6–9 mm/yr, is accommodating about a third of the full transform motion. We furthermore show that while the InSAR data provide important constraints on the volcanic deformation within the NVZ, they do not significantly improve the model parameter estimation for the HFF, as the dense GPS network appears to better capture the deformation across the fault. Article in Journal/Newspaper Húsavík Iceland Flatey King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository Tectonophysics 634 127 138 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology: KAUST Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftkingabdullahun |
language |
unknown |
topic |
InSAR Time-series analysis Interseismic deformation Transform faults Kinematics of crustal and mantle deformation Northern Volcanic Zone |
spellingShingle |
InSAR Time-series analysis Interseismic deformation Transform faults Kinematics of crustal and mantle deformation Northern Volcanic Zone Metzger, Sabrina Jonsson, Sigurjon Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS |
topic_facet |
InSAR Time-series analysis Interseismic deformation Transform faults Kinematics of crustal and mantle deformation Northern Volcanic Zone |
description |
In North Iceland, extensional plate motion is accommodated by the Northern Volcanic Zone, a set of en-echelon volcanic systems, and the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, a transform offset in the mid-Atlantic Ridge consisting of two parallel transform lineaments. The southern lineament, the Húsavík–Flatey fault, is a 100 km-long right-lateral strike slip fault that has not ruptured for more than 140 years and poses a significant seismic hazard to Húsavík, a fishing town located by the fault, and to other coastal communities. We present results of InSAR time-series analysis data spanning almost two decades (1992–2009) that show extensional and interseismic deformation within the Northern Volcanic Zone and the on-shore part of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone. The results also exhibit transient inflation at Theistareykir volcano, deflation at Krafla central volcano and a broad uplift north of Krafla. The current plate extension is not uniform across the Northern Volcanic Zone, but concentrated at the western fissures of the Theistareykir volcanic system and the outermost fissures of the Krafla fissure swarm. We combine a back-slip plate boundary model with a set of point pressure sources representing volcanic changes to describe the current extensional plate boundary deformation and update the previous estimations of the locking depth and slip rate of the Húsavík–Flatey fault that were based on GPS data alone. Using different combinations of input data, we find that the Húsavík–Flatey fault has a locking depth of 6–10 km and, with a slip rate of 6–9 mm/yr, is accommodating about a third of the full transform motion. We furthermore show that while the InSAR data provide important constraints on the volcanic deformation within the NVZ, they do not significantly improve the model parameter estimation for the HFF, as the dense GPS network appears to better capture the deformation across the fault. |
author2 |
Crustal Deformation and InSAR Group Earth Science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Metzger, Sabrina Jonsson, Sigurjon |
author_facet |
Metzger, Sabrina Jonsson, Sigurjon |
author_sort |
Metzger, Sabrina |
title |
Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS |
title_short |
Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS |
title_full |
Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS |
title_fullStr |
Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS |
title_full_unstemmed |
Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS |
title_sort |
plate boundary deformation in north iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by insar time-series analysis and gps |
publisher |
Elsevier BV |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/556725 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027 |
genre |
Húsavík Iceland Flatey |
genre_facet |
Húsavík Iceland Flatey |
op_relation |
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040195114004077 Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS 2014, 634:127 Tectonophysics doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027 00401951 Tectonophysics http://hdl.handle.net/10754/556725 |
op_rights |
NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Tectonophysics. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Tectonophysics, 20 August 2014. DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027 |
container_title |
Tectonophysics |
container_volume |
634 |
container_start_page |
127 |
op_container_end_page |
138 |
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1786840332096241664 |