The trade in mammoth ivory: its role in the illegal trade in elephant ivory

• Main Author: Nash, George
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: QH Natural history; QH75 Conservation (Biology); permafrost
• Online Access: https://kar.kent.ac.uk/95670/; https://kar.kent.ac.uk/95670/1/222The_trade_in_mammoth_ivory_its_role_in_the_illegal_trade_in_elephant_ivory.pd.pdf; https://doi.org/10.22024/UniKent/01.02.95670

The mammoth ivory trade is a growing and prominent trade of a wildlife product due to the ever-melting Siberian permafrost and has recently been regularly linked to the elephant ivory trade. The link to the elephant ivory trade has caused conservationists and organisations to pay attention to the trade and led to the proposal of listing the woolly mammoth on CITES Appendix II by Israel at the seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES. This proposal has led to further discussion of the mammoth ivory trade during future meeting and eventually the proposal was rejected by CITES parties, however, the commission of a study investigating the effect of mammoth ivory on elephant ivory was of great importance. This study aims to; explore the mammoth ivory trade and its links to the trade in elephant ivory; where is the trade occurring? Is the trade increasing, what regulations are in place? Does the mammoth ivory trade overlap with the elephant ivory trade? What is the price of mammoth ivory and does it have a relationship with elephant ivory prices? Is mammoth ivory promoting the illegal trade and laundering of elephant ivory? To what extent can elephant ivory be sold as mammoth ivory? And, Should the woolly mammoth be listed on CITES Appendix II? These questions are investigated in Chapter 2 by carrying out a systematic evidence review on seven different search engines; Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Microsoft Academic, World Wide Science, Science and JSTOR, using seven search terms; "Mammoth ivory" AND "trade", "Mammoth" AND "elephant poaching", "Mammoth" AND "illegal trade", "Mammoth ivory" AND "elephant ivory", "Elephant ivory" AND "drivers", "Mammoth" AND "illegal ivory" and "Mammoth ivory" AND "demand". To fill gaps in knowledge left by the systematic evidence review questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted in Chapter 3. After sending a total of 1050 emails to 317 individuals, academics, non-governmental organisations, governmental organisation, and law enforcement ...