Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour
Salmonids are among the most famous and economically important migrating organisms, but unfortunately also often endangered because of multiple human activities. As many other salmonids, brown trout exhibits diverse life history types related to migration strategies. Resident brown trout stay in riv...
Published in: | Proceedings of the 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Open Science Centre, University of Jyväskylä
2018
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107521 http://urn.fi/ |
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ftjyvaeskylaenun:oai:jyx.jyu.fi:123456789/61956 |
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Open Polar |
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JYX - Jyväskylä University Digital Archive |
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ftjyvaeskylaenun |
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English |
description |
Salmonids are among the most famous and economically important migrating organisms, but unfortunately also often endangered because of multiple human activities. As many other salmonids, brown trout exhibits diverse life history types related to migration strategies. Resident brown trout stay in rivers for their entire life. In contrast, migratory trout undergo a physiological and morphological transformation called smoltification before leaving their natal rivers to enter either sea, lakes or larger river sections. While the phenotypic variation between resident and migratory ecotypes is well documented, little is known about the intraspecific genetic variation associated with these different life history strategies. For management and conservation purposes, understanding the mechanisms behind migratory behavior is a necessity. To investigate the genetic causes and consequences of the life-history dichotomy in brown trout, we used RAD-sequencing to obtain thousands of SNPs used in two distinct studies. First, we focused on the boreal River Koutajoki watershed to understand the genetic structuring of natural populations in relation to different life histories (Lemopoulos et al. 2018). We sampled eleven sites: three main stems (one with two sections) with migratory trout and seven tributaries with assumedly resident trout. We found that the genome-wide patterns associated with life-histories. Tributary fish represented isolated unique genomic patterns that most likely had arisen because of residency, and main stem fish were more admixed and had higher heterozygosity indicating history of migrations and occasional spawning in neighboring rivers. Second, we compared pairs of resident – migratory populations to identify potential candidate genes associated with migratory behavior. We focused on the Koutajoki watershed and complemented the study using populations from the River Oulujoki watershed. We combined different genome-scans approaches and found in total eight SNP outliers that associated with migratory behavior. We revealed, for the first time, candidate genes linked to life-history dichotomy in brown trout. Using the Atlantic salmon genome, we identified putative functions of these SNPs. Among them, we found genes involved in osmoregulation processes as well as cadherins, glutamates and zinc-fingers genes. These three gene families are involved in migratory behavior of other salmonids, indicating a potential common set of genes associated with salmonid migrations. Our results suggest that migratory behavior in brown trout plays a major evolutionary role in shaping natural populations. They also suggest that there is significant genetic basis for the migratory tendency in brown trout. These results bear significant implications for conservation: unintended mixing of resident and migratory fish due to stockings should be avoided, and migratory stocks must be conserved independently as there are no other stocks that could replace them when lost peerReviewed |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lemopoulos, Alexandre Uusi-Heikkilä, Silva Vasemägi, Anti Huusko, Ari Kokko, Harri Vainikka, Anssi |
spellingShingle |
Lemopoulos, Alexandre Uusi-Heikkilä, Silva Vasemägi, Anti Huusko, Ari Kokko, Harri Vainikka, Anssi Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour |
author_facet |
Lemopoulos, Alexandre Uusi-Heikkilä, Silva Vasemägi, Anti Huusko, Ari Kokko, Harri Vainikka, Anssi |
author_sort |
Lemopoulos, Alexandre |
title |
Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour |
title_short |
Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour |
title_full |
Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour |
title_fullStr |
Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour |
title_sort |
genetic causes and consequences of brown trout migratory behaviour |
publisher |
Open Science Centre, University of Jyväskylä |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107521 http://urn.fi/ |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_relation |
https://peerageofscience.org/conference/eccb2018/107521/ ECCB2018: 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. 12th - 15th of June 2018, Jyväskylä, Finland Lemopoulos, A., Uusi-Heikkilä, S., Vasemägi, A., Huusko, A., Kokko, H. and Vainikka, A. (2018). Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour. 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. doi:10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107521 doi:10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107521 http://urn.fi/ |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 © the Authors, 2018 openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107521 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology |
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ftjyvaeskylaenun:oai:jyx.jyu.fi:123456789/61956 2023-05-15T15:33:07+02:00 Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour Lemopoulos, Alexandre Uusi-Heikkilä, Silva Vasemägi, Anti Huusko, Ari Kokko, Harri Vainikka, Anssi 2018 text/html fulltext https://doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107521 http://urn.fi/ eng eng Open Science Centre, University of Jyväskylä https://peerageofscience.org/conference/eccb2018/107521/ ECCB2018: 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. 12th - 15th of June 2018, Jyväskylä, Finland Lemopoulos, A., Uusi-Heikkilä, S., Vasemägi, A., Huusko, A., Kokko, H. and Vainikka, A. (2018). Genetic causes and consequences of Brown trout migratory behaviour. 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. doi:10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107521 doi:10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107521 http://urn.fi/ CC BY 4.0 © the Authors, 2018 openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferenceItem conference paper not in proceedings publishedVersion conferenceObject 2018 ftjyvaeskylaenun https://doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107521 2021-09-23T20:14:05Z Salmonids are among the most famous and economically important migrating organisms, but unfortunately also often endangered because of multiple human activities. As many other salmonids, brown trout exhibits diverse life history types related to migration strategies. Resident brown trout stay in rivers for their entire life. In contrast, migratory trout undergo a physiological and morphological transformation called smoltification before leaving their natal rivers to enter either sea, lakes or larger river sections. While the phenotypic variation between resident and migratory ecotypes is well documented, little is known about the intraspecific genetic variation associated with these different life history strategies. For management and conservation purposes, understanding the mechanisms behind migratory behavior is a necessity. To investigate the genetic causes and consequences of the life-history dichotomy in brown trout, we used RAD-sequencing to obtain thousands of SNPs used in two distinct studies. First, we focused on the boreal River Koutajoki watershed to understand the genetic structuring of natural populations in relation to different life histories (Lemopoulos et al. 2018). We sampled eleven sites: three main stems (one with two sections) with migratory trout and seven tributaries with assumedly resident trout. We found that the genome-wide patterns associated with life-histories. Tributary fish represented isolated unique genomic patterns that most likely had arisen because of residency, and main stem fish were more admixed and had higher heterozygosity indicating history of migrations and occasional spawning in neighboring rivers. Second, we compared pairs of resident – migratory populations to identify potential candidate genes associated with migratory behavior. We focused on the Koutajoki watershed and complemented the study using populations from the River Oulujoki watershed. We combined different genome-scans approaches and found in total eight SNP outliers that associated with migratory behavior. We revealed, for the first time, candidate genes linked to life-history dichotomy in brown trout. Using the Atlantic salmon genome, we identified putative functions of these SNPs. Among them, we found genes involved in osmoregulation processes as well as cadherins, glutamates and zinc-fingers genes. These three gene families are involved in migratory behavior of other salmonids, indicating a potential common set of genes associated with salmonid migrations. Our results suggest that migratory behavior in brown trout plays a major evolutionary role in shaping natural populations. They also suggest that there is significant genetic basis for the migratory tendency in brown trout. These results bear significant implications for conservation: unintended mixing of resident and migratory fish due to stockings should be avoided, and migratory stocks must be conserved independently as there are no other stocks that could replace them when lost peerReviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon JYX - Jyväskylä University Digital Archive Proceedings of the 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology |