«ECOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE» AND INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT

• Main Authors: D. Macheret A., A. Izmaikova V., Д. Мачерет А., А. Измайкова В.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Russian; English
• Published: Russian University of Transport (RUT) 2019
• Subjects: железнодорожный транспорт; экологический императив; инновационное развитие; экономический рост; энергоэффективность; бионика; Kristall; Mukhina; Nevidimka; Novyj; Smirnova; Stal’; Stella; Vesa; sami
• Online Access: https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1049

For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version). ABSTRACT The article considers one of the key characteristics of the new industrial revolution which is the increase in environmental friendliness of production or the «ecological imperative». Areas for improving environmental friendliness in the transport sector have been identified, and a number of inventions (innovative proposals) have been analyzed that contribute to the implementation of the ecological imperative. On the basis of the analysis, a matrix classification of innovations is presented, representing innovations significant for transport, primarily railway. Conclusions are drawn regarding the long-term development of rail transport in order to improve its environmental friendliness, an adequate response to the global challenges of the future. Keywords: railway transport, ecological imperative, innovative development, economic growth, energy efficiency, bionics. REFERENCES 1.Macheret, D.A., Izmaikova, A. V. Innovative development of railway transport in the context of the industrial revolutions [Innovacionnoe razvitie zheleznodorozhnogo transporta v kontekste promyshlennyh revoljucij].Vektor transporta, 2015, Iss.4, pp.60-63. 2.Marsh, P. New industrial revolution.Consumers, globalization and the end of mass production [Novaja promyshlennaja revoljucija. Potrebiteli, globalizacija i konec massovogo proizvodstva].Moscow, Publishing House of Gaidar Institute, 2015, 420 p. 3.Maddison, E. Contours of the world economy in the years 1-2030.Essays on macroeconomic history [Kontury mirovoj ekonomiki v 1-2030 gg. Ocherki po makroekonomicheskoj istorii].Moscow, Publishing house of Gaidar Institute, 2012, 584 p. 4.Landsburg, S. Economist on the couch: economic science and everyday life [Ekonomist na divane: ekonomicheskaja nauka i povsednevnaja zhizn’].Moscow, Publishing house of Gaidar Institute, 2012, 304 p. 5.Lal, D. Return of the «invisible hand»: The relevance of classical liberalism in XXI century [Vozvrashhenie «nevidimoj ruki»: Aktual’nost’ klassicheskogo liberalizma v XXI veke].Moscow, Novoe izdatel’stvo publ., 2009, 426 p. 6.Hazlitt, H. Economics in one lesson [Ekonomika za odin urok].Moscow, William publ., 2007, 256 p. 7.Mukhina, I.V., Smirnova, A.V.«Green» Logistics.World of Transport and Transportation, Vol.14, 2016, Iss.1, pp.186-190. 8.The Russian «know-how»: a unique wireless technology for engines was created in St.Petersburg Polytechnic University [Russkoe «nou-hau»: v peterburgskom Politehe sozdana unikal’naja besprovodnaja tehnologija dlja dvigatelej].[Electronic resource]: https://ruposters.ru/news/13-11-2014/ russkoe-nou-xau-v-peterburgskom-politexe-sozdana-unikalnaya-беспроводная-texnologiya-dlya-dvigatelej.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 9.Physicists have created almost no power magnetic chip [Fiziki sozdali pochti ne potrebljajushhij energii magnitnyj chip].[Electronic resource]: http://news.ifresh.ws/40702-fiziki-sozdali-pochti-ne-potreblyayuschiy-energii-magnitnyiy-chip.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 10.A first transparent solar cell in the world was developed [Razrabotana pervaja v mire prozrachnaja solnechnaja batareja].[Electronic resource]: http://www.innovanews.ru/info/news/ energy/15769/.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 11.«Magnetic» train will transport from Paris to Moscow in an hour [«Magnitnyj» poezd dostavit iz Parizha v Moskvu za chas].[Electronic resource]: http://hitech.vesti.ru/news/view/id/4747.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 12.Solar panels were created, capable of generating electricity even in the rain [Sozdany solnechnye paneli, sposobnye generirovat’ elektrichestvo dazhe v dozhd’].[Electronic resource]: https://hi-news.ru/technology/sozdany-solnechnye-paneli-sposobnye-generirovat-elektrichestvo-dazhe-v-dozhd.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 13.Spray that turns any surface into a battery [Sprej, prevrashhajushhij ljubuju poverhnost’ v batareju].[Electronic resource]: https://r-ht.ru/interesting/novosti/sprej_ prevrashhajushhij_ljubuju_poverkhnost_v_batareju/1-1-0-525.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 14.Stella - a solar-powered car for the whole family [Stella - avtomobil’ na solnechnyh batarejah dlja vsej sem’i].[Electronic resource]: http://24gadget.ru/1161054356-stella-avtomobil-na-solnechnyh-batareyah-dlya-vsey-semi.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 15.Possibility of remote obtaining energy from bacteriais achieved [Dostignuta vozmozhnost’ distancionnogo poluchenija energii iz bakterij].[Electronic resource]: http://www.innovanews.ru/info/news/energy/15176/.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 16.The combination of different materials gives high conversion efficiency [Sochetanie raznyh materialov daet vysokuju konversionnuju effektivnost’].[Electronic resource]: http://www.innovanews.ru/info/news/energy/15817/.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 17.The hybrid crystal pushes the boundaries of efficiency LED lamps [Gibridnyj kristall razdvigaet granicy effektivnosti svetodiodnyh lamp].[Electronic resource]: http://www.innovanews.ru/info/news/energy/15808/.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 18.Air vehicle (pneumatic vehicle) [Vozduhomobil (pnevmomobil)].[Electronic resource]: http://greenevolution.ru/enc/wiki/vozduxomobil-pnevmomobil/.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 19.Solar Bullet - project of speed passenger express train with energy supply from solar panels [Solar Bullet - proekt skorostnogo passazhirskogo ekspressa s energosnabzheniem ot solnechnyh batarej].[Electronic resource]: http://www.dailytechinfo.org/energy/191-solar-bullet-proekt-skorostnogo-passazhirskogo.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 20.A new high-efficiency technology is developed, which allows to turn water and gas into liquid fuels [Razrabotana novaja vysokoeffektivnaja tehnologija, pozvoljajushhaja prevrashhat’ vodu i uglekislyj gaz v zhidkoe toplivo].[Electronic resource]: http://www.dailytechinfo.org/eco/6493-razrabotana-novaya-vysokoeffektivnaya-technologyiya-pozvolyayuschaya-prrevraschat-vodu-i - carbon-gas-to-liquid-toplivo.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 21.In Russia an all-electric aircraft is being created [V Rossii sozdaetsja polnost’ju elektricheskij samolet].[Electronic resource]: http://www.popmech.ru/technologies/15737-v-rossii-sozdaetsya-polnostyu-elektricheskiy-samolet/.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 22.Urban public transport of the future - a system on magnetic suspension MagLev [Gorodskoj obshhestvennyj transport budushhego - sistema na magnitnoj podveske MagLev].[Electronic resource]: http://www.dailytechinfo.org/auto/1248-gorodskoj-obshhestvennyj-transport-budushhego-sistema-na-magnitnoj-podveske-maglev.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 23.Super-Maglev technology allows magnetic levitation trains to reach speeds of up to 3000 kilometers per hour [Tehnologija Super-Maglev pozvolit poezdam na magnitnoj podushke razvivat’ skorost’ do 3000 kilometrov v chas].[Electronic resource]: http://www.dailytechinfo.org/auto/5893-tehnologiya-super-maglev-pozvolit-poezdam-na-magnitnoy-podushke-razvivat-skorost-do-3000-kilometrov-v-chas.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 24.Graphene supercapacitors improve the efficiency of road freight transportation by 25 per cent [Grafenovye superkondensatory podnimajut effektivnost’ gruzovyh avtoperevozok na 25 procentov].[Electronic resource]: http://www.dailytechinfo.org/auto/8085- grafenovye-superkondensatory-podnimayut-effektivnost-gruzovyh-avtoperevozok-na-25-procentov.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 25.The future, represented by of Skytran transport system arrives in Tel Aviv [Budushhee, v lice transportnoj sistemy Skytran, pribyvaet v Tel’-Aviv].[Electronic resource]: http://www.dailytechinfo.org/auto/5040-buduschee-v-lice-transportnoy-sistemy-skytran-pribyvaet-v-tel-aviv.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 26.New thinnest material for batteries with a huge capacity [Novyj tonchajshij material dlja akkumuljatorov s ogromnoj emkost’ju].[Electronic resource]: http://telegraf.com.ua/ tehnologii/1303588-novyiy-tonchayshiy-material-dlya-akkumulyatorov-s-ogromnoy-emkostyu.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 27.Triboelectric Revolution? [Triboelektricheskaja revoljucija?].[Electronic resource]: http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/ news/2014/triboelektricheskaya-revolyutsiya.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 28.Load electricity with cars! [Gruzite elektrichestvo vagonami!].[Electronic resource]: http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/ news/2014/gruzite-elektrichestvo-vagonami.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 29.NASA tested an engine that operates without fuel and refutes the laws of physics [V NASA protestirovali dvigatel’, rabotajushhij bez topliva i oprovergajushhij zakony fiziki].[Electronic resource]: http://www.newsru.com/world/04aug2014/ emdrive.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 30.First look at the new generation transport system from Hyperloop [Pervyj vzgljad na transportnuju sistemu novogo pokolenija ot kompanii Hyperloop].[Electronic resource]: https://hi-news.ru/technology/pervyj-vzglyad-na-transportnuyu-sistemu-novogo-pokoleniya-ot-kompanii-hyperloop-one.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 31.Super-strong steel for fuel saving [Sverhprochnaja stal’ dlja ekonomii topliva].[Electronic resource]: http://evonews.org/ news/interesnie-novosti/5126-sverhprochnaya-stal-dlya-ekonomii-topliva.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 32.The new concrete will save the roads from icing, and corporations - from industrial espionage [Novyj beton spasjot dorogi ot obledenenija, a korporacii - ot promyshlennogo shpionazha].[Electronic resource]: http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=2712198&cid=2161.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 33.Technology of tire restoration [Tehnologija vosstanovlenija shin].[Electronic resource]: https://ig-store.ru/news/ transport/13961-tehnologiya-vosstanovleniya-shin.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 34.New Japanese batteries will make electric cars cheaper and safer [Novye japonskie batarei sdelajut elektromobili deshevle i bezopasnee].[Electronic resource]: https://hi-news.ru/ technology/novye-yaponskie-batarei-sdelayut-elektromobili-deshevle-i-bezopasnee.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 35.Russian scientists turn aluminum into steel [Rossijskie uchenye prevrashhajut aljuminij v stal’].[Electronic resource]: https://rusevik.ru/interesnoe/165750-rossiyskie-uchenye-prevraschayut-alyuminiy-v-stal.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 36.A high-capacity flow-through battery has been created [Sozdana protochnaja batareja vysokoj jomkosti].[Electronic resource]: http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/news/2015/sozdana-protochnaya-batareya-vysokoi-emkosti.Access 01.06.2016. 37.Scientists from Sweden created a «wooden glass» [Uchenye iz Shvecii sozdali «derevjannoe steklo»].[Electronic resource]: http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/news/2016/uchenye-iz-shvetsii-sozdali-derevyannoe-steklo.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 38.Car-washing complex with the use of «O-BIS» detergent [Vagonomoechnyj kompleks s primeneniem mojushhego sredstva «O-BIS»].[Electronic resource]: http://www.saveplanet.su/ tehno_305.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 39.3D printing allows to reduce the weight of aircraft parts and simplify their production [3D-pechat’ pozvoljaet dobit’sja umen’shenija vesa detalej samoletov i uprostit’ ih proizvodstvo].[Electronic resource]: http://nnm.me/blogs/sepet716/3d-pechat-pozvolyaet-dobitsya-umensheniya-vesa-detaley-samoletov-i-uprostit-ih-proizvodstvo/.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 40.StreetScooter C16 is a prototype of an electric car manufactured using a three-dimensional printer [StreetScooter C16 - prototip elektricheskogo avtomobilja, izgotovlennogo pri pomoshhi trehmernogo printera].[Electronic resource]: https://oko-planet.su/science/sciencenews/262138-streetscooter-c16- prototip-elektricheskogo-avtomobilya-izgotovlennogo-pri-pomoschi-trehmernogo-printera.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 41.The invisible train merges with the environment [Poezd-nevidimka slivaetsja s okruzhajushhej sredoj].[Electronic resource]: http://www.popmech.ru/technologies/236988-poezd-nevidimka-slivaetsya-s-okruzhayushchey-sredoy/.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 42.In the future, cars will learn to repair themselves [V budushhem avtomobili nauchatsja sami sebja remontirovat’].[Electronic resource]: http://hronika.info/tehnologii/32520-v-buduschem-avtomobili-nauchatsya-sami-sebya-remontirovat.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 43.Scientists came up with a safety glass based on the structure of shellfish shell [Uchenye pridumali neb’jushheesja steklo na osnove struktury pancirja molljuskov].[Electronic resource]: https://hi-news.ru/technology/uchenye-pridumali-nebyushheesya-steklo-na-osnove-struktury-pancirya-mollyuskov.html.Last accessed 01.06.2016. 44.Izmaikova, A. V. Innovations, significant for railway transport [Innovacii, znachimye dlja zheleznodorozhnogo transporta].Bulletin of Joint Scientific Council of JSC Russian Railways, 2014, Iss.3, pp.53-69. Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).В статье рассмотрена одна из ключевых характеристик новой промышленной революции - повышение экологичности производства или «экологический императив». Сформированы направления повышения экологичности в транспортной отрасли, проведен анализ ряда изобретений (инновационных предложений), способствующих реализации экологического императива. На основе анализа представлена матричная классификация подобных инноваций, значимых для транспорта, прежде всего - железнодорожного. Сделаны выводы относительно задач долгосрочного развития железнодорожного транспорта с целью повышения его экологичности, адекватной реакции на глобальные вызовы будущего.