Retrospect of Settlement Pattern in Yakutia Based on Analysis of Population Censuses

• Published in: Voprosy statistiki
• Main Authors: T. N. Gavrilyeva, E. A. Kolomak, A. I. Zakharov, K. V. Khorunova, Т. Н. Гаврильева, Е. А. Коломак, А. И. Захаров, К. В. Хорунова
• Other Authors: The article is written within the project of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 0374-2016-0001 ≪Socio-economic security of the Eastern Arctic regions: issues of interdependence and transformation in modern conditions. Monitoring, evaluation, development of a set of government measures to improve it case study: the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) ≫. Project No. 0374-2019-0005. Program of the basic scientific research of the state academies of sciences for 2013-2020., Статья написана в рамках НИР ≪Социально-экономическая безопасность регионов Восточной Арктики: проблемы взаимообусловленности и трансформации в современных условиях, мониторинг, оценка, разработка комплекса государственных мер по ее повышению на примере Республики Саха (Якутия) ≫. Проект № 0374-2019-0005 Программы ФНИ государственных академий наук на 2013-2020 годы.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Russian
• Published: Information and publishing center "Statistics of Russia" 2019
• Subjects: пространственное равновесие; Yakutia; settlement system; rural population; urban population; spatial equilibrium; Якутия; система расселения; сельское население; городское население; Sakha Republic; Якути*
• Online Access: https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1028; https://doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-12-39-51

The article assesses the intensity of transformation of settlement pattern in Yakutia, the largest northern region of Russia, based on an analysis of 1939-2010 censuses and contemporary statistics. Scope of the work includes the following: to assess key socio-economic results of rural and urban settlement pattern transformation in the 20th century, to determine the most persistent primary units of settlement pattern, and to identify current trends in the settlement pattern of Yakutia. The research database was built based on digitization of Federal State Statistics Service in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population censuses archives. The period under review shows a trend toward larger size of settlements due to two parallel processes: urbanization as a result of industrial development, and compression of rural settlement system due to amalgamation of rural settlements. From 1939 to the present time, Yakutia’s settlement system has been evolving from dispersed type to large settlement type. There were two major waves in the structuring of space in Yakutia. During the first one, caused by industrialization and complete collectivization, shrinking of rural settlement system was accompanied by setup of rural and urban settlements; it started in the 1930s and lasted until late 1950s. The second wave, concurrent with controlled compression of rural settlement pattern as part of elimination of unpromising sovkhoz state farms, was associated with a full-scale development of urban settlement pattern under planned Soviet deployment. Starting from 2002, market mechanisms have changed the direction of development of settlement system and spatial structure of economic activity. Despite several constraints, which include high transportation costs, focal development, key role of mining and resource sector, distinctive features of traditional economies and agriculture, agglomeration processes have gained momentum in the region. Spatial concentration of population is taking place at relatively high rates, primarily in the core ...