Mercury, cadmium and lead in black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos
Total mercury (THg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations were investigated in muscle, liver and gonad tissue of black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) from the southern northeast Atlantic at three Portuguese locations: the mainland and the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. Particular empha...
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
2009
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Online Access: | https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1148 https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73s2077 |
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Scientia Marina (E-Journal) |
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ftjscientiamarin |
language |
English |
topic |
total mercury cadmium lead muscle gonad liver Aphanopus carbo Northeast Atlantic mercurio total cadmio plomo músculo gónada hígado Atlántico Nordeste |
spellingShingle |
total mercury cadmium lead muscle gonad liver Aphanopus carbo Northeast Atlantic mercurio total cadmio plomo músculo gónada hígado Atlántico Nordeste Costa, Valentina Lourenço, Helena Maria Figueiredo, Ivone Carvalho, Lucília Lopes, Humberto Farias, Inês Pires, Luís Afonso, Cláudia Vieira, Ana Rita Nunes, Maria Leonor Serrano Gordo, Leonel Mercury, cadmium and lead in black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos |
topic_facet |
total mercury cadmium lead muscle gonad liver Aphanopus carbo Northeast Atlantic mercurio total cadmio plomo músculo gónada hígado Atlántico Nordeste |
description |
Total mercury (THg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations were investigated in muscle, liver and gonad tissue of black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) from the southern northeast Atlantic at three Portuguese locations: the mainland and the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. Particular emphasis was placed on the comparison of metal levels between geographic locations. Other factors such as size, sex and sexual maturity were also investigated. The median concentrations (mg/kg ww) of THg showed a decreasing trend in the order liver>muscle>gonad. Cadmium levels decreased in the order liver>gonad>muscle and Pb levels decreased in the order gonad>liver>muscle. According to the EU limits, the concentration observed in some specimens, particularly those of THg, raises some food safety concerns. In all the tissues the concentrations of each toxic metal differed between locations. In particular: i) THg concentrations in specimens from Madeira were significantly higher than those from the Azores and the mainland; ii) Cd levels in specimens from the mainland were significantly higher than those from Madeira and the Azores; and iii) for all analysed tissues Pb levels were significantly higher in specimens from the Azores than in those from the mainland. The differences in toxic metal levels between locations were further discussed in relation to aspects of species dynamics and the influence of the main environmental features at each location. Se investigaron las concentraciones de mercurio total (THg), cadmio (Cd) y plomo (Pb) en músculo, hígado y gónada de sable negro en muestras recogidas en tres regiones del sur del Atlántico noreste: Portugal continental y archipiélagos de Madeira y Azores. Se puso especial énfasis en la comparación entre regiones. También fueron analizados los factores talla, sexo y madurez sexual. Una tendencia decreciente fue observada en las concentraciones medias (mg/kg ww) de THg entre hígado, músculo y gónadas. Los niveles de Cd decrecieron entre hígado, gónadas y músculo, y en caso de los niveles de Pb, decrecieron entre gónadas, hígado y músculo. De acuerdo con las regulaciones de la UE sobre el consumo de esta especie, las concentraciones observadas en algunos especímenes, particularmente de THg, han suscitado inquietudes relacionadas con la seguridad alimentaria. El factor región fue significativo en las diferencias entre los tres metales para todos los tejidos. Particularmente: i) la concentración de THg en especímenes de Madeira fue significativamente más alta que en Azores y en el continente; ii) los niveles de Cd en especímenes del Continente fueron significativamente más altos que en Madeira y en Azores; y iii) en todos los tejidos analizados, los niveles de Pb fueron significativamente más elevados en Azores que en el continente. Estas discrepancias en los niveles tóxicos entre localizaciones son discutidas en relación con aspectos de dinámica de la especie y la influencia de características ambientales de cada región. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Costa, Valentina Lourenço, Helena Maria Figueiredo, Ivone Carvalho, Lucília Lopes, Humberto Farias, Inês Pires, Luís Afonso, Cláudia Vieira, Ana Rita Nunes, Maria Leonor Serrano Gordo, Leonel |
author_facet |
Costa, Valentina Lourenço, Helena Maria Figueiredo, Ivone Carvalho, Lucília Lopes, Humberto Farias, Inês Pires, Luís Afonso, Cláudia Vieira, Ana Rita Nunes, Maria Leonor Serrano Gordo, Leonel |
author_sort |
Costa, Valentina |
title |
Mercury, cadmium and lead in black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos |
title_short |
Mercury, cadmium and lead in black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos |
title_full |
Mercury, cadmium and lead in black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos |
title_fullStr |
Mercury, cadmium and lead in black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mercury, cadmium and lead in black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos |
title_sort |
mercury, cadmium and lead in black scabbardfish (aphanopus carbo lowe, 1839) from mainland portugal and the azores and madeira archipelagos |
publisher |
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1148 https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73s2077 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-66.867,-66.867,-68.167,-68.167) ENVELOPE(-30.309,-30.309,-80.537,-80.537) ENVELOPE(-63.658,-63.658,-64.985,-64.985) |
geographic |
Alta Nordeste Lowe Mercurio |
geographic_facet |
Alta Nordeste Lowe Mercurio |
genre |
Northeast Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Northeast Atlantic |
op_source |
Scientia Marina; Vol. 73 No. S2 (2009); 77-88 Scientia Marina; Vol. 73 Núm. S2 (2009); 77-88 1886-8134 0214-8358 10.3989/scimar.2009.73s2 |
op_relation |
https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1148/1193 Afonso, C., H.M. Lourenço, C. Pereira, M.F. Martins, M.L. Carvalho, M. Castro and M.L. Nunes. – 2008. Total and organic mercury, selenium and α-tocopherol in some deep-water fish species. J.Sci. Food Agric., 88: 2543-255. Afonso, C., H.M. Lourenço, A. Dias, M.L. Nunes and M. Castro. – 2007. Contaminant metals in black scabbard fish (Aphanopus carbo) caught off Madeira and the Azores. Food Chem., 101: 120-125 Anon – 2000. Environment and biology of deep-water species Aphanopus carbo in the NEAtlantic: basis for its management (BASBLACK). Final Report of EUStudy Project 97/0084. ATSDR. – 2008. Draft Toxicological profile for cadmium. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Atlanta, Georgia. Bebiano, M.J., C. Santos, J. Canário, N. Gouveia, D. Sena-Carvalho and C. Vale. – 2007. Hg and metallothionein-like protein in the black scabbardfish Aphanopus carbo. Food and Chem.Toxic., 45: 1443-1452. Bustamante, P., P. Bocher, Y. Cherel, P. Miramand and F. Caurant. – 2003. Distribution of trace elements in the tissues of benthic and pelagic fish from the Kerguelen Islands. The Sci. Total Environ., 313: 25-39. Canli, M. and G. Atli. – 2003. The relationship between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environ. Pollut., 121: 129-136. Cosson. R.P, É. Thiébaut, R. Company, M. Castrec-Rouelle, A. Colaço, I. Martins, P.-M. Sarradin and M. J. Bebianno. – 2008. Spatial variation of metal bioaccumulation in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Mar. Env. Res., 65: 405-415. Cronin, M., I.M. Davies, A. Newton, J.M. Pirie, G. Topping and S. Swan. – 1998. Trace metal concentrations in deep-sea fish from the North Atlantic. Mar. Env. Res., 45: 225-238. Dugo, G., L. La Pera, A. Bruzzese, T.M. Pellicanò and V. Lo Turco. – 2006. Concentration of Cd (II), Cu (II), Pb (II), Se (IV) and Zn (II) in cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) tissues from Tyrrhenian Sea and Sicilian Sea by derivative stripping potentiometry. Food Control, 17: 146-152. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – 1999. Toxicological Review of Cadmium and Compounds and IRIS Summaries for Cadmium and Compounds Federal Register. 64(142): 40369-40370. EU. – 2006. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. JOL364: 5-24. EU. – 2008. Commission Regulation (EC) No 629/2008 of 2 July 2008 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. JOL173: 6-9. Evans, D.W., D.K. Dodoo and P.J. Hanson. – 1993. Trace element concentrations in fish livers: implications of variations with fish size in pollution monitoring. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 26: 329-334. Falcó, G., J.M. Llobet, A. Bocio and J.L. Domingo. – 2006. Daily intake of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead by consumption of edible marine species. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54: 6106-6112. Figueiredo, I., P. Bordalo-Machado, S. Reis, D. Sena-Carvalho, T. Blasdale, A. Newton and L.S. Gordo. – 2003. Observations on the reproductive cycle of the black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) in the NEAtlantic. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 60: 774-779. Freitas, I.C.L. – 1998. Contribuição para o conhecimento da ecologia alimentar do peixe espada preto, Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839 (Pisces: Trichiuridae) no Arquipelago da Madeira (in Portuguese). 59 pp. Diplom thesis. Department of Biology, University of Madeira. Gašpić, Z.K., T. Zvonarić, N. Vrgoč, N. Odžak and A. Barić. – 2002. Cadmium and lead in selected tissues of two commercially important fish species from Adriatic Sea. Water Res., 36: 5023-5028. Gordo, L.S., D.S. Carvalho, I. Figueiredo, S. Reis, P.B. Machado, A. Newton, and J. Gordon. – 2000. Escala de maturação sexual do peixe-espada preto: uma abordagem macro e microscópica. The sexual maturity scale of black scabbardfish: a macro- and microscopic approach. Celta Editora, Oeiras. Gordon, J.D.M., N.R. Merrett and R.L. Haedrich. – 1995. Environmental and biological aspects of slope dwelling fishes. In: A.G. Hopper (ed.), Deep-water fisheries of the North Atlantic Oceanic slope, pp. 1-30. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Hatch, R.W. and L. Ott. – 1968. Determination of sub-microgram quantities of mercury by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Anal. Chem., 40: 2085-2087. Hornung, H., M. D. Krom, Y. Cohen and M. Bernhard. – 1993. Trace metal content in deep-water sharks from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Biol., 115: 331-338. Hrudey, S.E., W. Chen and C.G. Roussex. – 1996. Bioavailability in environmental risk assessment. CRC Press, USA. Joiris, C. R., I.B. Ali, L. Holsbeek, M. Bossicart and G. Tapia. – 1995. Total and organic mercury in Barents sea pelagic fish. Bull. Env. Cont. Toxic., 55: 674-681. Johnson,J. and I. Stevens. – 2000. Afine resolution model of the eastern North Atlantic between the Azores, The Canary Islands and the Gibraltar Strait. Deep Sea Res. I, 47: 875-899. Jorhem, L. – 2000. Determination of metals in food by atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing: NMKLCollaborative study. JAOACInt., 83(5): 1204-1211. Lourenço, H.M., P. Anacleto, C. Afonso, V. Ferraria, M.F. Martins, M.L. Carvalho, A.R. Lino and M.L. Nunes. – 2009. Elemental composition of cephalopods from Portuguese continental waters. Food Chem., 113: 1146-1153. Magalhães, M.C., V. Costa, G.M. Meneses, M.R. Pinho, R.S. Santos and L.R. Monteiro. – 2007. Intra-and inter specific variability in total and methylmercury bioaccumulation by eight marine fish species from the Azores. Mar. Poll. Bull., 54: 1654-1662. Martins, M.R. and C. Ferreira. – 1995. 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ftjscientiamarin:oai:scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es:article/1148 2023-05-15T17:41:32+02:00 Mercury, cadmium and lead in black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos Mercurio, cadmio y plomo en el sable negro (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) de Portugal Continental y de los Archipiélagos de Madeira y Azores Costa, Valentina Lourenço, Helena Maria Figueiredo, Ivone Carvalho, Lucília Lopes, Humberto Farias, Inês Pires, Luís Afonso, Cláudia Vieira, Ana Rita Nunes, Maria Leonor Serrano Gordo, Leonel 2009-12-31 application/pdf https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1148 https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73s2077 eng eng Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1148/1193 Afonso, C., H.M. Lourenço, C. Pereira, M.F. Martins, M.L. Carvalho, M. Castro and M.L. Nunes. – 2008. Total and organic mercury, selenium and α-tocopherol in some deep-water fish species. J.Sci. Food Agric., 88: 2543-255. Afonso, C., H.M. Lourenço, A. Dias, M.L. Nunes and M. Castro. – 2007. Contaminant metals in black scabbard fish (Aphanopus carbo) caught off Madeira and the Azores. Food Chem., 101: 120-125 Anon – 2000. Environment and biology of deep-water species Aphanopus carbo in the NEAtlantic: basis for its management (BASBLACK). Final Report of EUStudy Project 97/0084. ATSDR. – 2008. Draft Toxicological profile for cadmium. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Atlanta, Georgia. Bebiano, M.J., C. Santos, J. Canário, N. Gouveia, D. Sena-Carvalho and C. Vale. – 2007. Hg and metallothionein-like protein in the black scabbardfish Aphanopus carbo. Food and Chem.Toxic., 45: 1443-1452. Bustamante, P., P. Bocher, Y. Cherel, P. Miramand and F. Caurant. – 2003. Distribution of trace elements in the tissues of benthic and pelagic fish from the Kerguelen Islands. The Sci. Total Environ., 313: 25-39. Canli, M. and G. Atli. – 2003. The relationship between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environ. Pollut., 121: 129-136. Cosson. R.P, É. Thiébaut, R. Company, M. Castrec-Rouelle, A. Colaço, I. Martins, P.-M. Sarradin and M. J. Bebianno. – 2008. Spatial variation of metal bioaccumulation in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Mar. Env. Res., 65: 405-415. Cronin, M., I.M. Davies, A. Newton, J.M. Pirie, G. Topping and S. Swan. – 1998. Trace metal concentrations in deep-sea fish from the North Atlantic. Mar. Env. Res., 45: 225-238. Dugo, G., L. La Pera, A. Bruzzese, T.M. Pellicanò and V. Lo Turco. – 2006. Concentration of Cd (II), Cu (II), Pb (II), Se (IV) and Zn (II) in cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) tissues from Tyrrhenian Sea and Sicilian Sea by derivative stripping potentiometry. Food Control, 17: 146-152. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – 1999. Toxicological Review of Cadmium and Compounds and IRIS Summaries for Cadmium and Compounds Federal Register. 64(142): 40369-40370. EU. – 2006. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. JOL364: 5-24. EU. – 2008. Commission Regulation (EC) No 629/2008 of 2 July 2008 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. JOL173: 6-9. Evans, D.W., D.K. Dodoo and P.J. Hanson. – 1993. Trace element concentrations in fish livers: implications of variations with fish size in pollution monitoring. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 26: 329-334. Falcó, G., J.M. Llobet, A. Bocio and J.L. Domingo. – 2006. Daily intake of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead by consumption of edible marine species. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54: 6106-6112. Figueiredo, I., P. Bordalo-Machado, S. Reis, D. Sena-Carvalho, T. Blasdale, A. Newton and L.S. Gordo. – 2003. Observations on the reproductive cycle of the black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) in the NEAtlantic. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 60: 774-779. Freitas, I.C.L. – 1998. Contribuição para o conhecimento da ecologia alimentar do peixe espada preto, Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839 (Pisces: Trichiuridae) no Arquipelago da Madeira (in Portuguese). 59 pp. Diplom thesis. Department of Biology, University of Madeira. Gašpić, Z.K., T. Zvonarić, N. Vrgoč, N. Odžak and A. Barić. – 2002. Cadmium and lead in selected tissues of two commercially important fish species from Adriatic Sea. Water Res., 36: 5023-5028. Gordo, L.S., D.S. Carvalho, I. Figueiredo, S. Reis, P.B. Machado, A. Newton, and J. Gordon. – 2000. Escala de maturação sexual do peixe-espada preto: uma abordagem macro e microscópica. The sexual maturity scale of black scabbardfish: a macro- and microscopic approach. Celta Editora, Oeiras. Gordon, J.D.M., N.R. Merrett and R.L. Haedrich. – 1995. Environmental and biological aspects of slope dwelling fishes. In: A.G. Hopper (ed.), Deep-water fisheries of the North Atlantic Oceanic slope, pp. 1-30. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Hatch, R.W. and L. Ott. – 1968. Determination of sub-microgram quantities of mercury by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Anal. Chem., 40: 2085-2087. Hornung, H., M. D. Krom, Y. Cohen and M. Bernhard. – 1993. Trace metal content in deep-water sharks from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Biol., 115: 331-338. Hrudey, S.E., W. Chen and C.G. Roussex. – 1996. Bioavailability in environmental risk assessment. CRC Press, USA. Joiris, C. R., I.B. Ali, L. Holsbeek, M. Bossicart and G. Tapia. – 1995. Total and organic mercury in Barents sea pelagic fish. Bull. Env. Cont. Toxic., 55: 674-681. Johnson,J. and I. Stevens. – 2000. Afine resolution model of the eastern North Atlantic between the Azores, The Canary Islands and the Gibraltar Strait. Deep Sea Res. I, 47: 875-899. Jorhem, L. – 2000. Determination of metals in food by atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing: NMKLCollaborative study. JAOACInt., 83(5): 1204-1211. Lourenço, H.M., P. Anacleto, C. Afonso, V. Ferraria, M.F. Martins, M.L. Carvalho, A.R. Lino and M.L. Nunes. – 2009. Elemental composition of cephalopods from Portuguese continental waters. Food Chem., 113: 1146-1153. Magalhães, M.C., V. Costa, G.M. Meneses, M.R. Pinho, R.S. Santos and L.R. Monteiro. – 2007. Intra-and inter specific variability in total and methylmercury bioaccumulation by eight marine fish species from the Azores. Mar. Poll. Bull., 54: 1654-1662. Martins, M.R. and C. Ferreira. – 1995. Line fishing for black scabbardfish Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839 and other deep water species in the eastern mid Atlantic to the north of Madeira. In: A.G. Hoppe (ed.), Deep Water Fisheries of the North Atlantic Oceanic Slope, pp. 323–325. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Martins, I., V. Costa, F.M. Porteiro, A. 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Potential human health risks from metals (Hg, Cd, and Pb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) via seafood consumption: estimation of target hazard quotients (THQs) and toxic equivalents (TEQs). Food Chem. Toxicol., 46: 2782-2788. Copyright (c) 2009 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Scientia Marina; Vol. 73 No. S2 (2009); 77-88 Scientia Marina; Vol. 73 Núm. S2 (2009); 77-88 1886-8134 0214-8358 10.3989/scimar.2009.73s2 total mercury cadmium lead muscle gonad liver Aphanopus carbo Northeast Atlantic mercurio total cadmio plomo músculo gónada hígado Atlántico Nordeste info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed article Artículo revisado por pares 2009 ftjscientiamarin https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73s2077 https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73s2 https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73s2019 https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73s2033 2022-03-20T16:31:05Z Total mercury (THg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations were investigated in muscle, liver and gonad tissue of black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) from the southern northeast Atlantic at three Portuguese locations: the mainland and the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. Particular emphasis was placed on the comparison of metal levels between geographic locations. Other factors such as size, sex and sexual maturity were also investigated. The median concentrations (mg/kg ww) of THg showed a decreasing trend in the order liver>muscle>gonad. Cadmium levels decreased in the order liver>gonad>muscle and Pb levels decreased in the order gonad>liver>muscle. According to the EU limits, the concentration observed in some specimens, particularly those of THg, raises some food safety concerns. In all the tissues the concentrations of each toxic metal differed between locations. In particular: i) THg concentrations in specimens from Madeira were significantly higher than those from the Azores and the mainland; ii) Cd levels in specimens from the mainland were significantly higher than those from Madeira and the Azores; and iii) for all analysed tissues Pb levels were significantly higher in specimens from the Azores than in those from the mainland. The differences in toxic metal levels between locations were further discussed in relation to aspects of species dynamics and the influence of the main environmental features at each location. Se investigaron las concentraciones de mercurio total (THg), cadmio (Cd) y plomo (Pb) en músculo, hígado y gónada de sable negro en muestras recogidas en tres regiones del sur del Atlántico noreste: Portugal continental y archipiélagos de Madeira y Azores. Se puso especial énfasis en la comparación entre regiones. También fueron analizados los factores talla, sexo y madurez sexual. Una tendencia decreciente fue observada en las concentraciones medias (mg/kg ww) de THg entre hígado, músculo y gónadas. Los niveles de Cd decrecieron entre hígado, gónadas y músculo, y en caso de los niveles de Pb, decrecieron entre gónadas, hígado y músculo. De acuerdo con las regulaciones de la UE sobre el consumo de esta especie, las concentraciones observadas en algunos especímenes, particularmente de THg, han suscitado inquietudes relacionadas con la seguridad alimentaria. El factor región fue significativo en las diferencias entre los tres metales para todos los tejidos. Particularmente: i) la concentración de THg en especímenes de Madeira fue significativamente más alta que en Azores y en el continente; ii) los niveles de Cd en especímenes del Continente fueron significativamente más altos que en Madeira y en Azores; y iii) en todos los tejidos analizados, los niveles de Pb fueron significativamente más elevados en Azores que en el continente. Estas discrepancias en los niveles tóxicos entre localizaciones son discutidas en relación con aspectos de dinámica de la especie y la influencia de características ambientales de cada región. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northeast Atlantic Scientia Marina (E-Journal) Alta Nordeste ENVELOPE(-66.867,-66.867,-68.167,-68.167) Lowe ENVELOPE(-30.309,-30.309,-80.537,-80.537) Mercurio ENVELOPE(-63.658,-63.658,-64.985,-64.985) Scientia Marina 73 S2 77 88 |