Secondary metabolites of lichens in the snow zone of the Sierra Nevada in Mérida-Venezuela and their role in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation

Photochemical analyses of secondary compounds in lichens from the venezuelan andean snow zone were carried out in order to know the absorbance capacity of UV radiation at the UVA, UVB and UVC ranges and to determine its probable UV protective function. Spectrophotometric (UV) and fine layer chromato...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid
Main Authors: Rojas-Fernández, José Alberto, Balza-Quintero, Alirio, Marcano, Vicente, Rojas, Paula Andrea, Dávila-Vera, Delsy, Peña-Contreras, Zulma, Mendoza-Briceño, Rosa Virginia, Palacios-Prü, Ernesto
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:Spanish
Published: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas 2008
Subjects:
Online Access:https://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb/article/view/246
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1.246
id ftjrjb:oai:jardinbotanico.revistas.csic.es:article/246
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid (Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC)
op_collection_id ftjrjb
language Spanish
topic lichen substances
UV radiation
UV filter
Venezuelan Andes
sustancias liquénicas
radiación UV
filtro UV
Andes venezolanos
spellingShingle lichen substances
UV radiation
UV filter
Venezuelan Andes
sustancias liquénicas
radiación UV
filtro UV
Andes venezolanos
Rojas-Fernández, José Alberto
Balza-Quintero, Alirio
Marcano, Vicente
Rojas, Paula Andrea
Dávila-Vera, Delsy
Peña-Contreras, Zulma
Mendoza-Briceño, Rosa Virginia
Palacios-Prü, Ernesto
Secondary metabolites of lichens in the snow zone of the Sierra Nevada in Mérida-Venezuela and their role in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation
topic_facet lichen substances
UV radiation
UV filter
Venezuelan Andes
sustancias liquénicas
radiación UV
filtro UV
Andes venezolanos
description Photochemical analyses of secondary compounds in lichens from the venezuelan andean snow zone were carried out in order to know the absorbance capacity of UV radiation at the UVA, UVB and UVC ranges and to determine its probable UV protective function. Spectrophotometric (UV) and fine layer chromatographic techniques (TLC) were utilized to separate and identify the compounds. UV radiation values were obtained from the Red Bioclimática del Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada de Mérida which constitutes a program supported by the University of Los Andes, Venezuela. Results indicated the existence of 22 species of lichens at the snow zone; 55% of these species showed a strong resistance to UVC radiation, 95% to UVB radiation, whereas the 100% revealed a strong resistance to UVA radiation. The substances that have the highest resistance to UVA and UVB radiation are characterized by having ester bonds among phenolic units depsids and constitute the most abundant products in lichens, whereas the substances having both ester and ether bonds among the two phenolic units depsidones revealed a higher capacity to absorb UVC radiation that could indicate a primitive origin. Se hicieron análisis fotoquímicos de compuestos secundarios presentes en líquenes de la zona nival andina venezolana con la finalidad de conocer su capacidad de absorber las radiaciones ultravioletas UVA, UVB y UVC e inferir en la probable función protectora de estos compuestos ante estas radiaciones. Para la separación e identificación de sustancias se utilizaron técnicas espectrofotométricas (UV) y técnicas de cromatografía de capa fina (TLC). Para el estudio climático de la zona nival se utilizaron registros de la Red Bioclimática del Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Programa de la Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela. Los resultados revelaron que, de las 22 especies encontradas, el 55% presentó una resistencia potencial a la radiación UVC, el 95% a la radiación UVB y el 100% a la radiación UVA. Entre las sustancias identificadas, las que presentaron mayor resistencia a las radiaciones UVA y UVB se caracterizan por presentar enlaces tipo éster entre las unidades fenólicas (dépsidos) y constituyen los productos más abundantes en estos líquenes. Mientras que, las sustancias con enlaces tipo éster y éter entre las dos unidades fenólicas (depsidonas), tienen alta capacidad de absorber radiación UVC, lo cual sugiere que el fenómeno de protección podría ser de origen primitivo.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Rojas-Fernández, José Alberto
Balza-Quintero, Alirio
Marcano, Vicente
Rojas, Paula Andrea
Dávila-Vera, Delsy
Peña-Contreras, Zulma
Mendoza-Briceño, Rosa Virginia
Palacios-Prü, Ernesto
author_facet Rojas-Fernández, José Alberto
Balza-Quintero, Alirio
Marcano, Vicente
Rojas, Paula Andrea
Dávila-Vera, Delsy
Peña-Contreras, Zulma
Mendoza-Briceño, Rosa Virginia
Palacios-Prü, Ernesto
author_sort Rojas-Fernández, José Alberto
title Secondary metabolites of lichens in the snow zone of the Sierra Nevada in Mérida-Venezuela and their role in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation
title_short Secondary metabolites of lichens in the snow zone of the Sierra Nevada in Mérida-Venezuela and their role in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation
title_full Secondary metabolites of lichens in the snow zone of the Sierra Nevada in Mérida-Venezuela and their role in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation
title_fullStr Secondary metabolites of lichens in the snow zone of the Sierra Nevada in Mérida-Venezuela and their role in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation
title_full_unstemmed Secondary metabolites of lichens in the snow zone of the Sierra Nevada in Mérida-Venezuela and their role in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation
title_sort secondary metabolites of lichens in the snow zone of the sierra nevada in mérida-venezuela and their role in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation
publisher Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
publishDate 2008
url https://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb/article/view/246
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1.246
geographic Alta
geographic_facet Alta
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
op_source Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid; Vol. 65 No. 1 (2008); 59-72
Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid; Vol. 65 Núm. 1 (2008); 59-72
1988-3196
0211-1322
10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1
op_relation https://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb/article/view/246/242
Azócar, A. & Monasterio, M. 1980. Caracterización ecológica del clima en el páramo de Mucubají. In: Monasterio, M. (ed.), Estudios Ecológicos en los Páramos Andinos. Ediciones de la Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, pp. 207-223.
Blumthaler, M. & Ambach, W. 1990. lndication of increasing solar Ultraviolet- B radiation flux in alpine regions. Science 248: 206-208. doi:10.1126/science.2326634 PMid:2326634
Caldwell, M., Robberecht, R. & Billings, W. 1980. A steep latitudinal gradient of solar ultraviolet-B radiation in the arctic-alpine life zone. Ecology 61: 600-611. doi:10.2307/1937426
Cockell, C.S. 2000a. The ultraviolet history of the terrestrial planets: Implications for biological evolution. Planetary and Space Science 48: 203-214. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00087-2
Cockell, C.S. 2000b. Ultraviolet radiation and the photobiology of Earth’s early oceans. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 30: 467-499. doi:10.1023/A:1006765405786 PMid:11002893
Cockell, C.S. & Horneck, G. 2001. The history of the UV radiation climate of the Earth-Theoretical and space-based observations. Photochemsrty and Photobiology 73: 447-451. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)073<0447:THOTUR>2.0.CO;2 PMid:11332042
Culberson, C., Culberson, W. & Johnson, A. 1981. A standarized TLC analysis of -orcinol depsidones. The Bryologist 84: 16-29 doi:10.2307/3242974
Díaz, A., Péfaur, J. & Durant, P. 1997. Ecology of South American páramos with emphasis on the fauna of the Venezuelan moorland. In: Wielgolaski, F.E (ed.), Ecosystem of the World 3: Polar and Alpine Tundra, Elseive, Amsterdam, pp. 263-310.
Dvorkin, A.Y. & Steinberger, E.H. 1999. Modeling the altitude effect on solar UV radiation. Solar Energy 65: 181-187. doi:10.1016/S0038-092X(98)00126-1
Elix, J.A., Johnson, J. & Parker, J.L. 1987. Metabolites Users Manual. Second edition, Department of Chemistry, The Faculties, Australian National University, Camberra, Australia, p. 56.
Garcia-Pichel, F. 1998. Solar ultraviolet and the evolutionary history of cyanobacteria. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 28: 321-347. doi:10.1023/A:1006545303412 PMid:9611770
Harborne, J.B. 1964. Biochemistry of phenolic compounds. Academic Press, New York, pp. 129.
Jagger, J. 1967. Introduction to Research in UV Photobiology, pp. 57. Jagger, J. 1985. Solar-UV actions on living cells. Praeger Scientific, New York, pp. 202.
López-Figueiras, M. 1986. Censo de Macrolíquenes de los Estados Falcón, Lara, Mérida, Táchira y Trujillo. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Los Andes. Mérida, pp. 204.
Kasting, J.F., Whittet, D.C. & Sheldon, W.R. 1997. Ultraviolet radiation from F and K stars and implications for planetary habitability. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 27: 413-420. doi:10.1023/A:1006596806012 PMid:11536831
Mancinelli, R.L. & White, M.R. 2000. Inhibition of denitrification by ultraviolet radiation. Advances in Space Research 26(12): 2041-2046.
Marcano, V. 1994. Introducción al estudio de los líquenes Andinos Venezolanos, Volumen I. Publicaciones de FUNDACITE Mérida, Immeca Press, Mérida, pp. 1-338.
Marcano, V. & Morales, A. 1994a. El género Alectoria Ach. (Ascomicetes liquenizados) en Los Andes de Venezuela. Ernstia 4: 89-100.
Marcano, V. & Morales, A. 1995. Revisión del género Umbilicaria (Ascomicetes liquenizados) en Venezuela. Ernstia 4: 21-35.
Marcano, V., Morales, A., Sipman, H. & Calderón, L. 1996. A first checklist of the lichen-forming fungi of the Venezuelan Andes. Tropical Bryology 12: 193-235.
Marcano, V., Galiz, L., Mohali, S. & al. 1997. Revisión del género Leprocaulon Nyl. ex Lamy (Lichenes Imperfecti) en Venezuela. Tropical Bryology 13: 47-56.
Marcano, V., Morales, A. & Rodríguez, V. 1999. Occurrence of usnic acid in Usnea laevis Nylander (Lichenized Ascomycetes) from the Venezuelan Andes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 66: 343-346. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00181-0 PMid:10473183
McEvoy, M., Solhaug, A.K. & Gauslaa, Y. 2006. Ambient UV irradiation induces a blue pigment in Xanthoparmelia stenophylla. The Lichenologist 38: 285-289. doi:10.1017/S0024282906005706
Onofri, S., Selbmann, L., Zucconi L. & Pagano, S. 2004. Antarctic microfungi as models for exobiology. Planetary and Space Science 52: 229-237. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2003.08.019
Palacios, E. & Marcano, V. 2003. Introducción a la astrobiología. Desde el origen de la vida hasta el cerebro humano. En: Astrobiología. Desde las primeras moléculas hasta la aparición de la sinapsis. Universidad de Los Andes. Venezuela, pp. 3-33.
Piazena, H. 1996. The effect of altitude upon solar UV-B and UVA irradiance in the tropical Chilean Andes. Solar Energy 57: 133-140. doi:10.1016/S0038-092X(96)00049-7
Rikkinen, J. 2007. Photobiont-mediated lichen guilds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146: 219-220. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.480
Rothschild, L.J. & Mancinelli, R.L. 2001. Life in extreme environments. Nature 409: 1092-1101. doi:10.1038/35059215 PMid:11234023
Solhaug, A.K, Gauslaa, Y., Nybakken, L. & Bilger, W. 2002. Induction of pigment synthesis by UV irradiation in lichens. 13th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology. Under the Aegisof the University of Crete. Editor Kalliopi A. Roubelakis-Angelakis.
Towers, G.H.N. 1964. Metabolism of phenolics in higher plants and microorganisms. In: Harborne, J.B. (ed.), Biochemistry of phenolic compounds, Academic Press, New York, pp. 249-294.
https://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb/article/view/246
doi:10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1.246
op_rights Copyright (c) 2008 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
op_rightsnorm CC-BY
op_doi https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1.246
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00087-2
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006765405786
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006545303412
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092
container_title Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid
container_volume 65
container_issue 1
_version_ 1766302574829371392
spelling ftjrjb:oai:jardinbotanico.revistas.csic.es:article/246 2023-05-15T14:28:24+02:00 Secondary metabolites of lichens in the snow zone of the Sierra Nevada in Mérida-Venezuela and their role in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation Metabolitos secundarios de líquenes de la zona nival de la Sierra Nevada de Mérida-Venezuela y su papel en la absorción de la radiación ultravioleta Rojas-Fernández, José Alberto Balza-Quintero, Alirio Marcano, Vicente Rojas, Paula Andrea Dávila-Vera, Delsy Peña-Contreras, Zulma Mendoza-Briceño, Rosa Virginia Palacios-Prü, Ernesto 2008-06-30 application/pdf https://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb/article/view/246 https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1.246 spa spa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas https://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb/article/view/246/242 Azócar, A. & Monasterio, M. 1980. Caracterización ecológica del clima en el páramo de Mucubají. In: Monasterio, M. (ed.), Estudios Ecológicos en los Páramos Andinos. Ediciones de la Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, pp. 207-223. Blumthaler, M. & Ambach, W. 1990. lndication of increasing solar Ultraviolet- B radiation flux in alpine regions. Science 248: 206-208. doi:10.1126/science.2326634 PMid:2326634 Caldwell, M., Robberecht, R. & Billings, W. 1980. A steep latitudinal gradient of solar ultraviolet-B radiation in the arctic-alpine life zone. Ecology 61: 600-611. doi:10.2307/1937426 Cockell, C.S. 2000a. The ultraviolet history of the terrestrial planets: Implications for biological evolution. Planetary and Space Science 48: 203-214. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00087-2 Cockell, C.S. 2000b. Ultraviolet radiation and the photobiology of Earth’s early oceans. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 30: 467-499. doi:10.1023/A:1006765405786 PMid:11002893 Cockell, C.S. & Horneck, G. 2001. The history of the UV radiation climate of the Earth-Theoretical and space-based observations. Photochemsrty and Photobiology 73: 447-451. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)073<0447:THOTUR>2.0.CO;2 PMid:11332042 Culberson, C., Culberson, W. & Johnson, A. 1981. A standarized TLC analysis of -orcinol depsidones. The Bryologist 84: 16-29 doi:10.2307/3242974 Díaz, A., Péfaur, J. & Durant, P. 1997. Ecology of South American páramos with emphasis on the fauna of the Venezuelan moorland. In: Wielgolaski, F.E (ed.), Ecosystem of the World 3: Polar and Alpine Tundra, Elseive, Amsterdam, pp. 263-310. Dvorkin, A.Y. & Steinberger, E.H. 1999. Modeling the altitude effect on solar UV radiation. Solar Energy 65: 181-187. doi:10.1016/S0038-092X(98)00126-1 Elix, J.A., Johnson, J. & Parker, J.L. 1987. Metabolites Users Manual. Second edition, Department of Chemistry, The Faculties, Australian National University, Camberra, Australia, p. 56. Garcia-Pichel, F. 1998. Solar ultraviolet and the evolutionary history of cyanobacteria. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 28: 321-347. doi:10.1023/A:1006545303412 PMid:9611770 Harborne, J.B. 1964. Biochemistry of phenolic compounds. Academic Press, New York, pp. 129. Jagger, J. 1967. Introduction to Research in UV Photobiology, pp. 57. Jagger, J. 1985. Solar-UV actions on living cells. Praeger Scientific, New York, pp. 202. López-Figueiras, M. 1986. Censo de Macrolíquenes de los Estados Falcón, Lara, Mérida, Táchira y Trujillo. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Los Andes. Mérida, pp. 204. Kasting, J.F., Whittet, D.C. & Sheldon, W.R. 1997. Ultraviolet radiation from F and K stars and implications for planetary habitability. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 27: 413-420. doi:10.1023/A:1006596806012 PMid:11536831 Mancinelli, R.L. & White, M.R. 2000. Inhibition of denitrification by ultraviolet radiation. Advances in Space Research 26(12): 2041-2046. Marcano, V. 1994. Introducción al estudio de los líquenes Andinos Venezolanos, Volumen I. Publicaciones de FUNDACITE Mérida, Immeca Press, Mérida, pp. 1-338. Marcano, V. & Morales, A. 1994a. El género Alectoria Ach. (Ascomicetes liquenizados) en Los Andes de Venezuela. Ernstia 4: 89-100. Marcano, V. & Morales, A. 1995. Revisión del género Umbilicaria (Ascomicetes liquenizados) en Venezuela. Ernstia 4: 21-35. Marcano, V., Morales, A., Sipman, H. & Calderón, L. 1996. A first checklist of the lichen-forming fungi of the Venezuelan Andes. Tropical Bryology 12: 193-235. Marcano, V., Galiz, L., Mohali, S. & al. 1997. Revisión del género Leprocaulon Nyl. ex Lamy (Lichenes Imperfecti) en Venezuela. Tropical Bryology 13: 47-56. Marcano, V., Morales, A. & Rodríguez, V. 1999. Occurrence of usnic acid in Usnea laevis Nylander (Lichenized Ascomycetes) from the Venezuelan Andes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 66: 343-346. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00181-0 PMid:10473183 McEvoy, M., Solhaug, A.K. & Gauslaa, Y. 2006. Ambient UV irradiation induces a blue pigment in Xanthoparmelia stenophylla. The Lichenologist 38: 285-289. doi:10.1017/S0024282906005706 Onofri, S., Selbmann, L., Zucconi L. & Pagano, S. 2004. Antarctic microfungi as models for exobiology. Planetary and Space Science 52: 229-237. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2003.08.019 Palacios, E. & Marcano, V. 2003. Introducción a la astrobiología. Desde el origen de la vida hasta el cerebro humano. En: Astrobiología. Desde las primeras moléculas hasta la aparición de la sinapsis. Universidad de Los Andes. Venezuela, pp. 3-33. Piazena, H. 1996. The effect of altitude upon solar UV-B and UVA irradiance in the tropical Chilean Andes. Solar Energy 57: 133-140. doi:10.1016/S0038-092X(96)00049-7 Rikkinen, J. 2007. Photobiont-mediated lichen guilds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146: 219-220. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.480 Rothschild, L.J. & Mancinelli, R.L. 2001. Life in extreme environments. Nature 409: 1092-1101. doi:10.1038/35059215 PMid:11234023 Solhaug, A.K, Gauslaa, Y., Nybakken, L. & Bilger, W. 2002. Induction of pigment synthesis by UV irradiation in lichens. 13th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology. Under the Aegisof the University of Crete. Editor Kalliopi A. Roubelakis-Angelakis. Towers, G.H.N. 1964. Metabolism of phenolics in higher plants and microorganisms. In: Harborne, J.B. (ed.), Biochemistry of phenolic compounds, Academic Press, New York, pp. 249-294. https://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb/article/view/246 doi:10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1.246 Copyright (c) 2008 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid; Vol. 65 No. 1 (2008); 59-72 Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid; Vol. 65 Núm. 1 (2008); 59-72 1988-3196 0211-1322 10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1 lichen substances UV radiation UV filter Venezuelan Andes sustancias liquénicas radiación UV filtro UV Andes venezolanos info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion revisado por pares; peer-reviewed 2008 ftjrjb https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1.246 https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00087-2 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006765405786 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006545303412 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092 2022-01-07T08:05:05Z Photochemical analyses of secondary compounds in lichens from the venezuelan andean snow zone were carried out in order to know the absorbance capacity of UV radiation at the UVA, UVB and UVC ranges and to determine its probable UV protective function. Spectrophotometric (UV) and fine layer chromatographic techniques (TLC) were utilized to separate and identify the compounds. UV radiation values were obtained from the Red Bioclimática del Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada de Mérida which constitutes a program supported by the University of Los Andes, Venezuela. Results indicated the existence of 22 species of lichens at the snow zone; 55% of these species showed a strong resistance to UVC radiation, 95% to UVB radiation, whereas the 100% revealed a strong resistance to UVA radiation. The substances that have the highest resistance to UVA and UVB radiation are characterized by having ester bonds among phenolic units depsids and constitute the most abundant products in lichens, whereas the substances having both ester and ether bonds among the two phenolic units depsidones revealed a higher capacity to absorb UVC radiation that could indicate a primitive origin. Se hicieron análisis fotoquímicos de compuestos secundarios presentes en líquenes de la zona nival andina venezolana con la finalidad de conocer su capacidad de absorber las radiaciones ultravioletas UVA, UVB y UVC e inferir en la probable función protectora de estos compuestos ante estas radiaciones. Para la separación e identificación de sustancias se utilizaron técnicas espectrofotométricas (UV) y técnicas de cromatografía de capa fina (TLC). Para el estudio climático de la zona nival se utilizaron registros de la Red Bioclimática del Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Programa de la Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela. Los resultados revelaron que, de las 22 especies encontradas, el 55% presentó una resistencia potencial a la radiación UVC, el 95% a la radiación UVB y el 100% a la radiación UVA. Entre las sustancias identificadas, las que presentaron mayor resistencia a las radiaciones UVA y UVB se caracterizan por presentar enlaces tipo éster entre las unidades fenólicas (dépsidos) y constituyen los productos más abundantes en estos líquenes. Mientras que, las sustancias con enlaces tipo éster y éter entre las dos unidades fenólicas (depsidonas), tienen alta capacidad de absorber radiación UVC, lo cual sugiere que el fenómeno de protección podría ser de origen primitivo. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid (Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC) Alta Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 65 1