FUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 2: 137Cs AND 134Cs IN GRASSLAND VEGETATION

Samples of vegetation (vascular plants) were collected at 14 grasslands on Kunashir, Iturup, Urup and Paramushir Islands in August–September 2012. All surveyed grasslands were virgin lands with respect to Fukushima fallout. Four plots were used as pastures for cattle in 2012. About 1 kg of green veg...

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Published in:Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene
Main Authors: V. Ramzaev P., A. Barkovsky N., A. Gromov V., S. Ivanov A., M. Kaduka V., В. Рамзаев П., А. Барковский Н., А. Громов В., С. Иванов А., М. Кадука В.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:Russian
English
Published: NIIRG 2018
Subjects:
Tag
Online Access:https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/550
https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-2-7-19
id ftjrh:oai:oai.radhyd.elpub.ru:article/550
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institution Open Polar
collection Radiation Hygiene (E-Journal)
op_collection_id ftjrh
language Russian
English
topic Fukushima accident
global fallout
Sakhalin Region
Kuril Islands
grassland
vegetation
134Cs
137Cs
aggregated transfer coefficient
Tag
Фукусимская авария
глобальные выпадения
Сахалинская область
Курильские острова
луга
растительность
агрегированный коэффициент переноса
spellingShingle Fukushima accident
global fallout
Sakhalin Region
Kuril Islands
grassland
vegetation
134Cs
137Cs
aggregated transfer coefficient
Tag
Фукусимская авария
глобальные выпадения
Сахалинская область
Курильские острова
луга
растительность
агрегированный коэффициент переноса
V. Ramzaev P.
A. Barkovsky N.
A. Gromov V.
S. Ivanov A.
M. Kaduka V.
В. Рамзаев П.
А. Барковский Н.
А. Громов В.
С. Иванов А.
М. Кадука В.
FUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 2: 137Cs AND 134Cs IN GRASSLAND VEGETATION
topic_facet Fukushima accident
global fallout
Sakhalin Region
Kuril Islands
grassland
vegetation
134Cs
137Cs
aggregated transfer coefficient
Tag
Фукусимская авария
глобальные выпадения
Сахалинская область
Курильские острова
луга
растительность
агрегированный коэффициент переноса
description Samples of vegetation (vascular plants) were collected at 14 grasslands on Kunashir, Iturup, Urup and Paramushir Islands in August–September 2012. All surveyed grasslands were virgin lands with respect to Fukushima fallout. Four plots were used as pastures for cattle in 2012. About 1 kg of green vegetation (mixed grass-forb crop) was taken from each of 13 plots. Seven samples of wormwood (Artemisia sp.) and three samples of Kuril dwarf bamboo (Sasa sp.) of the same mass were collected for comparison. A density of the above ground biomass was estimated at one of the plots. Activities of 134Cs and 137Cs radionuclides were determined by direct γ-ray spectrometry method using HP-germanium detectors. Inventories of 134Cs and 137Cs in the top 20 cm layer of soil were estimated by the authors earlier for each of these 14 plots based of the soil samples analysis. Caesium-134, a marker of Fukushima fallout, was determined in 18 of 24 vegetation samples. Caesium-137 activity was quantified in all of 24 samples. The activity concentration of the radionuclides in plants (wet weight) ranged from <0.05 Bq kg−1 to 1.6 Bq kg-1 for 134Cs and from 0.06 Bq kg−1 to 5.8 Bq kg-1 for 137Cs. About 2/5 (median = 41%, n = 18) of the total activity of 137Cs in plants was associated with the Fukushima accident. The soil-to-plant aggregated transfer coefficient (Tag) values in mixed grass-forb crop ranged from <0.2 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 to 11 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 for 134Cs and from 0.08 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 to 3.3 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 for 137Cs. The Tag values for 134Cs were statistically significantly higher compared to the Tag values for 137Cs. The median Tag for 134Cs in mixed grass-forb crop decreased in the 2011–2012 period by a factor of about two: from 12 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 to 6.6 × 10–3 m2 kg-1. The ecological half-time, Teco, of 134Cs in the plants was approximately one year. In 2011–2012, the median Tag for pre-Fukushima 137Cs in mixed grass-forb crop was estimated as 0.12 × 10–3 m2 kg-1. This value is lower by a factor of 100 and 50 compared to the median values of Tag that were deduced for Fukushima-derived radiocaesium in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The radiocaesium Tag values for Sasa sp. and Artemisia sp. agreed with those for mixed grass-forb crop. At grasslands with the aboveground biomass density of 1 kg m–2 and the Tag of 6 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 for 134Cs, the contribution of the vegetation contamination to total inventory of the radionuclide did not exceed 1%. For 137Cs, this contribution was less than 0.1%. Образцы растительности (сосудистые растения) были собраны в августе – сентябре 2012 г. на 14 лугах островов Кунашир, Итуруп, Уруп и Парамушир. Все обследованные луга представляли собой целинные участки в отношении фукусимских выпадений. Четыре участка использовались в качестве пастбищ для крупного рогатого скота. Около 1 кг зеленой растительности (смешанные травяные сообщества) было отобрано с каждого из 13 участков. Для сравнения на 7 участках были отобраны пробы полыни (Artemisia sp.) и на 3 участках – пробы курильского карликового бамбука (Sasa sp.) той же массы. На одном из участков была определена плотность надземной биомассы. Активность радионуклидов 134Cs и 137Cs определяли методом прямой γ-спектроскопии с использованием детекторов из особо чистого германия. Запасы 134Cs и 137Cs в верхнем 20-сантиметровом слое почвы для каждого из этих 14 участков были оценены авторами ранее на основе анализа проб почвы. Цезий-134, маркер фукусимских выпадений, был выявлен в 18 из 24 образцов растительности. Активность 137Cs была количественно определена во всех пробах. Удельная активность радионуклидов в растениях (по влажному весу) варьировала от <0,05 Бк⋅кг-1 до 1,6 Бк⋅кг-1 для 134Сs и от 0,06 Бк⋅кг-1 до 5,8 Бк⋅кг-1 для 137Сs. Около 2/5 (медиана=41%, n=18) от общей активности 137Cs в растениях было связано с Фукусимской аварией. Значения агрегированного коэффициента переноса почва – растение (Tag) в смешанных травяных сообществах (исключая Artemisia sp. и Sasa sp.) варьировали от <0,2.10–3 до 11.10–3 м2⋅кг-1 для 134Cs и от 0,08.10–3 до 3,3.10–3 м2⋅кг-1 для 137Cs. Значения Tag для 134Cs были статистически значимо большими по сравнению со значениями Tag для 137Cs. Медианное значение Tag для 134Cs в травяных сообществах снизилось в период 2011–2012 гг. в 2 раза: с 12.10–3 м2⋅кг-1 до 6,6.10–3 м2⋅кг-1. Период экологического полуочищения ( Teco) для «нового» радиоцезия фукусимского происхождения был равен 1 году. Медианное значение Tag для дофукусимского 137Cs в травяных сообществах оценивается величиной 0,12.10–3 м2⋅кг-1. Эта цифра примерно в 100 и 50 раз меньше по сравнению с медианными значениями Tag, оцененными для фукусимского радиоцезия в 2011 г. и 2012 г. соответственно. Значения Tag для радиоцезия в Sasa sp. и Artemisia sp. были близки к таковым в смешанных травяных сообществах. На лугах с плотностью надземной биомассы 1 кг⋅м–2 и Tag, равном 6 . 10–3 м2⋅кг-1 для 134Cs, вклад загрязнения растительности в общий запас радионуклида не превышал 1%. Для 137Cs данный вклад составлял менее 0,1%.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author V. Ramzaev P.
A. Barkovsky N.
A. Gromov V.
S. Ivanov A.
M. Kaduka V.
В. Рамзаев П.
А. Барковский Н.
А. Громов В.
С. Иванов А.
М. Кадука В.
author_facet V. Ramzaev P.
A. Barkovsky N.
A. Gromov V.
S. Ivanov A.
M. Kaduka V.
В. Рамзаев П.
А. Барковский Н.
А. Громов В.
С. Иванов А.
М. Кадука В.
author_sort V. Ramzaev P.
title FUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 2: 137Cs AND 134Cs IN GRASSLAND VEGETATION
title_short FUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 2: 137Cs AND 134Cs IN GRASSLAND VEGETATION
title_full FUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 2: 137Cs AND 134Cs IN GRASSLAND VEGETATION
title_fullStr FUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 2: 137Cs AND 134Cs IN GRASSLAND VEGETATION
title_full_unstemmed FUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 2: 137Cs AND 134Cs IN GRASSLAND VEGETATION
title_sort fukushima fallout in sakhalin region, russia, part 2: 137cs and 134cs in grassland vegetation
publisher NIIRG
publishDate 2018
url https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/550
https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-2-7-19
geographic Fukushima
geographic_facet Fukushima
genre Arctic
Sakhalin
genre_facet Arctic
Sakhalin
op_source Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene; Том 11, № 2 (2018); 7-19
Радиационная гигиена; Том 11, № 2 (2018); 7-19
1998-426X
10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-2
op_relation https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/550/565
https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/550/566
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https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/550
doi:10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-2-7-19
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spelling ftjrh:oai:oai.radhyd.elpub.ru:article/550 2023-05-15T14:28:29+02:00 FUKUSHIMA FALLOUT IN SAKHALIN REGION, RUSSIA, PART 2: 137Cs AND 134Cs IN GRASSLAND VEGETATION ФУКУСИМСКИЕ ВЫПАДЕНИЯ В САХАЛИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ РОССИИ, СООБЩЕНИЕ 2: 137Cs И 134Cs В ЛУГОВЫХ РАСТЕНИЯХ V. Ramzaev P. A. Barkovsky N. A. Gromov V. S. Ivanov A. M. Kaduka V. В. Рамзаев П. А. Барковский Н. А. Громов В. С. Иванов А. М. Кадука В. 2018-07-12 application/pdf https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/550 https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-2-7-19 rus eng rus eng NIIRG https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/550/565 https://www.radhyg.ru/jour/article/view/550/566 Prohl, G., Hoffman, F.O. Radionuclide interception and loss processes in vegetation. In: Modelling of Radionuclide Interception and Loss Processes in Vegetation and of Transfer in Semi-natural Ecosystems. Second Report of the VAMP Terrestrial Working Group. IAEA-TECDOC-857. – International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1996, pp. 9–47. – Available on: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_857_prn.pdf > (accessed 21.04.2018). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Quantification of Radionuclide Transfer in Terrestrial and Freshwater Environments for Radiological Assessments. IAEA-TECDOC-1616. – IAEA, Vienna, 2009. IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Terrestrial and Freshwater Environments. Technical Report Series, Report No. 472. – IAEA, Vienna, 2010. Isaksson, M., Raaf, C. Environmental Radioactivity and Emergency Preparedness. – CRC Press, 2017, 614 pp. Howard, B.J., Johanson, K., Linsley, G.S., Hove, K., Prohl, G., Horyna, J. Transfer of radionuclides by terrestrial food products from semi-natural ecosystems to humans. In: Modelling of Radionuclide Interception and Loss Processes in Vegetation and of Transfer in Semi-natural Ecosystems. 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CC-BY Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene; Том 11, № 2 (2018); 7-19 Радиационная гигиена; Том 11, № 2 (2018); 7-19 1998-426X 10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-2 Fukushima accident global fallout Sakhalin Region Kuril Islands grassland vegetation 134Cs 137Cs aggregated transfer coefficient Tag Фукусимская авария глобальные выпадения Сахалинская область Курильские острова луга растительность агрегированный коэффициент переноса info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2018 ftjrh https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-2-7-19 https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426X-2018-11-2 2021-11-29T18:05:50Z Samples of vegetation (vascular plants) were collected at 14 grasslands on Kunashir, Iturup, Urup and Paramushir Islands in August–September 2012. All surveyed grasslands were virgin lands with respect to Fukushima fallout. Four plots were used as pastures for cattle in 2012. About 1 kg of green vegetation (mixed grass-forb crop) was taken from each of 13 plots. Seven samples of wormwood (Artemisia sp.) and three samples of Kuril dwarf bamboo (Sasa sp.) of the same mass were collected for comparison. A density of the above ground biomass was estimated at one of the plots. Activities of 134Cs and 137Cs radionuclides were determined by direct γ-ray spectrometry method using HP-germanium detectors. Inventories of 134Cs and 137Cs in the top 20 cm layer of soil were estimated by the authors earlier for each of these 14 plots based of the soil samples analysis. Caesium-134, a marker of Fukushima fallout, was determined in 18 of 24 vegetation samples. Caesium-137 activity was quantified in all of 24 samples. The activity concentration of the radionuclides in plants (wet weight) ranged from <0.05 Bq kg−1 to 1.6 Bq kg-1 for 134Cs and from 0.06 Bq kg−1 to 5.8 Bq kg-1 for 137Cs. About 2/5 (median = 41%, n = 18) of the total activity of 137Cs in plants was associated with the Fukushima accident. The soil-to-plant aggregated transfer coefficient (Tag) values in mixed grass-forb crop ranged from <0.2 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 to 11 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 for 134Cs and from 0.08 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 to 3.3 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 for 137Cs. The Tag values for 134Cs were statistically significantly higher compared to the Tag values for 137Cs. The median Tag for 134Cs in mixed grass-forb crop decreased in the 2011–2012 period by a factor of about two: from 12 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 to 6.6 × 10–3 m2 kg-1. The ecological half-time, Teco, of 134Cs in the plants was approximately one year. In 2011–2012, the median Tag for pre-Fukushima 137Cs in mixed grass-forb crop was estimated as 0.12 × 10–3 m2 kg-1. This value is lower by a factor of 100 and 50 compared to the median values of Tag that were deduced for Fukushima-derived radiocaesium in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The radiocaesium Tag values for Sasa sp. and Artemisia sp. agreed with those for mixed grass-forb crop. At grasslands with the aboveground biomass density of 1 kg m–2 and the Tag of 6 × 10–3 m2 kg-1 for 134Cs, the contribution of the vegetation contamination to total inventory of the radionuclide did not exceed 1%. For 137Cs, this contribution was less than 0.1%. Образцы растительности (сосудистые растения) были собраны в августе – сентябре 2012 г. на 14 лугах островов Кунашир, Итуруп, Уруп и Парамушир. Все обследованные луга представляли собой целинные участки в отношении фукусимских выпадений. Четыре участка использовались в качестве пастбищ для крупного рогатого скота. Около 1 кг зеленой растительности (смешанные травяные сообщества) было отобрано с каждого из 13 участков. Для сравнения на 7 участках были отобраны пробы полыни (Artemisia sp.) и на 3 участках – пробы курильского карликового бамбука (Sasa sp.) той же массы. На одном из участков была определена плотность надземной биомассы. Активность радионуклидов 134Cs и 137Cs определяли методом прямой γ-спектроскопии с использованием детекторов из особо чистого германия. Запасы 134Cs и 137Cs в верхнем 20-сантиметровом слое почвы для каждого из этих 14 участков были оценены авторами ранее на основе анализа проб почвы. Цезий-134, маркер фукусимских выпадений, был выявлен в 18 из 24 образцов растительности. Активность 137Cs была количественно определена во всех пробах. Удельная активность радионуклидов в растениях (по влажному весу) варьировала от <0,05 Бк⋅кг-1 до 1,6 Бк⋅кг-1 для 134Сs и от 0,06 Бк⋅кг-1 до 5,8 Бк⋅кг-1 для 137Сs. Около 2/5 (медиана=41%, n=18) от общей активности 137Cs в растениях было связано с Фукусимской аварией. Значения агрегированного коэффициента переноса почва – растение (Tag) в смешанных травяных сообществах (исключая Artemisia sp. и Sasa sp.) варьировали от <0,2.10–3 до 11.10–3 м2⋅кг-1 для 134Cs и от 0,08.10–3 до 3,3.10–3 м2⋅кг-1 для 137Cs. Значения Tag для 134Cs были статистически значимо большими по сравнению со значениями Tag для 137Cs. Медианное значение Tag для 134Cs в травяных сообществах снизилось в период 2011–2012 гг. в 2 раза: с 12.10–3 м2⋅кг-1 до 6,6.10–3 м2⋅кг-1. Период экологического полуочищения ( Teco) для «нового» радиоцезия фукусимского происхождения был равен 1 году. Медианное значение Tag для дофукусимского 137Cs в травяных сообществах оценивается величиной 0,12.10–3 м2⋅кг-1. Эта цифра примерно в 100 и 50 раз меньше по сравнению с медианными значениями Tag, оцененными для фукусимского радиоцезия в 2011 г. и 2012 г. соответственно. Значения Tag для радиоцезия в Sasa sp. и Artemisia sp. были близки к таковым в смешанных травяных сообществах. На лугах с плотностью надземной биомассы 1 кг⋅м–2 и Tag, равном 6 . 10–3 м2⋅кг-1 для 134Cs, вклад загрязнения растительности в общий запас радионуклида не превышал 1%. Для 137Cs данный вклад составлял менее 0,1%. 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