Tourism in Antarctica: conceptual precisions, general principles and theoretical perspectives
For half a century Antarctic tourism has turned from being an elitist activity to become an economic sector that attracts a growing number of travelers. At present, the current human presence on the Antarctic continent brings about a dichotomy; on the one hand, nature tourists cruises, which may or...
| Published in: | Estudios Geográficos |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| Language: | Spanish |
| Published: |
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://estudiosgeograficos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgeograficos/article/view/481 https://doi.org/10.3989/estgeogr.201609 |
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ftjreg:oai:estudiosgeograficos.revistas.csic.es:article/481 |
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Open Polar |
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Estudios Geográficos (E-Journal) |
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ftjreg |
| language |
Spanish |
| topic |
Antarctica ecotourism scientific tourism Antarctic tourism Antártida ecoturismo turismo científico turismo antártico |
| spellingShingle |
Antarctica ecotourism scientific tourism Antarctic tourism Antártida ecoturismo turismo científico turismo antártico Pardo Abad, Carlos J. Nieto Codina, Aurelio Tourism in Antarctica: conceptual precisions, general principles and theoretical perspectives |
| topic_facet |
Antarctica ecotourism scientific tourism Antarctic tourism Antártida ecoturismo turismo científico turismo antártico |
| description |
For half a century Antarctic tourism has turned from being an elitist activity to become an economic sector that attracts a growing number of travelers. At present, the current human presence on the Antarctic continent brings about a dichotomy; on the one hand, nature tourists cruises, which may or may not land in Antarctica; on the other hand, scientific missions (another example of tourists), that in many cases maintain a continuous presence throughout the year. In this paper we examine this unique aspect, relating to international legislative regulation, reviewing theoretical approaches contributed by different authors, characterizing the problems arising from tourism and ecological impact of specifying the recent trends of Antarctic tourism from a geographical perspective. Desde hace medio siglo el turismo antártico ha pasado de ser una actividad elitista a un sector económico que moviliza a un número creciente de viajeros. En la actualidad, la presencia humana en el continente antártico se caracteriza por su dicotomía; por un lado, los turistas de naturaleza y de crucero, que pueden o no tomar tierra al llegar a la Antártida; por otro, los turistas científicos, que son los únicos que en algunos casos pueden mantener una presencia continuada durante todo el año. En este estudio se reflexiona sobre este aspecto singular, relacionándolo con la regulación legislativa internacional, revisando los enfoques teóricos aportados por diferentes autores, caracterizando los problemas derivados del impacto ecológico del turismo y precisando las tendencias recientes del turismo antártico desde una perspectiva geográfica. |
| format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| author |
Pardo Abad, Carlos J. Nieto Codina, Aurelio |
| author_facet |
Pardo Abad, Carlos J. Nieto Codina, Aurelio |
| author_sort |
Pardo Abad, Carlos J. |
| title |
Tourism in Antarctica: conceptual precisions, general principles and theoretical perspectives |
| title_short |
Tourism in Antarctica: conceptual precisions, general principles and theoretical perspectives |
| title_full |
Tourism in Antarctica: conceptual precisions, general principles and theoretical perspectives |
| title_fullStr |
Tourism in Antarctica: conceptual precisions, general principles and theoretical perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Tourism in Antarctica: conceptual precisions, general principles and theoretical perspectives |
| title_sort |
tourism in antarctica: conceptual precisions, general principles and theoretical perspectives |
| publisher |
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
https://estudiosgeograficos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgeograficos/article/view/481 https://doi.org/10.3989/estgeogr.201609 |
| geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
| geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
| genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Antártida Arctic Polar Record Polar Research Polarforschung |
| genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Antártida Arctic Polar Record Polar Research Polarforschung |
| op_source |
Estudios Geográficos; Vol. 77 No. 280 (2016); 241-273 Estudios Geográficos; Vol. 77 Núm. 280 (2016); 241-273 1988-8546 0014-1496 10.3989/egeogr.2016.i280 |
| op_relation |
https://estudiosgeograficos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgeograficos/article/view/481/481 Amelung, B. y Lamers, M. (2006): "Scenario Development for Antarctic Tourism: Exploring the Uncertainties, Polarforschung, 2-3, pp. 133-139. Bastmeijer, C. A. (2005): "Managing Human Activities in Antarctica: Should Wilderness Protection Count?", New Zealand Yearbook of International Law 2005, pp. 335-353. Bastmeijer, C. A. (2011): "Long Term Strategy for Antarctic Tourism: the Key to Decision Making within the Antarctic Treaty System", en P. T. Maher (ed.), Polar Tourism: Human, Environmental and Governance Dimensions, Nueva York, Cognizant Communications Corp., pp. 167-185. Bastmeijer, C. A. y Roura, R. (2004): "Regulating Antarctic Tourism and the Precautionary Principle", The American Journal of International Law, 98/4, pp. 763-781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3216699 Batista, J. M. (2001): España y la Antártida: contribución de la ciencia y de las Fuerzas Armadas Españolas al conocimiento del sexto continente, Madrid, Ministerio de Defensa. Bauer, T. G. (2001): Tourism in the Antarctic: Opportunities, Constraints and Future Prospects, Nueva York, Haworth Press. Benayas, J. et al. (2008): Informe sobre el turismo comercial en la Antártida. Campa-a 2007/2008, Barcelona, Fundación Abertis. Benayas, J. y Boada, M. (2010): Valoración del impacto ambiental del turismo comercial sobre los ecosistemas antárticos, Barcelona, Fundación Abertis. Boczek, B. (1987): "The Legal Status of Visitors, Including Tourists and Non-governmental Expeditions in Antarctica", en R. Wolfrum, (ed.), Antarctic Challenge III: Conflicting Interests, Cooperation, Environmental Protection, Economic Development. Proceedings of an Interdisciplinary Symposium, Berlín, Duncker & Humblot, pp. 455-490. Cabeza, L. (2011): Científicos en el fin del mundo. El conocimiento de los polos como exploración, Madrid, Editorial Hélice. Cater, E. y Lowman, G. (1994): Ecotourism: a Sustainable Option? Nueva York, Editorial John Wiley & Sons. PMCid:PMC504711 Cessford, G. (1997): "Antarctic Tourism. A Frontier for Wilderness Management", International Journal of Wilderness, 3/3, pp. 7-11. Choquet, A. (2009): "Le cadre juridique des activités touristiques et no gouvernementales en Antarctique", Téoros. Révue de Recherche en Tourisme, 28/1, pp. 61-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024837ar Davis, P. (1999): "Beyond Guidelines. A Model for Antarctic Tourism", Annals of Tourism Research, 26, pp. 516-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00106-6 Edgell, D. L. y Swanson, J. R. (2013): Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Abingdon, Routledge. Enzenbacher, D. (1992): "Tourists in Antarctica: Numbers and Trends", Polar Record, 28/164, pp. 17-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400020210 Enzenbacher, D. (1994): "Antarctic Tourism: an Overview of 1992/93 Season Activity Recent Developments and Emerging Issues", Polar Record, 30/173, pp. 105-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400021318 Enzenbacher, D. (1995): "The Management of Antarctic Tourism: Environmental Issues, the Adequacy of Current Regulations and Policy Options with the Antarctic Treaty System", tesis doctoral, Cambridge, Universidad de Cambridge. Fowler, A. N. (2000): COMNAP: the National Managers in Antarctica, Baltimore, American Literary Press. Frenot, Y. (2007): L'emergence d'un tourisme de masse en Antarctique, París, Institut Polair Français. Grenier, A. A. (2009): "Conceptualisation du tourisme polaire: cartographier une experience aux confins de l'imaginaire", Téoros. Révue de Recherche en Tourisme, 28/1, pp. 7-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024832ar Guyer, R. (2001): "Circunstancias que llevaron a la negociación y adopción del Tratado Antártico en 1959", en A. Abruza, (coord.), A cien a-os de la presencia permanente e ininterrumpida de la Argentina en la Antártida, Ushuaia, Gobierno de la Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, pp. 36-40. Haase, D., Lamers, M. y Amelung, B. (2009): "Heading into Uncharted Territory? Exploring the Institutional Robustness of Self-regulation in the Antarctic Tourism Sector", Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17/4, pp. 411-430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669580802495717 Hall, C. M. y Johnston, M. E. (1995): Polar Tourism: Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions, Nueva York, Editorial John Wiley & Sons. Hall, C. M. y McArthur, S. (1993): "Ecotourism in Antarctica and Adjacent Sub- Antarctic Islands: Development, Impacts, Management and Prospects for the Future", Tourism Management, 14/2, pp. 117-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(93)90044-L Harris, C. M. (2005): "Aircraft Operations near Concentrations of Birds in Antarctica: the Development of Practical Guidelines", Biological Conservation, 125, pp. 309-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.04.002 Headland, R. (1994): "Historical Development of Antarctic Tourism", Annals of Tourism Research, 21/2, pp. 269-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90044-2 Hernández, J. A. (2008): "Turismo de masas y transporte: el gran reto del turismo del siglo XXI ", Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, XII/258, 1 de febrero de 2008, http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-258.htm. (Fecha de consulta: 15 de noviembre de 2013). Hofman, R. J. y Jatko, J. (eds.) (2002): Assessment of the Possible Cumulative Environmental Impacts of Commercial Ship-based Tourism in the Antarctic Peninsula Area, Washington, National Science Foundation. Hunter, C. (1997): "Sustainable Tourism as an Adaptive Paradigm", Annals of Tourism Research, 24, pp. 850-867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00036-4 Jensen, M. y Daverio, M. E. (2008): Ushuaia, Argentina: 50 a-os como puerta de entrada marítima al continente antártico, Ushuaia, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia. Jerez, S. (2012): "Los pingüinos: bioindicadores de la contaminación ambiental en la península Antártica e islas asociadas", tesis doctoral dirigida por Miguel Motas y Andrés Barbosa, Universidad de Murcia. Johnston, M. (1997): "Polar Tourism Regulation Strategies: Controlling Visitors through Codes of Conduct and Legislation", Polar Record, 33/184, pp. 13-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400014121 Johnston, M. (1998): "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Visitor Regulation Strategies for Polar Tourism", Polar Record, 43/188, pp. 25-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400014947 Lamers, M. (2009): "The Future of Tourism in Antarctica. Challenges of Sustainability", tesis doctoral dirigida por J. H. Stel, Maastricht, Universidad de Maastricht. Lamers, M., Haase, D. y Amelung, B. (2008): "Facing the Elements: Analyzing Trends in Antarctic Tourism", Tourism Review, 63/1, pp. 15-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/16605370810861017 Lamers, M., Liggett, D. y Amelung, B. (2012): "Strategic Challenges of Tourism Development and Governance in Antarctica: Taking Stock and Moving Forward", Polar Research, 31, pp. 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v31i0.17219 Laws, E. (1995): Tourist Destination Management: Issues, Analysis and Policies, Londres, Routledge. Liggett, D. H. (2009): Tourism in the Antarctic: Modi Operandi and Regulatory Effectiveness, Saarbrücken, VDM Verlag. Lois, C. (2006): "Técnica, política y deseo territorial' en la cartografía oficial de la Argentina (1852-1841)", Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, X/218, 1 de agosto de 2006, http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-218-52.htm (Fecha de consulta: 15 de noviembre de 2013). Mason, P. y Legg, S. J. (2000): "The Growth of Tourism in Antarctica", Geography, 85, pp. 358-362. Molenaar, E. J. (2005): "Sea-borne Tourism in Antarctica: Avenues for Further Intergovernmental Regulation", International Journal for Marine and Coastal Law, 20, pp. 247-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180805775094454 Murray, C. y Jabour, J. (2004): "Independent Expeditions and Antarctic Tourism Policy", Polar Record, 40/215, pp. 309-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247404003791 Navarro, D. (2015): "Recursos y atractivos turísticos: conceptualización, clasificación y valoración", Cuadernos de Turismo, 35, pp. 335-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/turismo.35.221641 Nicholson, I. (1986): "Antarctic Tourism: the Need for a Legal Regime?", Maritime Studies, 29, pp. 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07266472.1986.11733433 Pardo, C. J. y Nieto, A. (2015): "Turismo antártico: naturaleza y ciencia en los confines del turismo contemporáneo", Anales de Geografía, 35/1, pp. 139-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_aguc.2015.v35.n1.48967 Pertierra, J. et al. (2011): "Evolución del turismo en la Antártida: impactos y tendencias", Quercus, 300, pp. 52-60. Pfeiffer, S. y Peter, H. U. (2004): "Ecological Studies toward the Management of an Antarctic Tourist Landing Site (Penguin Island, South Shetland Islands)", Polar Record, 40, pp. 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247404003845 Rossi, S. (2013): Un viaje a la Antártida. Un científico en el continente olvidado, Barcelona, Tusquets. |
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ftjreg:oai:estudiosgeograficos.revistas.csic.es:article/481 2023-05-15T13:53:25+02:00 Tourism in Antarctica: conceptual precisions, general principles and theoretical perspectives Turismo en la Antártida: precisiones conceptuales, principios generales y perspectivas teóricas Pardo Abad, Carlos J. Nieto Codina, Aurelio 2016-06-30 application/pdf https://estudiosgeograficos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgeograficos/article/view/481 https://doi.org/10.3989/estgeogr.201609 spa spa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas https://estudiosgeograficos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgeograficos/article/view/481/481 Amelung, B. y Lamers, M. (2006): "Scenario Development for Antarctic Tourism: Exploring the Uncertainties, Polarforschung, 2-3, pp. 133-139. Bastmeijer, C. A. (2005): "Managing Human Activities in Antarctica: Should Wilderness Protection Count?", New Zealand Yearbook of International Law 2005, pp. 335-353. Bastmeijer, C. A. (2011): "Long Term Strategy for Antarctic Tourism: the Key to Decision Making within the Antarctic Treaty System", en P. T. Maher (ed.), Polar Tourism: Human, Environmental and Governance Dimensions, Nueva York, Cognizant Communications Corp., pp. 167-185. Bastmeijer, C. A. y Roura, R. (2004): "Regulating Antarctic Tourism and the Precautionary Principle", The American Journal of International Law, 98/4, pp. 763-781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3216699 Batista, J. M. (2001): España y la Antártida: contribución de la ciencia y de las Fuerzas Armadas Españolas al conocimiento del sexto continente, Madrid, Ministerio de Defensa. Bauer, T. G. (2001): Tourism in the Antarctic: Opportunities, Constraints and Future Prospects, Nueva York, Haworth Press. Benayas, J. et al. (2008): Informe sobre el turismo comercial en la Antártida. Campa-a 2007/2008, Barcelona, Fundación Abertis. Benayas, J. y Boada, M. (2010): Valoración del impacto ambiental del turismo comercial sobre los ecosistemas antárticos, Barcelona, Fundación Abertis. Boczek, B. (1987): "The Legal Status of Visitors, Including Tourists and Non-governmental Expeditions in Antarctica", en R. Wolfrum, (ed.), Antarctic Challenge III: Conflicting Interests, Cooperation, Environmental Protection, Economic Development. Proceedings of an Interdisciplinary Symposium, Berlín, Duncker & Humblot, pp. 455-490. Cabeza, L. (2011): Científicos en el fin del mundo. El conocimiento de los polos como exploración, Madrid, Editorial Hélice. Cater, E. y Lowman, G. (1994): Ecotourism: a Sustainable Option? Nueva York, Editorial John Wiley & Sons. PMCid:PMC504711 Cessford, G. (1997): "Antarctic Tourism. A Frontier for Wilderness Management", International Journal of Wilderness, 3/3, pp. 7-11. Choquet, A. (2009): "Le cadre juridique des activités touristiques et no gouvernementales en Antarctique", Téoros. Révue de Recherche en Tourisme, 28/1, pp. 61-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024837ar Davis, P. (1999): "Beyond Guidelines. A Model for Antarctic Tourism", Annals of Tourism Research, 26, pp. 516-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00106-6 Edgell, D. L. y Swanson, J. R. (2013): Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Abingdon, Routledge. Enzenbacher, D. (1992): "Tourists in Antarctica: Numbers and Trends", Polar Record, 28/164, pp. 17-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400020210 Enzenbacher, D. (1994): "Antarctic Tourism: an Overview of 1992/93 Season Activity Recent Developments and Emerging Issues", Polar Record, 30/173, pp. 105-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400021318 Enzenbacher, D. (1995): "The Management of Antarctic Tourism: Environmental Issues, the Adequacy of Current Regulations and Policy Options with the Antarctic Treaty System", tesis doctoral, Cambridge, Universidad de Cambridge. Fowler, A. N. (2000): COMNAP: the National Managers in Antarctica, Baltimore, American Literary Press. Frenot, Y. (2007): L'emergence d'un tourisme de masse en Antarctique, París, Institut Polair Français. Grenier, A. A. (2009): "Conceptualisation du tourisme polaire: cartographier une experience aux confins de l'imaginaire", Téoros. Révue de Recherche en Tourisme, 28/1, pp. 7-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024832ar Guyer, R. (2001): "Circunstancias que llevaron a la negociación y adopción del Tratado Antártico en 1959", en A. Abruza, (coord.), A cien a-os de la presencia permanente e ininterrumpida de la Argentina en la Antártida, Ushuaia, Gobierno de la Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, pp. 36-40. Haase, D., Lamers, M. y Amelung, B. (2009): "Heading into Uncharted Territory? Exploring the Institutional Robustness of Self-regulation in the Antarctic Tourism Sector", Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17/4, pp. 411-430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669580802495717 Hall, C. M. y Johnston, M. E. (1995): Polar Tourism: Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions, Nueva York, Editorial John Wiley & Sons. Hall, C. M. y McArthur, S. (1993): "Ecotourism in Antarctica and Adjacent Sub- Antarctic Islands: Development, Impacts, Management and Prospects for the Future", Tourism Management, 14/2, pp. 117-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(93)90044-L Harris, C. M. (2005): "Aircraft Operations near Concentrations of Birds in Antarctica: the Development of Practical Guidelines", Biological Conservation, 125, pp. 309-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.04.002 Headland, R. (1994): "Historical Development of Antarctic Tourism", Annals of Tourism Research, 21/2, pp. 269-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90044-2 Hernández, J. A. (2008): "Turismo de masas y transporte: el gran reto del turismo del siglo XXI ", Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, XII/258, 1 de febrero de 2008, http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-258.htm. (Fecha de consulta: 15 de noviembre de 2013). Hofman, R. J. y Jatko, J. (eds.) (2002): Assessment of the Possible Cumulative Environmental Impacts of Commercial Ship-based Tourism in the Antarctic Peninsula Area, Washington, National Science Foundation. Hunter, C. (1997): "Sustainable Tourism as an Adaptive Paradigm", Annals of Tourism Research, 24, pp. 850-867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00036-4 Jensen, M. y Daverio, M. E. (2008): Ushuaia, Argentina: 50 a-os como puerta de entrada marítima al continente antártico, Ushuaia, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia. Jerez, S. (2012): "Los pingüinos: bioindicadores de la contaminación ambiental en la península Antártica e islas asociadas", tesis doctoral dirigida por Miguel Motas y Andrés Barbosa, Universidad de Murcia. Johnston, M. (1997): "Polar Tourism Regulation Strategies: Controlling Visitors through Codes of Conduct and Legislation", Polar Record, 33/184, pp. 13-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400014121 Johnston, M. (1998): "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Visitor Regulation Strategies for Polar Tourism", Polar Record, 43/188, pp. 25-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400014947 Lamers, M. (2009): "The Future of Tourism in Antarctica. Challenges of Sustainability", tesis doctoral dirigida por J. H. Stel, Maastricht, Universidad de Maastricht. Lamers, M., Haase, D. y Amelung, B. (2008): "Facing the Elements: Analyzing Trends in Antarctic Tourism", Tourism Review, 63/1, pp. 15-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/16605370810861017 Lamers, M., Liggett, D. y Amelung, B. (2012): "Strategic Challenges of Tourism Development and Governance in Antarctica: Taking Stock and Moving Forward", Polar Research, 31, pp. 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v31i0.17219 Laws, E. (1995): Tourist Destination Management: Issues, Analysis and Policies, Londres, Routledge. Liggett, D. H. (2009): Tourism in the Antarctic: Modi Operandi and Regulatory Effectiveness, Saarbrücken, VDM Verlag. Lois, C. (2006): "Técnica, política y deseo territorial' en la cartografía oficial de la Argentina (1852-1841)", Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, X/218, 1 de agosto de 2006, http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-218-52.htm (Fecha de consulta: 15 de noviembre de 2013). Mason, P. y Legg, S. J. (2000): "The Growth of Tourism in Antarctica", Geography, 85, pp. 358-362. Molenaar, E. J. (2005): "Sea-borne Tourism in Antarctica: Avenues for Further Intergovernmental Regulation", International Journal for Marine and Coastal Law, 20, pp. 247-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180805775094454 Murray, C. y Jabour, J. (2004): "Independent Expeditions and Antarctic Tourism Policy", Polar Record, 40/215, pp. 309-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247404003791 Navarro, D. (2015): "Recursos y atractivos turísticos: conceptualización, clasificación y valoración", Cuadernos de Turismo, 35, pp. 335-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/turismo.35.221641 Nicholson, I. (1986): "Antarctic Tourism: the Need for a Legal Regime?", Maritime Studies, 29, pp. 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07266472.1986.11733433 Pardo, C. J. y Nieto, A. (2015): "Turismo antártico: naturaleza y ciencia en los confines del turismo contemporáneo", Anales de Geografía, 35/1, pp. 139-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_aguc.2015.v35.n1.48967 Pertierra, J. et al. (2011): "Evolución del turismo en la Antártida: impactos y tendencias", Quercus, 300, pp. 52-60. Pfeiffer, S. y Peter, H. U. (2004): "Ecological Studies toward the Management of an Antarctic Tourist Landing Site (Penguin Island, South Shetland Islands)", Polar Record, 40, pp. 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247404003845 Rossi, S. (2013): Un viaje a la Antártida. Un científico en el continente olvidado, Barcelona, Tusquets. Derechos de autor 2016 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Estudios Geográficos; Vol. 77 No. 280 (2016); 241-273 Estudios Geográficos; Vol. 77 Núm. 280 (2016); 241-273 1988-8546 0014-1496 10.3989/egeogr.2016.i280 Antarctica ecotourism scientific tourism Antarctic tourism Antártida ecoturismo turismo científico turismo antártico info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed article Artículo revisado por pares 2016 ftjreg https://doi.org/10.3989/estgeogr.201609 https://doi.org/10.3989/egeogr.2016.i280 https://doi.org/10.2307/3216699 https://doi.org/10.7202/1024837ar https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00106-6 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400020210 https:// 2022-06-12T20:26:29Z For half a century Antarctic tourism has turned from being an elitist activity to become an economic sector that attracts a growing number of travelers. At present, the current human presence on the Antarctic continent brings about a dichotomy; on the one hand, nature tourists cruises, which may or may not land in Antarctica; on the other hand, scientific missions (another example of tourists), that in many cases maintain a continuous presence throughout the year. In this paper we examine this unique aspect, relating to international legislative regulation, reviewing theoretical approaches contributed by different authors, characterizing the problems arising from tourism and ecological impact of specifying the recent trends of Antarctic tourism from a geographical perspective. Desde hace medio siglo el turismo antártico ha pasado de ser una actividad elitista a un sector económico que moviliza a un número creciente de viajeros. En la actualidad, la presencia humana en el continente antártico se caracteriza por su dicotomía; por un lado, los turistas de naturaleza y de crucero, que pueden o no tomar tierra al llegar a la Antártida; por otro, los turistas científicos, que son los únicos que en algunos casos pueden mantener una presencia continuada durante todo el año. En este estudio se reflexiona sobre este aspecto singular, relacionándolo con la regulación legislativa internacional, revisando los enfoques teóricos aportados por diferentes autores, caracterizando los problemas derivados del impacto ecológico del turismo y precisando las tendencias recientes del turismo antártico desde una perspectiva geográfica. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Antártida Arctic Polar Record Polar Research Polarforschung Estudios Geográficos (E-Journal) Antarctic The Antarctic Estudios Geográficos 77 280 241 273 |