The dispute over sovereignty of the northern Antarctic zone (2012-2022)

This article analyzes the dispute over the northern part of Antarctica, particularly the Antarctic Peninsula, involving Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom, as well as Brazil’s sovereign claim, from 2012 to 2022 through the lens of classical geopolitics. It is grounded in a documentary review o...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Garrido-Quiroz, Aldo Andrés
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:Spanish
Published: Sello Editorial ESMIC - Escuela Militar de Cadetes "General José María Córdova" 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://revistacientificaesmic.com/index.php/esmic/article/view/1209
https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.1209
Description
Summary:This article analyzes the dispute over the northern part of Antarctica, particularly the Antarctic Peninsula, involving Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom, as well as Brazil’s sovereign claim, from 2012 to 2022 through the lens of classical geopolitics. It is grounded in a documentary review of treaties, state declarations, specialized literature, and press releases. Employing a qualitative and comparative methodology, the text delineates events between 1938 and 1959, explicating territorial claims and the Antarctic Treaty, which has preserved geopolitical stability until recently when new technological, environmental, and geopolitical challenges emerged. The article posits that these national territorial assertions render the notion of Antarctica as a Common Heritage of Humanity untenable. Este artículo analiza la disputa por la zona septentrional de la Antártica, en especial por la península antártica, entre Argentina, Chile y Reino Unido, junto a la pretensión soberana de Brasil, en el periodo de 2012 a 2022, desde la perspectiva de la geopolítica clásica. Se basa en una revisión documental de tratados, declaraciones de los Estados, bibliografía especializada y notas de prensa. A través de una metodología cualitativa y comparativa, se describen los eventos entre 1938 y 1959, se explican y comparan las reclamaciones territoriales y el Tratado Antártico, que ha mantenido la estabilidad geopolítica hasta los años recientes, cuando han surgido nuevos desafíos tecnológicos, ambientales y geopolíticos. Se argumenta que estas pretensiones territoriales nacionales hacen insostenible la idea de que el continente blanco sea Patrimonio Común de la Humanidad.