Development of Analytical Techniques for Studies on Dispersion of Actinides in the Environment and Characterization of Environmental Radioactive Particles
Radioactive particles from three locations were investigated for elemental composition, oxidation states of matrix elements, and origin. Instrumental techniques applied to the task were scanning electron microscopy, X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and synchrotron r...
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University of Helsinki
2006
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ftjrc:oai:publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu:JRC35712 2024-09-15T18:10:02+00:00 Development of Analytical Techniques for Studies on Dispersion of Actinides in the Environment and Characterization of Environmental Radioactive Particles JERNSTROEM Jussi 2006 Print https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC35712 eng eng University of Helsinki JRC35712 2006 ftjrc 2024-07-22T04:42:14Z Radioactive particles from three locations were investigated for elemental composition, oxidation states of matrix elements, and origin. Instrumental techniques applied to the task were scanning electron microscopy, X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and synchrotron radiation based microanalytical techniques comprising X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence tomography, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Uranium-containing low activity particles collected from Irish Sea sediments were characterized in terms of composition and distribution of matrix elements and the oxidation states of uranium. Indications of the origin were obtained from the intensity ratios and the presence of thorium, uranium, and plutonium. Uranium in the particles was found to exist mostly as U(IV). Studies on plutonium particles from Runit Island (Marshall Islands) soil indicated that the samples were weapon fuel fragments originating from two separate detonations: a safety test and a low-yield test. The plutonium in the particles was found to be of similar age. The distribution and oxidation states of uranium and plutonium in the matrix of weapon fuel particles from Thule (Greenland) sediments were investigated. The variations in intensity ratios observed with different techniques indicated more than one origin. Uranium in particle matrixes was mostly U(IV), but plutonium existed in some particles mainly as Pu(IV), and in others mainly as oxidized Pu(VI). The results demonstrated that the various techniques were effectively applied in the characterization of environmental radioactive particles. An on-line method was developed for separating americium from environmental samples. The procedure utilizes extraction chromatography to separate americium from light lanthanides, and cation exchange to concentrate americium before the final separation in an ion chromatography column. The separated radiochemically pure americium fraction is measured by alpha spectrometry. The method was ... Other/Unknown Material Greenland Thule Joint Research Centre, European Commission: JRC Publications Repository |
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Joint Research Centre, European Commission: JRC Publications Repository |
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English |
description |
Radioactive particles from three locations were investigated for elemental composition, oxidation states of matrix elements, and origin. Instrumental techniques applied to the task were scanning electron microscopy, X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and synchrotron radiation based microanalytical techniques comprising X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence tomography, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Uranium-containing low activity particles collected from Irish Sea sediments were characterized in terms of composition and distribution of matrix elements and the oxidation states of uranium. Indications of the origin were obtained from the intensity ratios and the presence of thorium, uranium, and plutonium. Uranium in the particles was found to exist mostly as U(IV). Studies on plutonium particles from Runit Island (Marshall Islands) soil indicated that the samples were weapon fuel fragments originating from two separate detonations: a safety test and a low-yield test. The plutonium in the particles was found to be of similar age. The distribution and oxidation states of uranium and plutonium in the matrix of weapon fuel particles from Thule (Greenland) sediments were investigated. The variations in intensity ratios observed with different techniques indicated more than one origin. Uranium in particle matrixes was mostly U(IV), but plutonium existed in some particles mainly as Pu(IV), and in others mainly as oxidized Pu(VI). The results demonstrated that the various techniques were effectively applied in the characterization of environmental radioactive particles. An on-line method was developed for separating americium from environmental samples. The procedure utilizes extraction chromatography to separate americium from light lanthanides, and cation exchange to concentrate americium before the final separation in an ion chromatography column. The separated radiochemically pure americium fraction is measured by alpha spectrometry. The method was ... |
author |
JERNSTROEM Jussi |
spellingShingle |
JERNSTROEM Jussi Development of Analytical Techniques for Studies on Dispersion of Actinides in the Environment and Characterization of Environmental Radioactive Particles |
author_facet |
JERNSTROEM Jussi |
author_sort |
JERNSTROEM Jussi |
title |
Development of Analytical Techniques for Studies on Dispersion of Actinides in the Environment and Characterization of Environmental Radioactive Particles |
title_short |
Development of Analytical Techniques for Studies on Dispersion of Actinides in the Environment and Characterization of Environmental Radioactive Particles |
title_full |
Development of Analytical Techniques for Studies on Dispersion of Actinides in the Environment and Characterization of Environmental Radioactive Particles |
title_fullStr |
Development of Analytical Techniques for Studies on Dispersion of Actinides in the Environment and Characterization of Environmental Radioactive Particles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of Analytical Techniques for Studies on Dispersion of Actinides in the Environment and Characterization of Environmental Radioactive Particles |
title_sort |
development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles |
publisher |
University of Helsinki |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC35712 |
genre |
Greenland Thule |
genre_facet |
Greenland Thule |
op_relation |
JRC35712 |
_version_ |
1810447630916911104 |