Wind Regime of the Southeast of the West Siberian Plain as a Risk Factor for the Soil Deflation Development in Agricultural Landscapes (the Case of the South of Tomsk Oblast)

• Published in: Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Geograficheskaya
• Main Authors: N. Yevseyeva S., Z. Kvasnikova N., M. Kashiro A., M. Volkova A., O. Nosyreva V., Н. Евсеева С., З. Квасникова Н., М. Каширо А., М. Волкова А., О. Носырева В.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Russian
• Published: Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya 2021
• Subjects: Western Siberia;Tomsk Oblast;wind;deflation;soil resistance to wind; Западно-Сибирская равнина;Томская область;ветер;дефляция;ветроустойчивость почв; taiga; Siberia
• Online Access: https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1353; https://doi.org/10.31857/S258755662104004X

The article analyzes in detail the wind regime of the cold period of the year (October–April) and assesses the deflationary danger of soils in the southern part of the Tomsk Oblast. The source materials were historical-geographical, cartographic, literary sources, wind speed data for the cold period of the weather stations Tomsk (1965–2017), Pervomayskoye (1965–2015) located in the subtaiga zone, and Bakchar (1965–2015) in the southern taiga subzone. For the key section (20 km to the south-east of Tomsk), were used data from observations of the Tomsk aerometric station (AMSC Tomsk), located among agricultural land in an open area (1991–2015). Hourly data on wind speed and direction were analyzed for 2006–2015. Soil resistance to wind erosion is calculated according to the dependence proposed by M.E. Belgibaev. The ratio of the percentage composition of physical clay (less than 0.01 mm) and physical sand (0.01–1.0 mm) was proposed to be called the deflationary hazard indicator (DHI). This indicator is determined for the upper soil horizons (0–10 and 10–20 cm). The value of the DHI is distributed as follows: 0–0.3, very much pliable; 0.3–0.6, very pliable; 0.6–1.2, moderately pliable; 1.2–2.0 or more, slightly pliable. Soil deflation occurs unevenly in time and space and is cyclical in nature from 1–2 to 5–6 years. In the snow layer, up to 824–1848 g/m2 of aeolian particles accumulate during the years of active manifestation (2012). Deflation is most intense in the cold period of the year in the little-snowy winter during blowing snow. In addition, the process develops unevenly due to the influence of the meso- and micro-relief of arable land. Aeolian deposits in the snow layer are closely related to the soils of the region, the humus content reaches in them 5.1%. Проведена оценка режима ветра как фактора риска развития дефляции почв в агроландшафтах юга Томской области на основе многолетних данных метеорологических станций Бакчар и Первомайское (1965–2015 гг.), Томск (1965–2017 гг.) и АМСГ Томск (1991–2015 гг.). Скорости ветра более 6 м/с на высоте флюгера способны вызывать дефляцию почв. Почвы региона, вовлеченные в агропроизводство, имеют преимущественно суглинисто-глинистый гранулометрический состав. Ветроустойчивость их к сильным ветрам слабая. Показатель дефляционной опасности почв, рассчитанный по методике, предложенной М.Е. Бельгибаевым, изменяется в основном от 0.2 до 1.2, т.е. почвы исследуемого региона сильноподатливые и среднеподатливые. Дефляция почв на юго-востоке Западно-Сибирской равнины (в пределах Томской области) развивается как в холодное (октябрь–апрель), так и в теплое (май–сентябрь) время года.