Southern Ocean – the inclement sea surroundings of the icy continent
The latest in a series of Great Geographical Discoveries was the finding of a southern ice continent in 1820. It was long expected, but very late for different reasons. Among the main ones are the physical and geographical characteristics of the Southern Polar Region of the Earth, which was discovered...
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Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | Russian |
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IGRAS
2021
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Online Access: | https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/898 https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673421020091 |
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Ice and Snow (E-Journal) |
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Russian |
topic |
Antarctica;first confirmed sighting;Russian Antarctic Expedition;sloops «Vostok» and «Mirnyy» Антарктида;первое подтверждённое обнаружение;Русская Антарктическая экспедиция;шлюпы «Восток» и «Мирный» |
spellingShingle |
Antarctica;first confirmed sighting;Russian Antarctic Expedition;sloops «Vostok» and «Mirnyy» Антарктида;первое подтверждённое обнаружение;Русская Антарктическая экспедиция;шлюпы «Восток» и «Мирный» V. Ionov V. V. Lukin V. В. Ионов В. В. Лукин В. Southern Ocean – the inclement sea surroundings of the icy continent |
topic_facet |
Antarctica;first confirmed sighting;Russian Antarctic Expedition;sloops «Vostok» and «Mirnyy» Антарктида;первое подтверждённое обнаружение;Русская Антарктическая экспедиция;шлюпы «Восток» и «Мирный» |
description |
The latest in a series of Great Geographical Discoveries was the finding of a southern ice continent in 1820. It was long expected, but very late for different reasons. Among the main ones are the physical and geographical characteristics of the Southern Polar Region of the Earth, which was discovered much earlier than the Northern one. Geographers and sailors, confident in the polar symmetry of the planet's surface, found it difficult to imagine the location of the still unknown continent so close to the South Pole. In addition, the vast belt of water and ice in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica was (and still is) a serious obstacle to safe navigation. Other reasons were the results of James Cook's Second circumnavigation of the world in 17721775 to search for the Southern Mainland. In 1773, Captain D. Cook on the ship "Resolution" for the first time crossed the Southern Arctic Circle and reached 71° s. s. He considered the voyage in the Southern Ocean quite successful: the Southern hemisphere was sufficiently explored and the search for the Southern continent was put to an end. The authority of the English navigator was so high that nobody tried to refute his opinion for almost half a century. It required not only the courage of scientific foresight, but also the power of a state with a developed shipbuilding industry, skilled sailors and experience of long successful voyages in the World's oceans. At the beginning of the XIX century, Russia having the status of the Ocean Power possessed all this. According to the plan of the Russian Navy Department, the Russian Antarctic Expedition of 1819–1821 was aimed at implementation of scientific exploration in the least studied and most inaccessible high latitudes of the Southern Ocean. One of the participants in the preparation of the expedition, Captain Irank I.F.Krusenstern, wrote that this expedition "is for exploring the countries around the South Pole with greater accuracy than how much is known about them to this day.". In search of Antarctica, the naval sloops ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
V. Ionov V. V. Lukin V. В. Ионов В. В. Лукин В. |
author_facet |
V. Ionov V. V. Lukin V. В. Ионов В. В. Лукин В. |
author_sort |
V. Ionov V. |
title |
Southern Ocean – the inclement sea surroundings of the icy continent |
title_short |
Southern Ocean – the inclement sea surroundings of the icy continent |
title_full |
Southern Ocean – the inclement sea surroundings of the icy continent |
title_fullStr |
Southern Ocean – the inclement sea surroundings of the icy continent |
title_full_unstemmed |
Southern Ocean – the inclement sea surroundings of the icy continent |
title_sort |
southern ocean – the inclement sea surroundings of the icy continent |
publisher |
IGRAS |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/898 https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673421020091 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(90.000,90.000,-60.000,-60.000) |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean South Pole Южный Океан |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean South Pole Южный Океан |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic South pole South pole Southern Ocean Антарктида |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic South pole South pole Southern Ocean Антарктида |
op_source |
Ice and Snow; Том 61, № 2 (2021); 311-320 Лёд и Снег; Том 61, № 2 (2021); 311-320 2412-3765 2076-6734 |
op_relation |
https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/898/571 Трешников А.Ф. Антарктика: исследования, открытия. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1980. 120 с. Электронный ресурс: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arctic_(orthographic_projection).svg; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antarctica_(orthographic_projection).svg. Ионов В.В., Лукин В.В. Южный океан: не общепризнанный гидроним или самостоятельный географический объект? // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2017. № 5. С. 129–136. Джеймс П., Мартин Дж. Все возможные миры. М.: Прогресс, 1988. 672 с. Ломоносов М.В. Первые основания металлургии или рудных дел. СПб.: Изд-во Тип. Император. Академии наук, 1763. 436 с. https://runivers.ru/lib/book6872/192765/. Шокальскiй Ю. Океанографiя. Петроградъ: Изд. А.Ф. Марксъ, 1917. 615 р. Шокальский Ю.М. Столетие со времени отправления Русской Антарктической экспедиции под командою Ф. Беллинсгаузена и М. Лазарева 4 июля 1819 г. из Кронштадта // Изв. РГО. 1928. Т. 60. Вып. 2. С. 175–212. Encyclopedia of the Antarctic / Ed. B. Riffenburgh. New York: Routledge, 2007. 1232 р. Act II: The Second Voyage. Cook’s Reflections on His Second Voyage [Journals, p. 414]. Source: https://library.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/cook2/cook2.html. Собел Д. Долгота. М.: Изд-во «Астрель», 2012. 189 с. Беллинсгаузен Ф.Ф. Двукратные изыскания в Южном Ледовитом океане и плавание вокруг света в продолжение 1819, 1820 и 1821 годов, совершённые на шлюпах «Востоке» и «Мирном». М.: Гос. Изд-во геогр. литературы, 1949. 367 с. John D.D. The Second Antarctic Commission of the R.R.S. Discovery II. The Geographical Journal. 1934. V. 83. № 5. P. 381–394. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1785722. Электронный ресурс: https://828pxFirst_Russian_Antarctic_Expedition_route_-_ru.svg.png. Электронный ресурс: http://www.ivki.ru/kapustin/journal/kozlovskiy3.htm. Зубов Н.Н. Отечественные мореплаватели – исследователи морей и океанов. М.: Гос. Изд-во геогр. литературы, 1954. 474 с. https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/898 doi:10.31857/S2076673421020091 |
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Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Авторы, публикующие статьи в данном журнале, соглашаются на следующее:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы, которая по истечении 6 месяцев после публикации автоматически лицензируется на условиях Creative Commons Attribution License , что позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Редакция журнала будет размещать принятую для публикации статью на сайте журнала до выхода её в свет (после утверждения к печати редколлегией журнала). Авторы также имеют право размещать их работу в сети Интернет (например в институтском хранилище или персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу (См. The Effect of Open Access). |
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ftjias:oai:oai.ice.elpub.ru:article/898 2023-05-15T13:44:15+02:00 Southern Ocean – the inclement sea surroundings of the icy continent Южный океан – суровая морская окрестность ледяного континента V. Ionov V. V. Lukin V. В. Ионов В. В. Лукин В. 2021-05-24 application/pdf https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/898 https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673421020091 rus rus IGRAS https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/898/571 Трешников А.Ф. Антарктика: исследования, открытия. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1980. 120 с. Электронный ресурс: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arctic_(orthographic_projection).svg; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antarctica_(orthographic_projection).svg. Ионов В.В., Лукин В.В. Южный океан: не общепризнанный гидроним или самостоятельный географический объект? // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2017. № 5. С. 129–136. Джеймс П., Мартин Дж. Все возможные миры. М.: Прогресс, 1988. 672 с. Ломоносов М.В. Первые основания металлургии или рудных дел. СПб.: Изд-во Тип. Император. Академии наук, 1763. 436 с. https://runivers.ru/lib/book6872/192765/. Шокальскiй Ю. Океанографiя. Петроградъ: Изд. А.Ф. Марксъ, 1917. 615 р. Шокальский Ю.М. Столетие со времени отправления Русской Антарктической экспедиции под командою Ф. Беллинсгаузена и М. Лазарева 4 июля 1819 г. из Кронштадта // Изв. РГО. 1928. Т. 60. Вып. 2. С. 175–212. Encyclopedia of the Antarctic / Ed. B. Riffenburgh. New York: Routledge, 2007. 1232 р. Act II: The Second Voyage. Cook’s Reflections on His Second Voyage [Journals, p. 414]. Source: https://library.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/cook2/cook2.html. Собел Д. Долгота. М.: Изд-во «Астрель», 2012. 189 с. Беллинсгаузен Ф.Ф. Двукратные изыскания в Южном Ледовитом океане и плавание вокруг света в продолжение 1819, 1820 и 1821 годов, совершённые на шлюпах «Востоке» и «Мирном». М.: Гос. Изд-во геогр. литературы, 1949. 367 с. John D.D. The Second Antarctic Commission of the R.R.S. Discovery II. The Geographical Journal. 1934. V. 83. № 5. P. 381–394. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1785722. Электронный ресурс: https://828pxFirst_Russian_Antarctic_Expedition_route_-_ru.svg.png. Электронный ресурс: http://www.ivki.ru/kapustin/journal/kozlovskiy3.htm. Зубов Н.Н. Отечественные мореплаватели – исследователи морей и океанов. М.: Гос. Изд-во геогр. литературы, 1954. 474 с. https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/898 doi:10.31857/S2076673421020091 Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Авторы, публикующие статьи в данном журнале, соглашаются на следующее:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы, которая по истечении 6 месяцев после публикации автоматически лицензируется на условиях Creative Commons Attribution License , что позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Редакция журнала будет размещать принятую для публикации статью на сайте журнала до выхода её в свет (после утверждения к печати редколлегией журнала). Авторы также имеют право размещать их работу в сети Интернет (например в институтском хранилище или персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу (См. The Effect of Open Access). CC-BY Ice and Snow; Том 61, № 2 (2021); 311-320 Лёд и Снег; Том 61, № 2 (2021); 311-320 2412-3765 2076-6734 Antarctica;first confirmed sighting;Russian Antarctic Expedition;sloops «Vostok» and «Mirnyy» Антарктида;первое подтверждённое обнаружение;Русская Антарктическая экспедиция;шлюпы «Восток» и «Мирный» info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2021 ftjias https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673421020091 2022-12-20T13:30:29Z The latest in a series of Great Geographical Discoveries was the finding of a southern ice continent in 1820. It was long expected, but very late for different reasons. Among the main ones are the physical and geographical characteristics of the Southern Polar Region of the Earth, which was discovered much earlier than the Northern one. Geographers and sailors, confident in the polar symmetry of the planet's surface, found it difficult to imagine the location of the still unknown continent so close to the South Pole. In addition, the vast belt of water and ice in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica was (and still is) a serious obstacle to safe navigation. Other reasons were the results of James Cook's Second circumnavigation of the world in 17721775 to search for the Southern Mainland. In 1773, Captain D. Cook on the ship "Resolution" for the first time crossed the Southern Arctic Circle and reached 71° s. s. He considered the voyage in the Southern Ocean quite successful: the Southern hemisphere was sufficiently explored and the search for the Southern continent was put to an end. The authority of the English navigator was so high that nobody tried to refute his opinion for almost half a century. It required not only the courage of scientific foresight, but also the power of a state with a developed shipbuilding industry, skilled sailors and experience of long successful voyages in the World's oceans. At the beginning of the XIX century, Russia having the status of the Ocean Power possessed all this. According to the plan of the Russian Navy Department, the Russian Antarctic Expedition of 1819–1821 was aimed at implementation of scientific exploration in the least studied and most inaccessible high latitudes of the Southern Ocean. One of the participants in the preparation of the expedition, Captain Irank I.F.Krusenstern, wrote that this expedition "is for exploring the countries around the South Pole with greater accuracy than how much is known about them to this day.". In search of Antarctica, the naval sloops ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic South pole South pole Southern Ocean Антарктида Ice and Snow (E-Journal) Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean South Pole Южный Океан ENVELOPE(90.000,90.000,-60.000,-60.000) Ice and Snow 61 2 311 320 |