PROSPECTS FOR LIFE IN THE SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, EAST ANTARCTICA

The objective was to estimate the genuine microbial content of ice samples from refrozen water (accretion ice) from the subglacialLakeVostok(Antarctica) buried beneath the 4-km thick East Antarctic ice sheet as well as surface snow nearby Vostok station. The lake ice samples were extracted by heavy...

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Published in:Ice and Snow
Main Authors: S. Bulat A., D. Marie, J.-R. Petit, С. Булат А.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:Russian
Published: IGRAS 2015
Subjects:
accretion ice
Antarctic ice sheet
chemolithoautotrophs
extreme environment
Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus
life detection
subglacial aquatic environments
Антарктический ледниковый покров
конжеляционный лёд
обнаружение жизни
подледниковые водные среды
хемолитоавтотрофы
экстремальная среда
Antarctic
East Antarctica
East Antarctic Ice Sheet
Lake Vostok
Vostok Station
Antarc*
Antarctic Science
Antarctica
Ice Sheet
Online Access:https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/211
https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-92-96
id ftjias:oai:oai.ice.elpub.ru:article/211
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Ice and Snow (E-Journal)
op_collection_id ftjias
language Russian
topic accretion ice
Antarctic ice sheet
chemolithoautotrophs
extreme environment
Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus
life detection
subglacial aquatic environments
Антарктический ледниковый покров
конжеляционный лёд
обнаружение жизни
подледниковые водные среды
хемолитоавтотрофы
экстремальная среда
spellingShingle accretion ice
Antarctic ice sheet
chemolithoautotrophs
extreme environment
Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus
life detection
subglacial aquatic environments
Антарктический ледниковый покров
конжеляционный лёд
обнаружение жизни
подледниковые водные среды
хемолитоавтотрофы
экстремальная среда
S. Bulat A.
D. Marie
J.-R. Petit
С. Булат А.
PROSPECTS FOR LIFE IN THE SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, EAST ANTARCTICA
topic_facet accretion ice
Antarctic ice sheet
chemolithoautotrophs
extreme environment
Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus
life detection
subglacial aquatic environments
Антарктический ледниковый покров
конжеляционный лёд
обнаружение жизни
подледниковые водные среды
хемолитоавтотрофы
экстремальная среда
description The objective was to estimate the genuine microbial content of ice samples from refrozen water (accretion ice) from the subglacialLakeVostok(Antarctica) buried beneath the 4-km thick East Antarctic ice sheet as well as surface snow nearby Vostok station. The lake ice samples were extracted by heavy deep ice drilling from3764 mbelow the surface reaching the depth3769.3 mby February 2011 (lake entering). High pressure, an ultra low carbon and chemical content, isolation, complete darkness and the probable excess of oxygen in water for millions of years characterize this extreme environment. A decontamination protocol was first applied to samples selected for the absence of cracks to remove the outer part contaminated by handling and drilling fluid. Preliminary indications showed the accretion ice samples to be almost gas free with the very low impurity content. Flow cytometry showed the very low unevenly distributed biomass in both accretion (0–19 cells per ml) and glacier (0–24 cells per ml) ice and surface snow (0–0.02 cells per ml) as well while repeated microscopic observations were unsuccessful meaning that the whole Central East Antarctic ice sheet seems to be microbial cell-free.We used strategies of Ancient DNA research that include establishing contaminant databases and criteria to validate the amplification results. To date, positive results that passed the artifacts and contaminant databases have been obtained for a few bacterial phylotypes only in accretion ice samples featured by some bedrock sediments. Amongst them are the chemolithoautotrophic thermophile Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus of beta-Proteobacteria, the actinobacterium rather related (95%) to Ilumatobacter luminis and one unclassified phylotype distantly related (92%) to soil-inhabiting uncultured bacteria. Combined with geochemical and geophysical considerations, our results suggest the presence of a deep biosphere, possibly thriving within some active faults of the bedrock encircling the subglacial lake, where the temperature can be as ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author S. Bulat A.
D. Marie
J.-R. Petit
С. Булат А.
author_facet S. Bulat A.
D. Marie
J.-R. Petit
С. Булат А.
author_sort S. Bulat A.
title PROSPECTS FOR LIFE IN THE SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, EAST ANTARCTICA
title_short PROSPECTS FOR LIFE IN THE SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, EAST ANTARCTICA
title_full PROSPECTS FOR LIFE IN THE SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, EAST ANTARCTICA
title_fullStr PROSPECTS FOR LIFE IN THE SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, EAST ANTARCTICA
title_full_unstemmed PROSPECTS FOR LIFE IN THE SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, EAST ANTARCTICA
title_sort prospects for life in the subglacial lake vostok, east antarctica
publisher IGRAS
publishDate 2015
url https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/211
https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-92-96
long_lat ENVELOPE(106.000,106.000,-77.500,-77.500)
ENVELOPE(106.837,106.837,-78.464,-78.464)
geographic Antarctic
East Antarctica
East Antarctic Ice Sheet
Lake Vostok
Vostok Station
geographic_facet Antarctic
East Antarctica
East Antarctic Ice Sheet
Lake Vostok
Vostok Station
genre Antarc*
Antarctic
Antarctic Science
Antarctica
East Antarctica
Ice Sheet
genre_facet Antarc*
Antarctic
Antarctic Science
Antarctica
East Antarctica
Ice Sheet
op_source Ice and Snow; Том 52, № 4 (2012); 92-96
Лёд и Снег; Том 52, № 4 (2012); 92-96
2412-3765
2076-6734
10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4
op_relation Lipenkov V.Ya., Lukin V.V., Bulat S.A., Vasiliev N.I., Ekaykin A.A., Leychenkov G.L., Masolov V.N., Popov S.V., Savatyugin L.M., Shibaev Yu.A. Total of study Vostok subglacial Lake in the period of IPY. Vklad Rossii v Mezhdunarodny polyarnyi god. Polyarnaya kriosfera i vody sushi. Input of Russia in the International Polar Year. Polar Cryosphere and land water. Moscow: Paulsen, 2011: 17–47. [In Russian].
Masolov V.N., Lukin V.V.,Sheremetiev A.N., Popov S.V. Geophysical investigations of the subglacial Lake Vostok in the East Antarctica. Doklady Akademii Nauk. Proc. of the Academy of Sciences. 2001, 379 (5): 680–685. [In Russian].
Abyzov S., Mitskevich I., Poglazova M., Barkov N., Lipenkov V., Bobin N., Koudryashov B., Pashkevich V., Ivanov M. Microflora in the basal strata at Antarctic ice core above the Vostok lake. Adv. Space Res. 2001, 28: 701–706.
Alekhina I., Marie D., Petit J.-R., Lukin V., Zubkov V., Bulat S. Molecular analysis of bacterial diversity in kerosene-based drilling fluid from the deep ice borehole at Vostok, East Antarctica. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2007, 59: 289–299.
Bell R.E., Studinger M., Tikku A.A., Clarke G.K.C., Guther M.M., Meertens C. Origin and fate of Lake Vostok water frozen to the base of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Nature. 2002, 416: 307–310.
Bo S., Siegert M.J., Mudd S.M., Sugden D., Fujita S., Xiangbin C., Yunyun J., Xueyuan T., Yuansheng L. The Gamburtsev mountains and the origin and early evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nature. 2009, 459: 690–693.
Bulat S., Alekhina I., Blot M., Petit J.-R., de Angelis M., Wagenbach D., Lipenkov V., Vasylieva L., Wloch D., Raynaud D., Lukin V. DNA signature of thermophilic bacteria from the aged accretion ice of Lake Vostok, Antarctica: implications for searching for life in extreme icy environments. Intern. Journ. Astrobiol. 2004, 3: 1–7.
Bulat S., Alekhina I., Lipenkov V., Lukin V., Marie D., Petit J.-R. Cell concentrations of microorganisms in glacial and lake ice of the Vostok ice core, East Antarctica. Microbiology. 2009, 78: 808–810.
Christner B., Royston-Bishop G., Foreman C., Arnold B., Tranter M., Welch K., Lyons B., Tsapin A., Studinger M., Priscu J. Limnological conditions in Subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2006, 51: 2485–2501.
De Angelis M., Petit J.-R., Savarino J., Souchez R., Thiemens M.H. Contribution of an ancient evaporitic-type reservoir to Lake Vostok chemistry. Earth Planetary Science Letters. 2004, 222: 751–765.
D’Elia T., Veerapaneni R., Rogers S.O. Isolation of microbes from Lake Vostok accretion ice. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008, 74: 4962–4965.
Kapitsa A.P., Ridley J.K., Robin G.Q., Siegert M., Zotikov I. A large deep freshwater lake beneath the ice of central East Antarctica. Nature. 1996, 381: 684–686.
Lavire C., Normand P., Alekhina I., Bulat S., Prieur D., Birrien J.L., Fournier P., Hanni C., Petit J.-R. Presence of Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus DNA in accretion ice in the subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica, assessed using rrs, cbb and hox. Environ. Microbiol. 2006, 8: 2106–2114.
Lipenkov V.Ya., Istomin V.А. On the stability of air clathrate-hydrate crystals in subglacial lake Vostok, Antarctica. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Data of Glaciological Studies. 2001, 91: 138–149.
Masolov V.N., Popov S.V., Lukin V.V., Sheremet’ev A.N., Popkov A.M. Russian geophysical studies of Lake Vostok, Central East Antarctica. Antarctica – Contributions to Global Earth Sciences. Eds. D.K. Futterer, D. Damaske, G. Kleinschmidt, H. Miller, F. Tessensohn. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer, 2006: 135–140.
Matsumoto A., Kasai H., Matsuo Y., Omura S., Shizuri Y., Takahashi Y. Ilumatobacter fluminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from the sediment of an estuary. Journ. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 2009, 55: 201–205.
McKay C.P., Hand K.P., Doran P.T., Andersen D.T., Priscu J.C. Clathrate formation and the fate of noble and biologically useful gases in Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Geophys. Research Letters. 2003, 30: 35-1–35-4.
Oswald G.K., Robin G.Q. Lakes beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nature. 1973, 245: 251–254.
Petit J.-R., Jouzel J., Raynaud D., Barkov N.I., Barnola J.M., Basile I., Bender M., Chappellaz J., Davisk M., Delaygue G., Delmotte M., Kotlyakov V.M., Legrand M., Lipenkov V.Y., Lorius C., Pepin L., Ritz C., Saltzmank E., Stievenardet M. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420, 000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature. 1999, 339: 429–436.
Petit J.-R., Alekhina I., Bulat S. Lake Vostok, Antarctica: Exploring a subglacial lake and searching for life in an extreme environment. Lectures in astrobiology, series: advances in astrobiology and biogeophysics. Eds. M. Gargaud, B. Barbier, H. Martin, J. Reisse. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer, 2005, I: 227–288.
Preunkert S., Legrand M., Stricker P., Bulat S., Alekhina I., Petit J.-R., Hoffmann H., May B., Jourdain B. Quantification of Dissolved Organic Carbon at very low levels in natural ice samples by a UV induced oxidation method. Environ. Sci. and Technologies. 2011, 45: 673–678.
Priscu J.C., Adams E.E., Lyons W.B., Voytek M.A., Mogk D.W., Brown R.L., McKay C.P., Takacs C.D., Welch K.A., Wolf C.F., Kirshtein J.D., Avci R. Geomicrobiology of subglacial ice above Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Science. 1999, 286: 2141–2144.
Ridley J.F., Cudlip W., Laxon S. Identification of sub glacial lakes using ERS-1 radar altimeter. Journ. of Glaciology. 1993, 39: 625–634.
Siegert M.J., Carter S., Tabacco I., Popov S., Blankenship D.D. A revised inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes. Antarctic Science. 2005, 17: 453–460.
Studinger M., Bell R.E., Karner G.D., Tikku A.A., Holt J.W., Morse D.L., Richter T.G., Kempf S.D., Peters M.E., Blakenship D.D., Sweeney R.E., Rystrom V.L. Ice cover, landscape setting, and geological framework of Lake Vostok, East Antarctica. Earth Planetary Science Letters. 2003, 205: 195–210.
Wingham В.J., Siegert M.J., Shepherd A., Muir A.S. Rapid discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes. Nature. 2006, 440: 1033–1036.
https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/211
doi:10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-92-96
op_rights Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Авторы, публикующие статьи в данном журнале, соглашаются на следующее:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы, которая по истечении 6 месяцев после публикации автоматически лицензируется на условиях Creative Commons Attribution License , что позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Редакция журнала будет размещать принятую для публикации статью на сайте журнала до выхода её в свет (после утверждения к печати редколлегией журнала). Авторы также имеют право размещать их работу в сети Интернет (например в институтском хранилище или персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу (См. The Effect of Open Access).
op_rightsnorm CC-BY
op_doi https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-92-96
https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4
container_title Ice and Snow
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spelling ftjias:oai:oai.ice.elpub.ru:article/211 2023-05-15T13:44:15+02:00 PROSPECTS FOR LIFE IN THE SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, EAST ANTARCTICA ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПОИСКА ЖИЗНИ В ПОДЛЕДНИКОВОМ ОЗЕРЕ ВОСТОК S. Bulat A. D. Marie J.-R. Petit С. Булат А. 2015-11-14 https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/211 https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-92-96 ru rus IGRAS Lipenkov V.Ya., Lukin V.V., Bulat S.A., Vasiliev N.I., Ekaykin A.A., Leychenkov G.L., Masolov V.N., Popov S.V., Savatyugin L.M., Shibaev Yu.A. Total of study Vostok subglacial Lake in the period of IPY. Vklad Rossii v Mezhdunarodny polyarnyi god. Polyarnaya kriosfera i vody sushi. Input of Russia in the International Polar Year. Polar Cryosphere and land water. Moscow: Paulsen, 2011: 17–47. [In Russian]. Masolov V.N., Lukin V.V.,Sheremetiev A.N., Popov S.V. Geophysical investigations of the subglacial Lake Vostok in the East Antarctica. Doklady Akademii Nauk. Proc. of the Academy of Sciences. 2001, 379 (5): 680–685. [In Russian]. Abyzov S., Mitskevich I., Poglazova M., Barkov N., Lipenkov V., Bobin N., Koudryashov B., Pashkevich V., Ivanov M. Microflora in the basal strata at Antarctic ice core above the Vostok lake. Adv. Space Res. 2001, 28: 701–706. Alekhina I., Marie D., Petit J.-R., Lukin V., Zubkov V., Bulat S. Molecular analysis of bacterial diversity in kerosene-based drilling fluid from the deep ice borehole at Vostok, East Antarctica. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2007, 59: 289–299. Bell R.E., Studinger M., Tikku A.A., Clarke G.K.C., Guther M.M., Meertens C. Origin and fate of Lake Vostok water frozen to the base of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Nature. 2002, 416: 307–310. Bo S., Siegert M.J., Mudd S.M., Sugden D., Fujita S., Xiangbin C., Yunyun J., Xueyuan T., Yuansheng L. The Gamburtsev mountains and the origin and early evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nature. 2009, 459: 690–693. Bulat S., Alekhina I., Blot M., Petit J.-R., de Angelis M., Wagenbach D., Lipenkov V., Vasylieva L., Wloch D., Raynaud D., Lukin V. DNA signature of thermophilic bacteria from the aged accretion ice of Lake Vostok, Antarctica: implications for searching for life in extreme icy environments. Intern. Journ. Astrobiol. 2004, 3: 1–7. Bulat S., Alekhina I., Lipenkov V., Lukin V., Marie D., Petit J.-R. Cell concentrations of microorganisms in glacial and lake ice of the Vostok ice core, East Antarctica. Microbiology. 2009, 78: 808–810. Christner B., Royston-Bishop G., Foreman C., Arnold B., Tranter M., Welch K., Lyons B., Tsapin A., Studinger M., Priscu J. Limnological conditions in Subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2006, 51: 2485–2501. De Angelis M., Petit J.-R., Savarino J., Souchez R., Thiemens M.H. Contribution of an ancient evaporitic-type reservoir to Lake Vostok chemistry. Earth Planetary Science Letters. 2004, 222: 751–765. D’Elia T., Veerapaneni R., Rogers S.O. Isolation of microbes from Lake Vostok accretion ice. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008, 74: 4962–4965. Kapitsa A.P., Ridley J.K., Robin G.Q., Siegert M., Zotikov I. A large deep freshwater lake beneath the ice of central East Antarctica. Nature. 1996, 381: 684–686. Lavire C., Normand P., Alekhina I., Bulat S., Prieur D., Birrien J.L., Fournier P., Hanni C., Petit J.-R. Presence of Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus DNA in accretion ice in the subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica, assessed using rrs, cbb and hox. Environ. Microbiol. 2006, 8: 2106–2114. Lipenkov V.Ya., Istomin V.А. On the stability of air clathrate-hydrate crystals in subglacial lake Vostok, Antarctica. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Data of Glaciological Studies. 2001, 91: 138–149. Masolov V.N., Popov S.V., Lukin V.V., Sheremet’ev A.N., Popkov A.M. Russian geophysical studies of Lake Vostok, Central East Antarctica. Antarctica – Contributions to Global Earth Sciences. Eds. D.K. Futterer, D. Damaske, G. Kleinschmidt, H. Miller, F. Tessensohn. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer, 2006: 135–140. Matsumoto A., Kasai H., Matsuo Y., Omura S., Shizuri Y., Takahashi Y. Ilumatobacter fluminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from the sediment of an estuary. Journ. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 2009, 55: 201–205. McKay C.P., Hand K.P., Doran P.T., Andersen D.T., Priscu J.C. Clathrate formation and the fate of noble and biologically useful gases in Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Geophys. Research Letters. 2003, 30: 35-1–35-4. Oswald G.K., Robin G.Q. Lakes beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nature. 1973, 245: 251–254. Petit J.-R., Jouzel J., Raynaud D., Barkov N.I., Barnola J.M., Basile I., Bender M., Chappellaz J., Davisk M., Delaygue G., Delmotte M., Kotlyakov V.M., Legrand M., Lipenkov V.Y., Lorius C., Pepin L., Ritz C., Saltzmank E., Stievenardet M. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420, 000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature. 1999, 339: 429–436. Petit J.-R., Alekhina I., Bulat S. Lake Vostok, Antarctica: Exploring a subglacial lake and searching for life in an extreme environment. Lectures in astrobiology, series: advances in astrobiology and biogeophysics. Eds. M. Gargaud, B. Barbier, H. Martin, J. Reisse. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer, 2005, I: 227–288. Preunkert S., Legrand M., Stricker P., Bulat S., Alekhina I., Petit J.-R., Hoffmann H., May B., Jourdain B. Quantification of Dissolved Organic Carbon at very low levels in natural ice samples by a UV induced oxidation method. Environ. Sci. and Technologies. 2011, 45: 673–678. Priscu J.C., Adams E.E., Lyons W.B., Voytek M.A., Mogk D.W., Brown R.L., McKay C.P., Takacs C.D., Welch K.A., Wolf C.F., Kirshtein J.D., Avci R. Geomicrobiology of subglacial ice above Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Science. 1999, 286: 2141–2144. Ridley J.F., Cudlip W., Laxon S. Identification of sub glacial lakes using ERS-1 radar altimeter. Journ. of Glaciology. 1993, 39: 625–634. Siegert M.J., Carter S., Tabacco I., Popov S., Blankenship D.D. A revised inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes. Antarctic Science. 2005, 17: 453–460. Studinger M., Bell R.E., Karner G.D., Tikku A.A., Holt J.W., Morse D.L., Richter T.G., Kempf S.D., Peters M.E., Blakenship D.D., Sweeney R.E., Rystrom V.L. Ice cover, landscape setting, and geological framework of Lake Vostok, East Antarctica. Earth Planetary Science Letters. 2003, 205: 195–210. Wingham В.J., Siegert M.J., Shepherd A., Muir A.S. Rapid discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes. Nature. 2006, 440: 1033–1036. https://ice-snow.igras.ru/jour/article/view/211 doi:10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-92-96 Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Авторы, публикующие статьи в данном журнале, соглашаются на следующее:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы, которая по истечении 6 месяцев после публикации автоматически лицензируется на условиях Creative Commons Attribution License , что позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Редакция журнала будет размещать принятую для публикации статью на сайте журнала до выхода её в свет (после утверждения к печати редколлегией журнала). Авторы также имеют право размещать их работу в сети Интернет (например в институтском хранилище или персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу (См. The Effect of Open Access). CC-BY Ice and Snow; Том 52, № 4 (2012); 92-96 Лёд и Снег; Том 52, № 4 (2012); 92-96 2412-3765 2076-6734 10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4 accretion ice Antarctic ice sheet chemolithoautotrophs extreme environment Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus life detection subglacial aquatic environments Антарктический ледниковый покров конжеляционный лёд обнаружение жизни подледниковые водные среды хемолитоавтотрофы экстремальная среда info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2015 ftjias https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4-92-96 https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2012-4 2022-12-20T13:30:09Z The objective was to estimate the genuine microbial content of ice samples from refrozen water (accretion ice) from the subglacialLakeVostok(Antarctica) buried beneath the 4-km thick East Antarctic ice sheet as well as surface snow nearby Vostok station. The lake ice samples were extracted by heavy deep ice drilling from3764 mbelow the surface reaching the depth3769.3 mby February 2011 (lake entering). High pressure, an ultra low carbon and chemical content, isolation, complete darkness and the probable excess of oxygen in water for millions of years characterize this extreme environment. A decontamination protocol was first applied to samples selected for the absence of cracks to remove the outer part contaminated by handling and drilling fluid. Preliminary indications showed the accretion ice samples to be almost gas free with the very low impurity content. Flow cytometry showed the very low unevenly distributed biomass in both accretion (0–19 cells per ml) and glacier (0–24 cells per ml) ice and surface snow (0–0.02 cells per ml) as well while repeated microscopic observations were unsuccessful meaning that the whole Central East Antarctic ice sheet seems to be microbial cell-free.We used strategies of Ancient DNA research that include establishing contaminant databases and criteria to validate the amplification results. To date, positive results that passed the artifacts and contaminant databases have been obtained for a few bacterial phylotypes only in accretion ice samples featured by some bedrock sediments. Amongst them are the chemolithoautotrophic thermophile Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus of beta-Proteobacteria, the actinobacterium rather related (95%) to Ilumatobacter luminis and one unclassified phylotype distantly related (92%) to soil-inhabiting uncultured bacteria. Combined with geochemical and geophysical considerations, our results suggest the presence of a deep biosphere, possibly thriving within some active faults of the bedrock encircling the subglacial lake, where the temperature can be as ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Science Antarctica East Antarctica Ice Sheet Ice and Snow (E-Journal) Antarctic East Antarctica East Antarctic Ice Sheet Lake Vostok ENVELOPE(106.000,106.000,-77.500,-77.500) Vostok Station ENVELOPE(106.837,106.837,-78.464,-78.464) Ice and Snow 52 4 92

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