Mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, Erdenet Mongolia

This paper provides information on long-term suppression of natural forest regeneration due to the livestock grazing in the vicinity of one of the world largest open-pit ore mine close the city of Erdenet in Mongolia. The area is characterized by high concentration of herder’s households where the 5...

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Published in:GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY
Main Authors: David Juřička, Václav Pecina, Martin Brtnický, Jindřich Kynický
Other Authors: E!7614 international project of applied research solved within EUREKA program.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Russian Geographical Society 2019
Subjects:
overgrazing;forest regeneration;Larix sibirica;herders;defoliation;mining
Sibirica
Online Access:https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/828
https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-23
id ftjges:oai:oai.gesj.elpub.ru:article/828
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Geography, Environment, Sustainability (E-Journal)
op_collection_id ftjges
language English
topic overgrazing;forest regeneration;Larix sibirica;herders;defoliation;mining
spellingShingle overgrazing;forest regeneration;Larix sibirica;herders;defoliation;mining
David Juřička
Václav Pecina
Martin Brtnický
Jindřich Kynický
Mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, Erdenet Mongolia
topic_facet overgrazing;forest regeneration;Larix sibirica;herders;defoliation;mining
description This paper provides information on long-term suppression of natural forest regeneration due to the livestock grazing in the vicinity of one of the world largest open-pit ore mine close the city of Erdenet in Mongolia. The area is characterized by high concentration of herder’s households where the 52% were found only up to 1 km distance from the forest edge. Forest grazing causes extensive damage to seedlings and significant reduction of their growth. Within the 30–99 cm height category, up to 61% Larix sibirica, 90% Betula platyphylla and 68% Populus tremula individuals are grazingdamaged. L. sibirica and P. tremula seedlings with heights over 99 cm were absent, and no individuals of any species were found within 136–200 cm height category. In addition to the seedlings, only 7 or more meters high L. sibirica individuals are found in the forest structure, which means the absence of successfully growing forest regeneration for at least 40 years. In 2017, the defoliation of L. sibirica, reaching locally up to 100%, occurred in the stands east of the mine. Total defoliation represents a high risk of mortality of affected individuals. The stands cannot be successfully regenerated under the conditions of current intensive grazing. Mine metal stocks are calculated to provide for at least another 25 years of mining. Over that time, neither significant population decline nor decreasing grazing pressure on forests can be expected. If effective protection measures are not implemented, there is a risk of transforming threatened forest into steppe.
author2 E!7614 international project of applied research solved within EUREKA program.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author David Juřička
Václav Pecina
Martin Brtnický
Jindřich Kynický
author_facet David Juřička
Václav Pecina
Martin Brtnický
Jindřich Kynický
author_sort David Juřička
title Mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, Erdenet Mongolia
title_short Mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, Erdenet Mongolia
title_full Mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, Erdenet Mongolia
title_fullStr Mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, Erdenet Mongolia
title_full_unstemmed Mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, Erdenet Mongolia
title_sort mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, erdenet mongolia
publisher Russian Geographical Society
publishDate 2019
url https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/828
https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-23
genre Sibirica
genre_facet Sibirica
op_source GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY; Vol 12, No 3 (2019); 184-198
2542-1565
2071-9388
op_relation https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/828/395
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spelling ftjges:oai:oai.gesj.elpub.ru:article/828 2023-05-15T18:19:41+02:00 Mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, Erdenet Mongolia David Juřička Václav Pecina Martin Brtnický Jindřich Kynický E!7614 international project of applied research solved within EUREKA program. 2019-10-14 application/pdf https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/828 https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-23 eng eng Russian Geographical Society https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/828/395 Abaimov A.P. (2010). Geographical Distribution and Genetics of Siberian Larch Species. In: Osawa A., Zyryanova O.A., Matsuura Y., Kajimoto T. and Wein R.W. ed., Permafrost ecosystems: Siberian larch forests. New York: Springer, pp. 41-58. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9693-8_3. Acker S.A., Kertis J.A. and Pabst R.J. (2017). Tree regeneration, understory development, and biomass dynamics following wildfire in a mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 384, 72-82. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.047. Asner G.P., Elmore A.J., Olander L.P., Martin R.E. and Harris T. (2005). Grazing systems, ecosystem responses, and global change. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 29, pp. 261-99. doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102142. Batbayar G., Pfeiffer M., Kappas, M. and Karthe D. (2018). Development and application of GIS-based assessment of land-use impacts on water quality: A case study of the Kharaa River Basin. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-018-1123-y. Batkhuu N., Lee D.K. and Tsogtbaatar J. (2011). Forest and Forestry Research and Education in Mongolia. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 30(6), 600-617. doi:10.1080/10549811.2011.548761. Bellingham P.J., Richardson S.J., Mason N.W., Veltman C.J., Allen R.B., Allen W.J., Baker. R.J. and Ramsey D.S. (2016). Introduced deer at low densities do not inhibit the regeneration of a dominant tree. Forest Ecology and Management, 364, 70-76. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.12.013. Belsky A.J. and Blumenthal D.M. (1997). Effects of Livestock Grazing on Stand Dynamics and Soils in Upland Forests of the Interior West. Conservation Biology, 11, pp. 315-327. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95405.x. Berger J., Buuveibaatar B. and Mishra C. (2013). Globalization of the Cashmere Market and the Decline of Large Mammals in Central Asia. Conservation Biology, 27(4), 679-689. doi:10.1111/cobi.12100. Bondarev A. (1997). Age distribution patterns in open boreal Dahurican larch forests of Central Siberia. Forest Ecology and Management, 93(3), pp. 205-214. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03952-7. Buffum B., Gratzer G. and Tenzin Y. (2009). Forest grazing and natural regeneration in a late successional broadleaved community forest in Bhutan. Mountain Research and development, 29(1), pp. 30-35. doi:10.1659/mrd.991. Dulamsuren C., Hauck M. and Leuschner C. (2010). Recent drought stress leads to growth reductions in Larix sibirica in the western Khentey, Mongolia. Global Change Biology, 16(11), pp. 3024-3035. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02147.x. Dulamsuren C., Hauck M., Leuschner H.H. and Leuschner C. (2010a). Gypsy moth-induced growth decline of Larix sibirica in a forest-steppe ecotone. Dendrochronologia, 28(4), pp. 207-213. doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2009.05.007. Enkhbayar T. (2019). Urban Housing Policy and Country Profile of MONGOLIA. [online] Available at: https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Session%202B%20-%20Tsolmon%20Enkhbayaar.pdf [Accessed 30 Jan. 2019]. FAO (2015) Mongolia - Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report. [online] Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-az278e.pdf [Accessed 4 Jan. 2019]. Fernández-Giménez M., Batjav B. and Baival B. (2012). Lessons from the dzud: adaptation and resilience in Mongolian pastoral socio-ecological systems. Washington, World Bank. Hauck M., Dulamsuren C. and Heimes C. (2008). Effects of insect herbivory on the performance of Larix sibirica in a foreststeppe ecotone. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 62(3), pp. 351-356. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.10.025. Hauck M. and Lkhagvadorj D. (2013). Epiphytic lichens as indicators of grazing pressure in the Mongolian forest-steppe. Ecological Indicators, 32, pp. 82-88. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.03.002. Hédl R., Svátek M., Dančák M., Rodzay A.W., Salleh A.B. and Kamariah A.S. (2009). A new technique for inventory of permanent plots in tropical forests: a case study from lowland dipterocarp forest in Kuala Belalong, Brunei Darussalam. Blumea-Biodiversity. Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 54(1-3), pp. 124-130. doi:10.3767/000651909X475482. James T.M. (2011). Temperature sensitivity and recruitment dynamics of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) in northern Mongolia’s boreal forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 262(4), pp. 629-636. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.031. Janzen J. (2005). 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The GES Journal has used its best endeavors to ensure that the information is correct and current at the time of publication but takes no responsibility for any error, omission, or defect therein. Авторы, публикующие в данном журнале, соглашаются со следующим:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права на работу и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution License, которая позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы сохраняют право заключать отдельные контрактные договорённости, касающиеся не-эксклюзивного распространения версии работы в опубликованном здесь виде (например, размещение ее в институтском хранилище, публикацию в книге), со ссылкой на ее оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы имеют право размещать их работу CC-BY GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY; Vol 12, No 3 (2019); 184-198 2542-1565 2071-9388 overgrazing;forest regeneration;Larix sibirica;herders;defoliation;mining info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2019 ftjges https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-23 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9693-8_3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.047 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102142 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-018-1123-y https://doi.org 2021-05-21T07:34:36Z This paper provides information on long-term suppression of natural forest regeneration due to the livestock grazing in the vicinity of one of the world largest open-pit ore mine close the city of Erdenet in Mongolia. The area is characterized by high concentration of herder’s households where the 52% were found only up to 1 km distance from the forest edge. Forest grazing causes extensive damage to seedlings and significant reduction of their growth. Within the 30–99 cm height category, up to 61% Larix sibirica, 90% Betula platyphylla and 68% Populus tremula individuals are grazingdamaged. L. sibirica and P. tremula seedlings with heights over 99 cm were absent, and no individuals of any species were found within 136–200 cm height category. In addition to the seedlings, only 7 or more meters high L. sibirica individuals are found in the forest structure, which means the absence of successfully growing forest regeneration for at least 40 years. In 2017, the defoliation of L. sibirica, reaching locally up to 100%, occurred in the stands east of the mine. Total defoliation represents a high risk of mortality of affected individuals. The stands cannot be successfully regenerated under the conditions of current intensive grazing. Mine metal stocks are calculated to provide for at least another 25 years of mining. Over that time, neither significant population decline nor decreasing grazing pressure on forests can be expected. If effective protection measures are not implemented, there is a risk of transforming threatened forest into steppe. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sibirica Geography, Environment, Sustainability (E-Journal) GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 12 3 184 198

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