Long-Term Heat Flux Formation Of The Large Russian Arctic Rivers And Its Transformations In Estuaries Under The Influence Of Climate-Induced And Dam-Induced Effects

The heat flux of the large rivers flowing into the Arctic seas of Russia plays an essential role in the thermal and ice regime of the lower reaches of these rivers and the southern part of the Arctic seas. However, estimates of the total value of heat flux and its spatial-temporal distribution requi...

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Published in:GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY
Main Authors: Alexander N. Vasilenko, Dmitry V. Magritsky, Natalia L. Frolova, Artem I. Shevchenko
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Russian Geographical Society 2023
Subjects:
reservoir
water temperature
heat flux
climate changes
Alazeya
Anabar
Arctic
Indigirka
Kolyma
Nadym
Onega
dvina
khatanga
Mezen
Mezen'
Pechora
Polarforschung
Online Access:https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2732
https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-105
id ftjges:oai:oai.gesj.elpub.ru:article/2732
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Geography, Environment, Sustainability (E-Journal)
op_collection_id ftjges
language English
topic reservoir
water temperature
heat flux
climate changes
spellingShingle reservoir
water temperature
heat flux
climate changes
Alexander N. Vasilenko
Dmitry V. Magritsky
Natalia L. Frolova
Artem I. Shevchenko
Long-Term Heat Flux Formation Of The Large Russian Arctic Rivers And Its Transformations In Estuaries Under The Influence Of Climate-Induced And Dam-Induced Effects
topic_facet reservoir
water temperature
heat flux
climate changes
description The heat flux of the large rivers flowing into the Arctic seas of Russia plays an essential role in the thermal and ice regime of the lower reaches of these rivers and the southern part of the Arctic seas. However, estimates of the total value of heat flux and its spatial-temporal distribution require clarification. In this research, we analyzed monthly, and yearly water temperature data from 55 gauges and water flow data from 35 gauges in the lower reaches of the rivers of the Russian Arctic northerner of 60 N. These rivers are: Onega, Northern Dvina, Mezen, Pechora, Ob, Nadym, Pur, Taz, Yenisei, Khatanga, Anabar, Olenek, Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Alazeya, Kolyma and their main tributaries. The collected data series covers 1930-2018, focusing more on 1960–2018. We used Spearman trend tests and Mann-Whitney U-test to clarify changes in the thermal regime of study rivers. Our estimations showed that heat flux did not significantly increase in the past three decades on most rivers except Yenisei and Yana lowlands. Water temperatures on rivers monotonically increased after 1960, especially in May and June, but without statistical significance. The role of dams in the water temperature regime is observed for nearly 500 km lower dams, but it is not observed in their lowlands and mouths. We also identified the decrease in water temperatures and heat flux in river lowlands, estuaries and deltas up to 25% for Yenisei lowlands.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Alexander N. Vasilenko
Dmitry V. Magritsky
Natalia L. Frolova
Artem I. Shevchenko
author_facet Alexander N. Vasilenko
Dmitry V. Magritsky
Natalia L. Frolova
Artem I. Shevchenko
author_sort Alexander N. Vasilenko
title Long-Term Heat Flux Formation Of The Large Russian Arctic Rivers And Its Transformations In Estuaries Under The Influence Of Climate-Induced And Dam-Induced Effects
title_short Long-Term Heat Flux Formation Of The Large Russian Arctic Rivers And Its Transformations In Estuaries Under The Influence Of Climate-Induced And Dam-Induced Effects
title_full Long-Term Heat Flux Formation Of The Large Russian Arctic Rivers And Its Transformations In Estuaries Under The Influence Of Climate-Induced And Dam-Induced Effects
title_fullStr Long-Term Heat Flux Formation Of The Large Russian Arctic Rivers And Its Transformations In Estuaries Under The Influence Of Climate-Induced And Dam-Induced Effects
title_full_unstemmed Long-Term Heat Flux Formation Of The Large Russian Arctic Rivers And Its Transformations In Estuaries Under The Influence Of Climate-Induced And Dam-Induced Effects
title_sort long-term heat flux formation of the large russian arctic rivers and its transformations in estuaries under the influence of climate-induced and dam-induced effects
publisher Russian Geographical Society
publishDate 2023
url https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2732
https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-105
long_lat ENVELOPE(153.682,153.682,70.859,70.859)
ENVELOPE(113.624,113.624,73.286,73.286)
ENVELOPE(149.609,149.609,70.929,70.929)
ENVELOPE(161.000,161.000,69.500,69.500)
ENVELOPE(72.517,72.517,65.533,65.533)
ENVELOPE(38.100,38.100,63.900,63.900)
geographic Alazeya
Anabar
Arctic
Indigirka
Kolyma
Nadym
Onega
geographic_facet Alazeya
Anabar
Arctic
Indigirka
Kolyma
Nadym
Onega
genre Arctic
Arctic
dvina
khatanga
Mezen
Mezen'
Pechora
Polarforschung
genre_facet Arctic
Arctic
dvina
khatanga
Mezen
Mezen'
Pechora
Polarforschung
op_source GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY; Vol 15, No 4 (2022); 158-170
2542-1565
2071-9388
op_relation https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2732/679
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Alekseevskiy N.I. (2012). River flow; geographical role and indicative properties. Questions of Geography, 133, 48-71 (in Russian).
Alekseevskiy N.I. (2000). The concept of geo-runoff and the state of small rivers. Erosion and riverbed processes, 13, 68-77 (in Russian).
Alekseevskii N. (ed) (2007). Geoecological State of the Russian Arctic Coast and the Safety of Nature Development. Moscow: GEOS (in Russian).
Antonov N.D. (1936). The amount of heat transferred by rivers into the Kara Sea. Proceedings of AARI, 35, 23-50 (in Russian).
Antonov V.S. (1976). Great Siberian rivers. Series «Earth Sciences». 10, 1-44 (in Russian).
Beirom S.G., Vostryakov N.V., Shirokov V.M. (1973). Changes in natural conditions at the Middle Ob after the construction of the Novosibirsk HPP. Novosibirsk, AS USSR (in Russian).
Costard F., Dupeyrat L., Gautier E., Carey-Gailhardis E. (2003). Fluvial thermal erosion investigations along a rapidly eroding river bank: Application to the Lena River (Central Siberia). Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 28, 1349-1359.
Elshin Yu.A. (1981). Heat flux of rivers of the European territory of the USSR. Meteorology and hydrology, 9, 85-93 (in Russian).
Elshin Yu.A. (1988). Heat flux in the Arctic Ocean seas. Water resources, 5, 63-68 (in Russian).
Frolova N.L., Magritskiy D.V., Kireeva M.B., Grigir’ev V.Yu., Gelfan A.N., Sazonov A.A., Shevchenko A.I. (2022) Streamflow of Russian Rivers under Current and Forecasted Climate Changes: A Review of Publications. 1. Assessment of Changes in the Water Regime of Russian Rivers by Observation Data. Water Resources, 49(3), 333-350, DOI:10.1134/S0097807822030046.
Gelfan A.N., Gusev E.M., Kalugin A.S., Krylenko I.N., Motovilov Yu.G., Nasonova O.N., Millionshchikiva T.D., Frolova N.L. (2022). Runoff of Russian Rivers under Current and Projected Climate Change: A Review 2. Climate Change Impact on the Water Regime of Russian Rivers in the XXI Century. Water Resources, 49(3), 351-365, DOI:10.1134/S0097807822030058.
Georgiadi A.G., Kashutina E.A., Milyukova I.P. (2018). Long-term Changes of Water Flow, Water Temperature and Heat Flux of the Largest Siberian Rivers. Polarforschung, 87(2), 167-176.
Golubeva E., Platov G., Malakhova V., Iakshina D., Kraineva M. (2015). Modeling the impact of the Lena River on the Laptev Sea summer hydrography and submarine permafrost state. Bulletin of the Novosibirsk Computing Center. Series: Numerical Modeling in Atmosphere, Ocean, and Environment Studies. 15,13-22.
Gottlieb Ya.L., Zhidkikh V.M. et al. (1976). Thermal regime of reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants. Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat (in Russian).
Hannah D.M., Garner G. (2015). River water temperature in the United Kingdom: changes over the 20th century and possible changes over 21st century. Progress in Physical Geography, 39. 68-92, DOI:10.1177/030913331455066.
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IPCC (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)). Cambridge University Press. In Press.
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Ivanov V.V., Nikiforov E.G. (1976). Ways to assess possible changes in the hydrological regime of the Kara Sea under the influence of the inter-basin transfer of river flow. Proceedings of AARI, 314, 176-182 (in Russian).
Ivanov V.V., Kurszunov A.N. (1980) Heat flux of rivers in the Ob-Taz. Proceedings of AARI, 358, 102-110 (in Russian)
Kashcheev M.A., Kolgushkin V.V., Reshetov V.N., Istomin M.P., Chernyakhovskiy F.G., Shalaev V.A., Schreiber B.E. (1937). Materials on the hydrology of the Anabar River. Proceedings of AARI, 106 (in Russian).
Khmyznikov P.K. (1934). Hydrology of the Yana River basin. Leningrad, AS USSR (in Russian).
Korovkin I.P. (1940). Materials on the hydrology of the Khatanga River. Northern Sea Route, 16, 79-98 (in Russian).
Korovkin I.P. (1941). On the thermal regime and the influence of heat flux of Siberian rivers on ice coverage of seas. Problems of the Arctic, 1, 23-29 (in Russian).
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Lammers R., Pundsack J., Shiklomanov A. (2007). Variability in river temperature, discharge, and energy flux from the Russian pan-Arctic landmass. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, 1-15.
Liu B. (2004). Siberia Lena river thermal regimes and changes. MS thesis, USA, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Water and Environmental Research Center.
Liu B., Yang D., Ye B., Berezovskaya S. (2005). Long-term open water season stream temperature variations and changes over Lena river basin in Siberia. Glob. Planet Change, 48(1–3), 96-111, DOI:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.12.007.
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Magritsky D.V. (2009). Heat flux of rivers into the seas of the Russian Arctic and its changes. Bulletin of Moscow State University. Series 5. Geography, 5, 69-77 (in Russian).
Magritsky D.V. (2021). A new method for calculating the heat flux of unexplored rivers (using the example of rivers in the North-East of Russia). Current Trends and Prospects for the Development of Hydrometeorology in Russia, Irkutsk, Irkutsk State University, 485-494 (in Russian).
Magritsky D.V., Alexeevsky N.I, Aybulatov D.N., Fofonova V.V., Gorelkin A. (2018). Features and evaluations of spatial and temporal changes of water runoff, sediment yield and heat flux in the Lena River delta. Polarforschung, 87(2), 89-110.
Magritskiy D.V., Chalov S.R., Agafonova S.A., Kuznetsov M.A., Banshchikova L.S. (2019). Hydrological regime of the lower ob in modern hydroclimatic conditions and under the influence of large-scale water management. Scientific Bulletin of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, 1(102), 106-115, DOI:10.26110/ARCTIC.2019.102.1.015 (in Russian).
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op_doi https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-105
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807822030046
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spelling ftjges:oai:oai.gesj.elpub.ru:article/2732 2023-05-15T14:28:00+02:00 Long-Term Heat Flux Formation Of The Large Russian Arctic Rivers And Its Transformations In Estuaries Under The Influence Of Climate-Induced And Dam-Induced Effects Alexander N. Vasilenko Dmitry V. Magritsky Natalia L. Frolova Artem I. Shevchenko 2023-01-18 application/pdf https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2732 https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-105 eng eng Russian Geographical Society https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2732/679 Alabyan A.M., Vasilenko A.N., Demidenko N.A., Krylenko I.N., Panchenko E.D., Popryadukhin A.A. (2022). Tidal dynamic in Pechora delta in summer period. Bulletin of Moscow State University. Series 5. Geography 1, 167-179 (in Russian). Alekseevskiy N.I. (2012). River flow; geographical role and indicative properties. Questions of Geography, 133, 48-71 (in Russian). Alekseevskiy N.I. (2000). The concept of geo-runoff and the state of small rivers. Erosion and riverbed processes, 13, 68-77 (in Russian). Alekseevskii N. (ed) (2007). Geoecological State of the Russian Arctic Coast and the Safety of Nature Development. Moscow: GEOS (in Russian). Antonov N.D. (1936). The amount of heat transferred by rivers into the Kara Sea. Proceedings of AARI, 35, 23-50 (in Russian). Antonov V.S. (1976). Great Siberian rivers. Series «Earth Sciences». 10, 1-44 (in Russian). Beirom S.G., Vostryakov N.V., Shirokov V.M. (1973). Changes in natural conditions at the Middle Ob after the construction of the Novosibirsk HPP. Novosibirsk, AS USSR (in Russian). Costard F., Dupeyrat L., Gautier E., Carey-Gailhardis E. (2003). Fluvial thermal erosion investigations along a rapidly eroding river bank: Application to the Lena River (Central Siberia). Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 28, 1349-1359. Elshin Yu.A. (1981). Heat flux of rivers of the European territory of the USSR. Meteorology and hydrology, 9, 85-93 (in Russian). Elshin Yu.A. (1988). Heat flux in the Arctic Ocean seas. Water resources, 5, 63-68 (in Russian). Frolova N.L., Magritskiy D.V., Kireeva M.B., Grigir’ev V.Yu., Gelfan A.N., Sazonov A.A., Shevchenko A.I. (2022) Streamflow of Russian Rivers under Current and Forecasted Climate Changes: A Review of Publications. 1. Assessment of Changes in the Water Regime of Russian Rivers by Observation Data. Water Resources, 49(3), 333-350, DOI:10.1134/S0097807822030046. Gelfan A.N., Gusev E.M., Kalugin A.S., Krylenko I.N., Motovilov Yu.G., Nasonova O.N., Millionshchikiva T.D., Frolova N.L. (2022). Runoff of Russian Rivers under Current and Projected Climate Change: A Review 2. Climate Change Impact on the Water Regime of Russian Rivers in the XXI Century. Water Resources, 49(3), 351-365, DOI:10.1134/S0097807822030058. Georgiadi A.G., Kashutina E.A., Milyukova I.P. (2018). Long-term Changes of Water Flow, Water Temperature and Heat Flux of the Largest Siberian Rivers. Polarforschung, 87(2), 167-176. Golubeva E., Platov G., Malakhova V., Iakshina D., Kraineva M. (2015). Modeling the impact of the Lena River on the Laptev Sea summer hydrography and submarine permafrost state. Bulletin of the Novosibirsk Computing Center. Series: Numerical Modeling in Atmosphere, Ocean, and Environment Studies. 15,13-22. Gottlieb Ya.L., Zhidkikh V.M. et al. (1976). Thermal regime of reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants. Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat (in Russian). Hannah D.M., Garner G. (2015). River water temperature in the United Kingdom: changes over the 20th century and possible changes over 21st century. Progress in Physical Geography, 39. 68-92, DOI:10.1177/030913331455066. IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)). IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151. IPCC (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)). Cambridge University Press. In Press. Instruction to hydrometeorological stations and posts (1978). Issue 6, part I. Hydrological observations and work on large and mediumsized rivers. Hydrometeoizdat: Leningrad, Russia (in Russian). Ivanov V.V., Nikiforov E.G. (1976). Ways to assess possible changes in the hydrological regime of the Kara Sea under the influence of the inter-basin transfer of river flow. Proceedings of AARI, 314, 176-182 (in Russian). Ivanov V.V., Kurszunov A.N. (1980) Heat flux of rivers in the Ob-Taz. Proceedings of AARI, 358, 102-110 (in Russian) Kashcheev M.A., Kolgushkin V.V., Reshetov V.N., Istomin M.P., Chernyakhovskiy F.G., Shalaev V.A., Schreiber B.E. (1937). Materials on the hydrology of the Anabar River. Proceedings of AARI, 106 (in Russian). Khmyznikov P.K. (1934). Hydrology of the Yana River basin. Leningrad, AS USSR (in Russian). Korovkin I.P. (1940). Materials on the hydrology of the Khatanga River. Northern Sea Route, 16, 79-98 (in Russian). Korovkin I.P. (1941). On the thermal regime and the influence of heat flux of Siberian rivers on ice coverage of seas. Problems of the Arctic, 1, 23-29 (in Russian). Kosmakov I.V. (2001). Thermal and ice regime in the upper and lower reaches of high-pressure hydroelectric power plants on the Yenisei. Krasnoyarsk, Publishing house «CLARETIANUM» (in Russian). Kurszunov A.N. (1984). Heat flux of the Yenisei in the estuary region. Proceedings of AARI, 394, 66-74 (in Russian). Lammers R., Pundsack J., Shiklomanov A. (2007). Variability in river temperature, discharge, and energy flux from the Russian pan-Arctic landmass. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, 1-15. Liu B. (2004). Siberia Lena river thermal regimes and changes. MS thesis, USA, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Water and Environmental Research Center. Liu B., Yang D., Ye B., Berezovskaya S. (2005). Long-term open water season stream temperature variations and changes over Lena river basin in Siberia. Glob. Planet Change, 48(1–3), 96-111, DOI:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.12.007. Magritskiy D. (2008). Anthropogenic Impact on the runoff of Russian rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean. Water Resources, 35, DOI:10.1134/S0097807808010016. Magritskiy D. (2019). Water consumption on the catchments of the arctic rivers and into the Arctic zone of Russia: parameters, structure, and many-year dynamics. Water sector of Russia: problems, technologies, management, 3, 20-37 (in Russian). Magritsky D.V. (2015). Factors and trends of the long-term fluctuations of water, sediment and heat runoff in the lower reaches of the Lena River and the Vilyui River. Bulletin of Moscow State University. Series 5. Geography, 6, 85-95 (in Russian). Magritsky D.V. (2009). Heat flux of rivers into the seas of the Russian Arctic and its changes. Bulletin of Moscow State University. Series 5. Geography, 5, 69-77 (in Russian). Magritsky D.V. (2021). A new method for calculating the heat flux of unexplored rivers (using the example of rivers in the North-East of Russia). Current Trends and Prospects for the Development of Hydrometeorology in Russia, Irkutsk, Irkutsk State University, 485-494 (in Russian). Magritsky D.V., Alexeevsky N.I, Aybulatov D.N., Fofonova V.V., Gorelkin A. (2018). Features and evaluations of spatial and temporal changes of water runoff, sediment yield and heat flux in the Lena River delta. Polarforschung, 87(2), 89-110. Magritskiy D.V., Chalov S.R., Agafonova S.A., Kuznetsov M.A., Banshchikova L.S. (2019). Hydrological regime of the lower ob in modern hydroclimatic conditions and under the influence of large-scale water management. Scientific Bulletin of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, 1(102), 106-115, DOI:10.26110/ARCTIC.2019.102.1.015 (in Russian). Magritsky D.V.; Evseeva L.S.; Reteyum K.F. (2004). Natural and technogenic factors of changes in the thermal flow of northern and southern rivers of Russia. Hydroecology: theory and practice. Problems of hydrology and hydroecology, Issue 2. Moscow, Lomonosov MSU, 213-237 (in Russian). Magritsky, D.V.; Frolova, N.L.; Agafonova, S.A.; Efimov, V.A.; Vasilenko, A.N.; Sazonov, A.A.; Efimova, L.E. (2022). Hydrological conditions at the mouth of the Kolyma River following the results of the summer complex expedition of 2019. Bulletin of Moscow State University. Series 5. Geography, 1, 1-20 (in Russian). 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State Hydrological Institute: Saint Petersburg, Russia Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).The information and opinions presented in the Journal reflect the views of the authors and not of the Journal or its Editorial Board or the Publisher. The GES Journal has used its best endeavors to ensure that the information is correct and current at the time of publication but takes no responsibility for any error, omission, or defect therein. Авторы, публикующие в данном журнале, соглашаются со следующим:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права на работу и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution License, которая позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы сохраняют право заключать отдельные контрактные договорённости, касающиеся не-эксклюзивного распространения версии работы в опубликованном здесь виде (например, размещение ее в институтском хранилище, публикацию в книге), со ссылкой на ее оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы имеют право размещать их работу CC-BY GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY; Vol 15, No 4 (2022); 158-170 2542-1565 2071-9388 reservoir water temperature heat flux climate changes info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2023 ftjges https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-105 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807822030046 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807822030058 https://doi.org/10.1177/030913331455066 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.12.007 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097 2023-01-24T17:49:42Z The heat flux of the large rivers flowing into the Arctic seas of Russia plays an essential role in the thermal and ice regime of the lower reaches of these rivers and the southern part of the Arctic seas. However, estimates of the total value of heat flux and its spatial-temporal distribution require clarification. In this research, we analyzed monthly, and yearly water temperature data from 55 gauges and water flow data from 35 gauges in the lower reaches of the rivers of the Russian Arctic northerner of 60 N. These rivers are: Onega, Northern Dvina, Mezen, Pechora, Ob, Nadym, Pur, Taz, Yenisei, Khatanga, Anabar, Olenek, Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Alazeya, Kolyma and their main tributaries. The collected data series covers 1930-2018, focusing more on 1960–2018. We used Spearman trend tests and Mann-Whitney U-test to clarify changes in the thermal regime of study rivers. Our estimations showed that heat flux did not significantly increase in the past three decades on most rivers except Yenisei and Yana lowlands. Water temperatures on rivers monotonically increased after 1960, especially in May and June, but without statistical significance. The role of dams in the water temperature regime is observed for nearly 500 km lower dams, but it is not observed in their lowlands and mouths. We also identified the decrease in water temperatures and heat flux in river lowlands, estuaries and deltas up to 25% for Yenisei lowlands. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic dvina khatanga Mezen Mezen' Pechora Polarforschung Geography, Environment, Sustainability (E-Journal) Alazeya ENVELOPE(153.682,153.682,70.859,70.859) Anabar ENVELOPE(113.624,113.624,73.286,73.286) Arctic Indigirka ENVELOPE(149.609,149.609,70.929,70.929) Kolyma ENVELOPE(161.000,161.000,69.500,69.500) Nadym ENVELOPE(72.517,72.517,65.533,65.533) Onega ENVELOPE(38.100,38.100,63.900,63.900) GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 15 4 158 170

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