Assessing The Spatiotemporal Urban Green Cover Changes and Their Impact on Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Island in Lahore (Pakistan)
Urban vegetation has a decisive role in sustaining homogeneous Land Surface Temperature (LST) in a built-up environment. However, urban areas are facing rapid changes in land use/land cover (LULC) over the last few decades as green cover is being replaced by built-up structures. Consequently, LST is...
| Published in: | GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , |
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Russian Geographical Society
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2333 https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-005 |
| _version_ | 1828683136585695232 |
|---|---|
| author | M. Jabbar M. M. Yusoff |
| author2 | The author (Muhammad Jabbar) gratefully appreciates the support and supervision of the co-author (Dr. Mariney Mohd Yusoff ) and the efforts of reviewers and editors in converting this piece of research into a successful scientific research paper |
| author_facet | M. Jabbar M. M. Yusoff |
| author_sort | M. Jabbar |
| collection | Geography, Environment, Sustainability |
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 130 |
| container_title | GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY |
| container_volume | 15 |
| description | Urban vegetation has a decisive role in sustaining homogeneous Land Surface Temperature (LST) in a built-up environment. However, urban areas are facing rapid changes in land use/land cover (LULC) over the last few decades as green cover is being replaced by built-up structures. Consequently, LST is increasing and urban heat island (UHI) effects are expanding. In this context, this study was organized to assess urban green cover changes in Lahore and their impact on LST and UHI effects. For this, climate data was collected from the Pakistan Meteorological Department and Landsat images were acquired from Earth Explorer. LULC and LST maps were generated for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 in ArcGIS 10.8. Also, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) were computed to analyze the effects of vegetation and built-up areas on LST and UHI. The study found that over the last three decades, built-up area increased 113.85% by removing 392.78 km2 of green cover in the study area. Similarly, a rapid expansion of the high LST range and UHI effects was found towards the eastern and southern parts of the study area. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between LST and NDVI, whereas the correlation between LST and NDBI was found to be positive. Therefore, it was concluded that the continuation of green cover reduction is highly damaging because this might render the city more fragile ecologically. So, the study calls the attention of the responsible authorities for suitable measures against continuous green cover loss in the study area. |
| format | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| genre | Arctic |
| genre_facet | Arctic |
| id | ftjges:oai:oai.gesj.elpub.ru:article/2333 |
| institution | Open Polar |
| language | English |
| op_collection_id | ftjges |
| op_container_end_page | 140 |
| op_doi | https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-00510.3390/atmos12081037 |
| op_relation | https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2333/633 Abuloye, A., Popoola, K., Adewale, A., Vera, O., & Nicholas, E. (2015). Assessment of Daytime Surface Urban Heat Island in Onitsha, Nigeria, DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.5117.5765. Aflaki A., Mirnezhad M., Ghaffarianhoseini A., Ghaffarianhoseini A., Omrany H., Wang Z.-H., & Akbari H. (2017). Urban heat island mitigation strategies: A state-of-the-art review on Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Hong Kong. Cities, 62, 131–145. Alavipanah S., Wegmann M., Qureshi S., Weng Q., & Koellner T. (2015). The Role of Vegetation in Mitigating Urban Land Surface Temperatures: A Case Study of Munich, Germany during the Warm Season. Sustainability, 7(4), 4689–4706. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7044689 Amani-Beni M., Zhang B., Xie G.-D., & Shi Y. (2019). Impacts of urban green landscape patterns on land surface temperature: Evidence from the adjacent area of Olympic Forest Park of Beijing, China. Sustainability, 11(2), 513 Barman T., Ghongade R., & Ratnaparkhi A. (2016). Rough set based segmentation and classification model for ECG. 2016 Conference on Advances in Signal Processing (CASP), 18–23. Deng X., Li, Z., & Gibson J. (2016). A review on trade-off analysis of ecosystem services for sustainable land-use management. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(7), 953–968. El-Hattab M., S.m. A., & G.e. L. (2018). Monitoring and assessment of urban heat islands over the Southern region of Cairo Governorate, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 21(3), 311–323, DOI: /10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.08.008. Forman R. T. (2016). Urban ecology principles: Are urban ecology and natural area ecology really different? Landscape Ecology, 31(8), 1653–1662. Fu P., & Weng Q. (2016). A time series analysis of urbanization induced land use and land cover change and its impact on land surface temperature with Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 175, 205–214. Grover A., & Singh R. B. (2015). Analysis of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Relation to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): A Comparative Study of Delhi and Mumbai. Environments, 2(2), 125–138, DOI:10.3390/environments2020125. Gunawardena K. R., Wells M. J., & Kershaw T. (2017). Utilising green and bluespace to mitigate urban heat island intensity. Science of the Total Environment, 584, 1040–1055. Guo G., Wu Z., & Chen Y. (2019). Complex mechanisms linking land surface temperature to greenspace spatial patterns: Evidence from four southeastern Chinese cities. Science of The Total Environment, 674, 77–87. Iqbal M. Z., & Iqbal M. J. (2018). Land use detection using remote sensing and gis (A case study of Rawalpindi Division). American Journal of Remote Sensing, 6(1), 39–51. Jabbar M., Yusoff M. M., & Shafie A. (2021). Assessing the role of urban green spaces for human well-being: A systematic review. GeoJournal, DOI:10.1007/s10708-021-10474-7. Jiang Y., Fu, P., & Weng Q. (2015). Assessing the Impacts of Urbanization-Associated Land Use/Cover Change on Land Surface Temperature and Surface Moisture: A Case Study in the Midwestern United States. Remote Sensing, 7(4), 4880–4898. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404880 Kaplan G., Avdan U., & Avdan Z. Y. (2018). Urban Heat Island Analysis Using the Landsat 8 Satellite Data: A Case Study in Skopje, Macedonia. Proceedings, 2(7), 358, DOI:10.3390/ecrs-2-05171. Koko A. F., Yue W., Abubakar G. A., Alabsi A. A. N., & Hamed R. (2021). Spatiotemporal Influence of Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamics on Surface Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(5), 272, DOI:10.3390/ijgi10050272. Konstantinov P. I., Grishchenko M. Y., & Varentsov M. I. (2015). Mapping urban heat islands of arctic cities using combined data on field measurements and satellite images based on the example of the city of Apatity (Murmansk Oblast). Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 51(9), 992–998, DOI:10.1134/S000143381509011X. Krellenberg K., Welz J., & Reyes-Päcke S. (2014). Urban green areas and their potential for social interaction–A case study of a socioeconomically mixed neighbourhood in Santiago de Chile. Habitat International, 44, 11–21, DOI:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.04.004. Li J., Zheng X., Zhang C., & Chen Y. (2018). Impact of land-use and land-cover change on meteorology in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region from 1990 to 2010. Sustainability, 10(1), 176. Lou H., Yang S., Zhao C., Wang Z., Liu X., Shi L., Wu L., Hao F., & Cai M. (2017). Combining multi-source data to explore a mechanism for the effects of micrometeorological elements on nutrient variations in paddy land water. Paddy and Water Environment, 15(3), 513–524, DOI:10.1007/s10333-016-0568-5. MAHMOUDZADEH H. (2007). Digital change detection using remotely sensed data for monitoring green space destruction in Tabriz. Mensah C. A., Andres L., Perera U., & Roji A. (2016). Enhancing quality of life through the lens of green spaces: A systematic review approach. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(1), 142–163, DOI:10.5502/ijw.v6i1.445. Mishra V. N., Rai P. K., & Mohan K. (2014). Prediction of land use changes based on land change modeler (LCM) using remote sensing: A case study of Muzaffarpur (Bihar), India. Journal of the Geographical Institute» Jovan Cvijic», SASA, 64(1), 111–127. Mohamed M. A. (2021). Spatiotemporal Impacts of Urban Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature: A Comparative Study of Damascus and Aleppo (Syria). Atmosphere, 12(8), 1037, DOI:10.3390/atmos12081037. Naeem M. A., Armutlulu A., Imtiaz Q., Donat F., Schäublin R., Kierzkowska A., & Müller C. R. (2018). Optimization of the structural characteristics of CaO and its effective stabilization yield high-capacity CO2 sorbents. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1–11. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 October 2020, from https://www.noaa.gov/ Niu X., Tang J., Wang S., & Fu C. (2019). Impact of future land use and land cover change on temperature projections over East Asia. Climate Dynamics, 52(11), 6475–6490, DOI:10.1007/s00382-018-4525-4. Oke T. R. (1982). The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 108(455), 1–24. Pakistan Meteorological Department PMD. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 October 2020, from http://www.pmd.gov.pk/index-old.html Palafox-Juárez E. B., López-Martínez J. O., Hernández-Stefanoni J. L., & Hernández-Nuñez H. (2021). Impact of Urban Land-Cover Changes on the Spatial-Temporal Land Surface Temperature in a Tropical City of Mexico. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(2), 76, DOI:10.3390/ijgi10020076. Ramaiah M., Avtar R., & Rahman M. M. (2020). Land Cover Influences on LST in Two Proposed Smart Cities of India: Comparative Analysis Using Spectral Indices. Land, 9(9), 292, DOI:10.3390/land9090292. Shirazi S. A. (n.d.). Temporal Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Lahore-Pakistan. 13(1), 20. Shirazi S. A., & Kazmi J. H. (2016). Analysis of socio-environmental impacts of the loss of urban trees and vegetation in Lahore, Pakistan: A review of public perception. Ecological Processes, 5(1), 1–12. Tran D. X., Pla F., Latorre-Carmona P., Myint S. W., Caetano M., & Kieu H. V. (2017). Characterizing the relationship between land use land cover change and land surface temperature. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 124, 119–132, DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.01.001. Varentsov M. I., Grishchenko M. Y., & Wouters H. (2019). Simultaneous assessment of the summer urban heat island in Moscow megacity based on in situ observations, thermal satellite images and mesoscale modeling. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, 12(4), 74–95, DOI:10.24057/2071-9388-2019-10. Wan Mohd Jaafar W. S., Abdul Maulud K. N., Muhmad Kamarulzaman A. M., Raihan A., Md Sah S., Ahmad A., Saad S. N. M., Mohd Azmi A. T., Jusoh Syukri N. K. A., & Razzaq Khan W. (2020). The influence of deforestation on land surface temperature—A case study of Perak and Kedah, Malaysia. Forests, 11(6), 670. Wang H., Zhang Y., Tsou J. Y., & Li Y. (2017). Surface Urban Heat Island Analysis of Shanghai (China) Based on the Change of Land Use and Land Cover. Sustainability, 9(9), 1538, DOI:10.3390/su9091538. WHO %7C Urban green spaces. (n.d.). WHO; World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 April 2020, from http://www.who.int/sustainabledevelopment/cities/health-risks/urban-green-space/en/ Wibowo A., Yusoff M. M., Adura T. A., & Zaini L. H. (2020). Spatial model of air surface temperature using Landsat 8 TIRS. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 500(1), 012009. Yang Y.-J., Wu B.-W., Shi C., Zhang J.-H., Li Y.-B., Tang W.-A., Wen H.-Y., Zhang H.-Q., & Shi T. (2013). Impacts of Urbanization and Stationrelocation on Surface Air Temperature Series in Anhui Province, China. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170(11), 1969–1983, DOI:10.1007/s00024-012-0619-9. Yasin M. Y., Yusof M., & Nisfariza M. N. (2019). Urban sprawl assessment using time-series lulc and NDVI variation: A case study of Sepang, Malaysia. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(3), 5583–5602. Yu Z., Guo X., Zeng Y., Koga M., & Vejre, H. (2018). Variations in land surface temperature and cooling efficiency of green space in rapid urbanization: The case of Fuzhou city, China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 29, 113–121. Zhang L., Tan P. Y., & Diehl J. A. (2017). A conceptual framework for studying urban green spaces effects on health. Journal of Urban Ecology, 3(1), DOI:10.1093/jue/jux015. Zhou W., Wang J., & Cadenasso M. L. (2017). Effects of the spatial configuration of trees on urban heat mitigation: A comparative study. Remote Sensing of Environment, 195, 1–12. https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2333 |
| op_rights | Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).The information and opinions presented in the Journal reflect the views of the authors and not of the Journal or its Editorial Board or the Publisher. The GES Journal has used its best endeavors to ensure that the information is correct and current at the time of publication but takes no responsibility for any error, omission, or defect therein. Авторы, публикующие в данном журнале, соглашаются со следующим:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права на работу и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution License, которая позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы сохраняют право заключать отдельные контрактные договорённости, касающиеся не-эксклюзивного распространения версии работы в опубликованном здесь виде (например, размещение ее в институтском хранилище, публикацию в книге), со ссылкой на ее оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы имеют право размещать их работу в сети Интернет (например в институтском хранилище или персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу (См. The Effect of Open Access). |
| op_source | GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY; Vol 15, No 1 (2022); 130-140 2542-1565 2071-9388 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Russian Geographical Society |
| record_format | openpolar |
| spelling | ftjges:oai:oai.gesj.elpub.ru:article/2333 2025-04-06T14:41:43+00:00 Assessing The Spatiotemporal Urban Green Cover Changes and Their Impact on Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Island in Lahore (Pakistan) M. Jabbar M. M. Yusoff The author (Muhammad Jabbar) gratefully appreciates the support and supervision of the co-author (Dr. Mariney Mohd Yusoff ) and the efforts of reviewers and editors in converting this piece of research into a successful scientific research paper 2022-03-28 application/pdf https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2333 https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-005 eng eng Russian Geographical Society https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2333/633 Abuloye, A., Popoola, K., Adewale, A., Vera, O., & Nicholas, E. (2015). Assessment of Daytime Surface Urban Heat Island in Onitsha, Nigeria, DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.5117.5765. Aflaki A., Mirnezhad M., Ghaffarianhoseini A., Ghaffarianhoseini A., Omrany H., Wang Z.-H., & Akbari H. (2017). Urban heat island mitigation strategies: A state-of-the-art review on Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Hong Kong. Cities, 62, 131–145. Alavipanah S., Wegmann M., Qureshi S., Weng Q., & Koellner T. (2015). The Role of Vegetation in Mitigating Urban Land Surface Temperatures: A Case Study of Munich, Germany during the Warm Season. Sustainability, 7(4), 4689–4706. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7044689 Amani-Beni M., Zhang B., Xie G.-D., & Shi Y. (2019). Impacts of urban green landscape patterns on land surface temperature: Evidence from the adjacent area of Olympic Forest Park of Beijing, China. Sustainability, 11(2), 513 Barman T., Ghongade R., & Ratnaparkhi A. (2016). Rough set based segmentation and classification model for ECG. 2016 Conference on Advances in Signal Processing (CASP), 18–23. Deng X., Li, Z., & Gibson J. (2016). A review on trade-off analysis of ecosystem services for sustainable land-use management. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(7), 953–968. El-Hattab M., S.m. A., & G.e. L. (2018). Monitoring and assessment of urban heat islands over the Southern region of Cairo Governorate, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 21(3), 311–323, DOI: /10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.08.008. Forman R. T. (2016). Urban ecology principles: Are urban ecology and natural area ecology really different? Landscape Ecology, 31(8), 1653–1662. Fu P., & Weng Q. (2016). A time series analysis of urbanization induced land use and land cover change and its impact on land surface temperature with Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 175, 205–214. Grover A., & Singh R. B. (2015). Analysis of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Relation to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): A Comparative Study of Delhi and Mumbai. Environments, 2(2), 125–138, DOI:10.3390/environments2020125. Gunawardena K. R., Wells M. J., & Kershaw T. (2017). Utilising green and bluespace to mitigate urban heat island intensity. Science of the Total Environment, 584, 1040–1055. Guo G., Wu Z., & Chen Y. (2019). Complex mechanisms linking land surface temperature to greenspace spatial patterns: Evidence from four southeastern Chinese cities. Science of The Total Environment, 674, 77–87. Iqbal M. Z., & Iqbal M. J. (2018). Land use detection using remote sensing and gis (A case study of Rawalpindi Division). American Journal of Remote Sensing, 6(1), 39–51. Jabbar M., Yusoff M. M., & Shafie A. (2021). Assessing the role of urban green spaces for human well-being: A systematic review. GeoJournal, DOI:10.1007/s10708-021-10474-7. Jiang Y., Fu, P., & Weng Q. (2015). Assessing the Impacts of Urbanization-Associated Land Use/Cover Change on Land Surface Temperature and Surface Moisture: A Case Study in the Midwestern United States. Remote Sensing, 7(4), 4880–4898. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404880 Kaplan G., Avdan U., & Avdan Z. Y. (2018). Urban Heat Island Analysis Using the Landsat 8 Satellite Data: A Case Study in Skopje, Macedonia. Proceedings, 2(7), 358, DOI:10.3390/ecrs-2-05171. Koko A. F., Yue W., Abubakar G. A., Alabsi A. A. N., & Hamed R. (2021). Spatiotemporal Influence of Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamics on Surface Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(5), 272, DOI:10.3390/ijgi10050272. Konstantinov P. I., Grishchenko M. Y., & Varentsov M. I. (2015). Mapping urban heat islands of arctic cities using combined data on field measurements and satellite images based on the example of the city of Apatity (Murmansk Oblast). Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 51(9), 992–998, DOI:10.1134/S000143381509011X. Krellenberg K., Welz J., & Reyes-Päcke S. (2014). Urban green areas and their potential for social interaction–A case study of a socioeconomically mixed neighbourhood in Santiago de Chile. Habitat International, 44, 11–21, DOI:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.04.004. Li J., Zheng X., Zhang C., & Chen Y. (2018). Impact of land-use and land-cover change on meteorology in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region from 1990 to 2010. Sustainability, 10(1), 176. Lou H., Yang S., Zhao C., Wang Z., Liu X., Shi L., Wu L., Hao F., & Cai M. (2017). Combining multi-source data to explore a mechanism for the effects of micrometeorological elements on nutrient variations in paddy land water. Paddy and Water Environment, 15(3), 513–524, DOI:10.1007/s10333-016-0568-5. MAHMOUDZADEH H. (2007). Digital change detection using remotely sensed data for monitoring green space destruction in Tabriz. Mensah C. A., Andres L., Perera U., & Roji A. (2016). Enhancing quality of life through the lens of green spaces: A systematic review approach. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(1), 142–163, DOI:10.5502/ijw.v6i1.445. Mishra V. N., Rai P. K., & Mohan K. (2014). Prediction of land use changes based on land change modeler (LCM) using remote sensing: A case study of Muzaffarpur (Bihar), India. Journal of the Geographical Institute» Jovan Cvijic», SASA, 64(1), 111–127. Mohamed M. A. (2021). Spatiotemporal Impacts of Urban Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature: A Comparative Study of Damascus and Aleppo (Syria). Atmosphere, 12(8), 1037, DOI:10.3390/atmos12081037. Naeem M. A., Armutlulu A., Imtiaz Q., Donat F., Schäublin R., Kierzkowska A., & Müller C. R. (2018). Optimization of the structural characteristics of CaO and its effective stabilization yield high-capacity CO2 sorbents. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1–11. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 October 2020, from https://www.noaa.gov/ Niu X., Tang J., Wang S., & Fu C. (2019). Impact of future land use and land cover change on temperature projections over East Asia. Climate Dynamics, 52(11), 6475–6490, DOI:10.1007/s00382-018-4525-4. Oke T. R. (1982). The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 108(455), 1–24. Pakistan Meteorological Department PMD. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 October 2020, from http://www.pmd.gov.pk/index-old.html Palafox-Juárez E. B., López-Martínez J. O., Hernández-Stefanoni J. L., & Hernández-Nuñez H. (2021). Impact of Urban Land-Cover Changes on the Spatial-Temporal Land Surface Temperature in a Tropical City of Mexico. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(2), 76, DOI:10.3390/ijgi10020076. Ramaiah M., Avtar R., & Rahman M. M. (2020). Land Cover Influences on LST in Two Proposed Smart Cities of India: Comparative Analysis Using Spectral Indices. Land, 9(9), 292, DOI:10.3390/land9090292. Shirazi S. A. (n.d.). Temporal Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Lahore-Pakistan. 13(1), 20. Shirazi S. A., & Kazmi J. H. (2016). Analysis of socio-environmental impacts of the loss of urban trees and vegetation in Lahore, Pakistan: A review of public perception. Ecological Processes, 5(1), 1–12. Tran D. X., Pla F., Latorre-Carmona P., Myint S. W., Caetano M., & Kieu H. V. (2017). Characterizing the relationship between land use land cover change and land surface temperature. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 124, 119–132, DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.01.001. Varentsov M. I., Grishchenko M. Y., & Wouters H. (2019). Simultaneous assessment of the summer urban heat island in Moscow megacity based on in situ observations, thermal satellite images and mesoscale modeling. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, 12(4), 74–95, DOI:10.24057/2071-9388-2019-10. Wan Mohd Jaafar W. S., Abdul Maulud K. N., Muhmad Kamarulzaman A. M., Raihan A., Md Sah S., Ahmad A., Saad S. N. M., Mohd Azmi A. T., Jusoh Syukri N. K. A., & Razzaq Khan W. (2020). The influence of deforestation on land surface temperature—A case study of Perak and Kedah, Malaysia. Forests, 11(6), 670. Wang H., Zhang Y., Tsou J. Y., & Li Y. (2017). Surface Urban Heat Island Analysis of Shanghai (China) Based on the Change of Land Use and Land Cover. Sustainability, 9(9), 1538, DOI:10.3390/su9091538. WHO %7C Urban green spaces. (n.d.). WHO; World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 April 2020, from http://www.who.int/sustainabledevelopment/cities/health-risks/urban-green-space/en/ Wibowo A., Yusoff M. M., Adura T. A., & Zaini L. H. (2020). Spatial model of air surface temperature using Landsat 8 TIRS. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 500(1), 012009. Yang Y.-J., Wu B.-W., Shi C., Zhang J.-H., Li Y.-B., Tang W.-A., Wen H.-Y., Zhang H.-Q., & Shi T. (2013). Impacts of Urbanization and Stationrelocation on Surface Air Temperature Series in Anhui Province, China. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170(11), 1969–1983, DOI:10.1007/s00024-012-0619-9. Yasin M. Y., Yusof M., & Nisfariza M. N. (2019). Urban sprawl assessment using time-series lulc and NDVI variation: A case study of Sepang, Malaysia. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(3), 5583–5602. Yu Z., Guo X., Zeng Y., Koga M., & Vejre, H. (2018). Variations in land surface temperature and cooling efficiency of green space in rapid urbanization: The case of Fuzhou city, China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 29, 113–121. Zhang L., Tan P. Y., & Diehl J. A. (2017). A conceptual framework for studying urban green spaces effects on health. Journal of Urban Ecology, 3(1), DOI:10.1093/jue/jux015. Zhou W., Wang J., & Cadenasso M. L. (2017). Effects of the spatial configuration of trees on urban heat mitigation: A comparative study. Remote Sensing of Environment, 195, 1–12. https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2333 Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).The information and opinions presented in the Journal reflect the views of the authors and not of the Journal or its Editorial Board or the Publisher. The GES Journal has used its best endeavors to ensure that the information is correct and current at the time of publication but takes no responsibility for any error, omission, or defect therein. 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GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY; Vol 15, No 1 (2022); 130-140 2542-1565 2071-9388 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Land Use/Land Cover Changes Urban Heat Island Urban Green Cover info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2022 ftjges https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-00510.3390/atmos12081037 2025-03-10T11:35:07Z Urban vegetation has a decisive role in sustaining homogeneous Land Surface Temperature (LST) in a built-up environment. However, urban areas are facing rapid changes in land use/land cover (LULC) over the last few decades as green cover is being replaced by built-up structures. Consequently, LST is increasing and urban heat island (UHI) effects are expanding. In this context, this study was organized to assess urban green cover changes in Lahore and their impact on LST and UHI effects. For this, climate data was collected from the Pakistan Meteorological Department and Landsat images were acquired from Earth Explorer. LULC and LST maps were generated for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 in ArcGIS 10.8. Also, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) were computed to analyze the effects of vegetation and built-up areas on LST and UHI. The study found that over the last three decades, built-up area increased 113.85% by removing 392.78 km2 of green cover in the study area. Similarly, a rapid expansion of the high LST range and UHI effects was found towards the eastern and southern parts of the study area. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between LST and NDVI, whereas the correlation between LST and NDBI was found to be positive. Therefore, it was concluded that the continuation of green cover reduction is highly damaging because this might render the city more fragile ecologically. So, the study calls the attention of the responsible authorities for suitable measures against continuous green cover loss in the study area. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Geography, Environment, Sustainability GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 15 1 130 140 |
| spellingShingle | Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Land Use/Land Cover Changes Urban Heat Island Urban Green Cover M. Jabbar M. M. Yusoff Assessing The Spatiotemporal Urban Green Cover Changes and Their Impact on Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Island in Lahore (Pakistan) |
| title | Assessing The Spatiotemporal Urban Green Cover Changes and Their Impact on Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Island in Lahore (Pakistan) |
| title_full | Assessing The Spatiotemporal Urban Green Cover Changes and Their Impact on Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Island in Lahore (Pakistan) |
| title_fullStr | Assessing The Spatiotemporal Urban Green Cover Changes and Their Impact on Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Island in Lahore (Pakistan) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing The Spatiotemporal Urban Green Cover Changes and Their Impact on Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Island in Lahore (Pakistan) |
| title_short | Assessing The Spatiotemporal Urban Green Cover Changes and Their Impact on Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Island in Lahore (Pakistan) |
| title_sort | assessing the spatiotemporal urban green cover changes and their impact on land surface temperature and urban heat island in lahore (pakistan) |
| topic | Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Land Use/Land Cover Changes Urban Heat Island Urban Green Cover |
| topic_facet | Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Land Use/Land Cover Changes Urban Heat Island Urban Green Cover |
| url | https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2333 https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-005 |