TUNDRA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

Both palaeogeographical reconstructions and general circulation models indicate that global warming is especially strongly manifested in high latitudes. Under a 2°C increase in mean global temperature, almost the entire modern tundra zone would become potentially suitable for tree growth. Neverthele...

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Published in:GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY
Main Authors: Terry Callaghan, Andrei Velichko, Olga Borisova
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Russian Geographical Society 2011
Subjects:
tundra;polar ecosystems;global warming;northern tree line shifts
Arctic
Global warming
Tundra
Online Access:https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/206
https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2011-4-3-4-18
id ftjges:oai:oai.gesj.elpub.ru:article/206
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Geography, Environment, Sustainability (E-Journal)
op_collection_id ftjges
language English
topic tundra;polar ecosystems;global warming;northern tree line shifts
spellingShingle tundra;polar ecosystems;global warming;northern tree line shifts
Terry Callaghan
Andrei Velichko
Olga Borisova
TUNDRA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
topic_facet tundra;polar ecosystems;global warming;northern tree line shifts
description Both palaeogeographical reconstructions and general circulation models indicate that global warming is especially strongly manifested in high latitudes. Under a 2°C increase in mean global temperature, almost the entire modern tundra zone would become potentially suitable for tree growth. Nevertheless, palaeobotanic data cannot be applied directly to estimating vegetation response to the global warming expected in the 21st century, as they characterize a quasi-equilibrium state of ecosystems, which takes several centuries to be achieved. Low migration rates of trees, damage caused by fires and insects, processes of soil drying or paludification, and influence of herbivorous animals and human activities may slow down considerably forest spread in tundra. Climate warming will probably cause a decline in the populations of Arctic species and expansion of ranges of some southern animal species into the Arctic.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Terry Callaghan
Andrei Velichko
Olga Borisova
author_facet Terry Callaghan
Andrei Velichko
Olga Borisova
author_sort Terry Callaghan
title TUNDRA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_short TUNDRA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_full TUNDRA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_fullStr TUNDRA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_full_unstemmed TUNDRA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_sort tundra in a changing climate
publisher Russian Geographical Society
publishDate 2011
url https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/206
https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2011-4-3-4-18
geographic Arctic
geographic_facet Arctic
genre Arctic
Arctic
Global warming
Tundra
genre_facet Arctic
Arctic
Global warming
Tundra
op_source GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY; Vol 4, No 3 (2011); 4-18
2542-1565
2071-9388
op_relation https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/206/203
Aanes, R., B.-E. Saether, N.A. Oritsland (2000) Fluctuations of an introduced population of
Svalbard reindeer: the effects of density dependence and climatic variation // Ecography.
V. 23. P. 437–443.
Anisimov, O.A., Velichko A.A., Demchenko P.F. et al. (2002) Effect of climate change on
permafrost in the past, present, and future // Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys., V. 38, pp. 25–39.
Atlas of paleoclimates and paleoenvironments of Northern hemisphere. Late Pleistocene –
Holocene (1992) B. Frenzel, M. Pesci, A.A. Velichko (eds). Geogr. Res. Inst. HAS and Gustav
Fischer Verlag, Budapest – Stuttgart,. 146 p. + maps.
Batzli, G.O., R.G. White, S.F. MacLean, Jr., et al. (1980) The herbivore-based trophic system //
An Arctic ecosystem: The coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Stroudsburg: Dowden, Hutchinson
and Ross. P. 81–95.
Bigelow, N.H., L.B. Brubaker, M.E. Edwards et al. (2003) Climate change and Arctic ecosystems:
Vegetation changes north of 55°N between the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene,
and present // J. of Geophys. Res. V. 108. № D19: 8170. doi:10.1029/2002JD002558.
Bliss, L.C., N.V. Matveyeva (1992) Circumpolar Arctic vegetation // Arctic and Alpine biodiversity
patterns, causes and ecosystem consequences. Heidelberg: Springer. P. 59–89.
Cairns, D.M., J. Moen (2004) Herbivory influences tree lines // J. of Ecology V. 92. P. 1019–1024.
Callaghan, T.V., L.O. Bjorn, F.S. Chapin III et al. (2005) Arctic tundra and polar desert
ecosystems // Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA): Scientific report. Cambridge:
Cambridge Univ. Press. P. 243–352.
CAPE Project Members. (2001) Holocene paleoclimate data from the Arctic: Testing models
of global climate change // Quat. Sci. Rev. V. 20. P. 1275–1287.
Chapin, F.S., A.D. McGuire, J. Randerson et al. (2000) Arctic and boreal ecosystems of
western North America as components of the climate system // Global Change Biol.
V. 6. P. 1–13.
Chapin, F.S., M. Sturm, M.C. Serreze et al. (2005) Role of land-surface changes in Arctic summer
warming // Science. V. 310. P. 657–660.
Christensen, T.R., T. Johansson, N. Malmer et al. (2004) Thawing sub-arctic permafrost: Effects
on vegetation and methane emissions // Geophys. Res. Lett. 31. 04501.
Cicerone, R.J., R.S. Oremland (1988) Biogeochemical aspects of atmospheric methane //
Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles. V. 2. P. 299–327.
Climate Change. The Physical Science Basis. (2007) Contribution of Working Group I to the
Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 996 pp.
Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF). (2001) Arctic flora and fauna: status and
conservation. Helsinki: Edita. 272 p.
Cornelissen, J.H.C., T.V.Callaghan, J.M. Alatalo et al. (2001) Global change and Arctic ecosystems:
is lichen decline a function of increases in vascular plant biomass? // J. Ecology.
V. 89. P. 984–994.
Crawford, R.M.M., C.E. Jeffree, W.G. Rees (2003) Paludification and forest retreat in northern
oceanic environments // Ann. Botany. V. 91. P. 213–226.
Davis, M.B. (1989) Lags in vegetation response to greenhouse warming // Climatic
Change. V. 15. P. 75–82.
Dormann C.F., S.J. Woodin (2002) Climate change in the Arctic: Using plant functional
types in a meta-analysis of field experiments // Functional Ecology. V. 16. № 1. P. 4–17.
FAUNMAP Working Group. (1996) Spatial response of mammals to late Quaternary environmental
fluctuations // Science. V. 272. P. 1601–1606.
Fischlin, A., G.F. Midgley, J.T. Price et al. (2007) Ecosystems, their properties, goods, and services //
Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group
II to the Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. P. 211–272.
op_rights Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).The information and opinions presented in the Journal reflect the views of the authors and not of the Journal or its Editorial Board or the Publisher. The GES Journal has used its best endeavors to ensure that the information is correct and current at the time of publication but takes no responsibility for any error, omission, or defect therein.
Авторы, публикующие в данном журнале, соглашаются со следующим:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права на работу и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution License, которая позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы сохраняют право заключать отдельные контрактные договорённости, касающиеся не-эксклюзивного распространения версии работы в опубликованном здесь виде (например, размещение ее в институтском хранилище, публикацию в книге), со ссылкой на ее оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы имеют право размещать их работу
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container_volume 4
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spelling ftjges:oai:oai.gesj.elpub.ru:article/206 2023-05-15T14:23:36+02:00 TUNDRA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE Terry Callaghan Andrei Velichko Olga Borisova 2011-09-01 application/pdf https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/206 https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2011-4-3-4-18 eng eng Russian Geographical Society https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/206/203 Aanes, R., B.-E. Saether, N.A. Oritsland (2000) Fluctuations of an introduced population of Svalbard reindeer: the effects of density dependence and climatic variation // Ecography. V. 23. P. 437–443. Anisimov, O.A., Velichko A.A., Demchenko P.F. et al. (2002) Effect of climate change on permafrost in the past, present, and future // Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys., V. 38, pp. 25–39. Atlas of paleoclimates and paleoenvironments of Northern hemisphere. Late Pleistocene – Holocene (1992) B. Frenzel, M. Pesci, A.A. Velichko (eds). Geogr. Res. Inst. HAS and Gustav Fischer Verlag, Budapest – Stuttgart,. 146 p. + maps. Batzli, G.O., R.G. White, S.F. MacLean, Jr., et al. (1980) The herbivore-based trophic system // An Arctic ecosystem: The coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Stroudsburg: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross. P. 81–95. Bigelow, N.H., L.B. Brubaker, M.E. Edwards et al. (2003) Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: Vegetation changes north of 55°N between the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene, and present // J. of Geophys. Res. V. 108. № D19: 8170. doi:10.1029/2002JD002558. Bliss, L.C., N.V. Matveyeva (1992) Circumpolar Arctic vegetation // Arctic and Alpine biodiversity patterns, causes and ecosystem consequences. Heidelberg: Springer. P. 59–89. Cairns, D.M., J. Moen (2004) Herbivory influences tree lines // J. of Ecology V. 92. P. 1019–1024. Callaghan, T.V., L.O. Bjorn, F.S. Chapin III et al. (2005) Arctic tundra and polar desert ecosystems // Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA): Scientific report. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. P. 243–352. CAPE Project Members. (2001) Holocene paleoclimate data from the Arctic: Testing models of global climate change // Quat. Sci. Rev. V. 20. P. 1275–1287. Chapin, F.S., A.D. McGuire, J. Randerson et al. (2000) Arctic and boreal ecosystems of western North America as components of the climate system // Global Change Biol. V. 6. P. 1–13. Chapin, F.S., M. Sturm, M.C. Serreze et al. (2005) Role of land-surface changes in Arctic summer warming // Science. V. 310. P. 657–660. Christensen, T.R., T. Johansson, N. Malmer et al. (2004) Thawing sub-arctic permafrost: Effects on vegetation and methane emissions // Geophys. Res. Lett. 31. 04501. Cicerone, R.J., R.S. Oremland (1988) Biogeochemical aspects of atmospheric methane // Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles. V. 2. P. 299–327. Climate Change. The Physical Science Basis. (2007) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 996 pp. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF). (2001) Arctic flora and fauna: status and conservation. Helsinki: Edita. 272 p. Cornelissen, J.H.C., T.V.Callaghan, J.M. Alatalo et al. (2001) Global change and Arctic ecosystems: is lichen decline a function of increases in vascular plant biomass? // J. Ecology. V. 89. P. 984–994. Crawford, R.M.M., C.E. Jeffree, W.G. Rees (2003) Paludification and forest retreat in northern oceanic environments // Ann. Botany. V. 91. P. 213–226. Davis, M.B. (1989) Lags in vegetation response to greenhouse warming // Climatic Change. V. 15. P. 75–82. Dormann C.F., S.J. Woodin (2002) Climate change in the Arctic: Using plant functional types in a meta-analysis of field experiments // Functional Ecology. V. 16. № 1. P. 4–17. FAUNMAP Working Group. (1996) Spatial response of mammals to late Quaternary environmental fluctuations // Science. V. 272. P. 1601–1606. Fischlin, A., G.F. Midgley, J.T. Price et al. (2007) Ecosystems, their properties, goods, and services // Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. P. 211–272. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).The information and opinions presented in the Journal reflect the views of the authors and not of the Journal or its Editorial Board or the Publisher. The GES Journal has used its best endeavors to ensure that the information is correct and current at the time of publication but takes no responsibility for any error, omission, or defect therein. Авторы, публикующие в данном журнале, соглашаются со следующим:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права на работу и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution License, которая позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы сохраняют право заключать отдельные контрактные договорённости, касающиеся не-эксклюзивного распространения версии работы в опубликованном здесь виде (например, размещение ее в институтском хранилище, публикацию в книге), со ссылкой на ее оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы имеют право размещать их работу CC-BY GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY; Vol 4, No 3 (2011); 4-18 2542-1565 2071-9388 tundra;polar ecosystems;global warming;northern tree line shifts info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2011 ftjges https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2011-4-3-4-18 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002558 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002559 2021-05-21T07:34:00Z Both palaeogeographical reconstructions and general circulation models indicate that global warming is especially strongly manifested in high latitudes. Under a 2°C increase in mean global temperature, almost the entire modern tundra zone would become potentially suitable for tree growth. Nevertheless, palaeobotanic data cannot be applied directly to estimating vegetation response to the global warming expected in the 21st century, as they characterize a quasi-equilibrium state of ecosystems, which takes several centuries to be achieved. Low migration rates of trees, damage caused by fires and insects, processes of soil drying or paludification, and influence of herbivorous animals and human activities may slow down considerably forest spread in tundra. Climate warming will probably cause a decline in the populations of Arctic species and expansion of ranges of some southern animal species into the Arctic. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Global warming Tundra Geography, Environment, Sustainability (E-Journal) Arctic GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 4 3 4 18

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