Excavation of Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) Middens by Bears (Ursus spp.) in Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) Habitat in Banff National Park, Alberta

• Published in: The Canadian Field-Naturalist
• Main Author: Hamer, David
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: The Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club 2017
• Subjects: American Black Bear; Banff National Park; Grizzly Bear; Limber Pine; midden; Pinus flexilis; Red Squirrel; seeds; Tamiasciurus hudsonicus; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; Canada; The Toe
• Online Access: https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/view/1918; https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1918

Bears (Ursus spp.) in North America eat the seeds of several pines (Pinus spp.), including Limber Pine (P. flexilis E. James). Information on use of Limber Pine in Canada is limited to a report of three bear scats containing pine seeds found in Limber Pine stands of southwestern Alberta. After my pr...