PACIFIC WALRUS PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

This article identifies and evaluates strategies and policies for walrus management in both Chukotka and Alaska. As the climate and walrus migration continue to change, it is important to follow adaptable strategies that are not fixed to specific geographic areas. Many of the recommendations may be...

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Published in:BRICS Law Journal
Main Author: E. Ristroph
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Publishing House V.Ема 2017
Subjects:
International law
climate changing
Alaska
Chukotka
Pacific
Arctic
Polar Biology
walrus*
Online Access:https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/97
https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2017-4-2-6-39
id ftjbricslj:oai:oai.bricslawjournal.elpub.ru:article/97
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection BRICS Law Journal
op_collection_id ftjbricslj
language English
topic International law
climate changing
Alaska
Chukotka
spellingShingle International law
climate changing
Alaska
Chukotka
E. Ristroph
PACIFIC WALRUS PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
topic_facet International law
climate changing
Alaska
Chukotka
description This article identifies and evaluates strategies and policies for walrus management in both Chukotka and Alaska. As the climate and walrus migration continue to change, it is important to follow adaptable strategies that are not fixed to specific geographic areas. Many of the recommendations may be easier to accomplish in the United States, which offers more opportunities for co-management and stakeholder involvement. The United States government can implement most recommendations without making substantive changes to law. This was significant to most participants – hunters as well as regulators – who supported voluntary approaches over those requiring legal changes.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author E. Ristroph
author_facet E. Ristroph
author_sort E. Ristroph
title PACIFIC WALRUS PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_short PACIFIC WALRUS PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_full PACIFIC WALRUS PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_fullStr PACIFIC WALRUS PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_full_unstemmed PACIFIC WALRUS PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
title_sort pacific walrus protection and management in a changing climate
publisher Publishing House V.Ема
publishDate 2017
url https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/97
https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2017-4-2-6-39
geographic Pacific
geographic_facet Pacific
genre Arctic
Chukotka
Polar Biology
Alaska
walrus*
genre_facet Arctic
Chukotka
Polar Biology
Alaska
walrus*
op_source BRICS Law Journal; Vol 4, No 2 (2017); 6-39
Юридический журнал БРИКС; Vol 4, No 2 (2017); 6-39
2412-2343
2409-9058
10.21684/2412-2343-2017-4-2
op_relation https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/97/77
Bourne J.K., Jr. In the Empty Arctic, How to Get the Job Done? With ADrone, National Geographic, April 14, 2016 (May 10, 2017), available at http://news.nationalgeographic. com/2016/04/160414-Arctic-drones-wildlife-fire-oil-spill-environment/.
Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability: Summaries, Frequently Asked Questions, and Cross-Chapter Boxes, A Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (C.B. Field et al. (eds.), Geneva: World Meteorological Organization, 2014).
Crawford J. et al. Results from Village-Based Walrus Studies in Alaska, 2011, Alaska Marine Science Symposium, January 16–20, 2012, Anchorage, AK (May 10, 2017), available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290437169_Results_from_villagebased_walrus_studies_in_Alaska_2011.
Crawford J. et al. Results from Village-Based Walrus Studies in Alaska, 2012, Alaska Marine Science Symposium, January 21–25, 2013, Anchorage, AK (May 10, 2017), available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290437175_Results_from_villagebased_walrus_studies_in_Alaska_2012.
Higdon J.W. et al. Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca) in the Canadian Arctic: Distribution, Prey Items, Group Sizes, and Seasonality, 28(2) Marine Mammal Science (2012).
Huntington H. et al. Traditional Knowledge Regarding Walrus near Point Lay and Wainwright, Alaska, Final report to the Eskimo Walrus Commission and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management for contract (2012) (May 10, 2017), available at https:// www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/research/programs/marinemammals/pdfs/2012_ traditional_knowledge_pt_lay_and_wainwright.pdf.
Huntington H. et al. Traditional Knowledge Regarding Walrus, Ringed Seals, and Bearded Seals near Barrow, Alaska, Final report to the Eskimo Walrus Commission, the Ice Seal Committee, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management for contract (2015) (May 10, 2017), available at https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/research/ programs/marinemammals/pdfs/2015_traditional_knowledge_barrow.pdf.
Magerum R.D. Beyond Consensus: Improving Collaborative Planning and Management (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011).
Oakley K.L. et al. Changing Arctic Ecosystems: Polar Bear and Walrus Response to the Rapid Decline in Arctic Sea Ice, 2012-3131 USGS Fact Sheet (2012) (May 10, 2017), also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3131/.
Pungowiyi P. Avoiding Haul-Out Disturbance on St. Lawrence Island in A Workshop on Assessing Pacific Walrus Population Attributes from Coastal Haulouts, National Park Service Headquarters Anchorage, Alaska, March 19–22, 2012 (February 2013) (May 10, 2017), available at http://www.pacificenvironment.org/wp-content/ uploads/2017/02/walrus-mgmt-report_final_gl.pdf.
Ristroph E.B. Loosening Lips to Avoid Sinking Ships: Designing aShip Communications System for the Bering Strait Region, 24(3) Indiana International & Comparative Law Review (2014).
Robards M. & Joly J.L. Interpretation of “Wasteful Manner” Within the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Its Role in Management of the Pacific Walrus, 13 Ocean and Coastal Law Journal (2008).
Udevitz M.S. et al. Potential Population-Level Effects of Increased Haulout-Related Mortality of Pacific Walrus Calves, 36(2) Polar Biology (2013).
Van Dyke J.M. & Broder S.P. Particular Sensitive Sea Areas; Protecting the Marine Environment in the Territorial Seas and Exclusive Economic Zones, 40 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy (2011).
Van Hemert C.R. et al. Forecasting Wildlife Response to Rapid Warming in the Alaskan Arctic, 65(7) BioScience (2015).
Westley F. Governing Design: The Management of Social Systems and Ecosystems Management in Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems (L.H. Gunderson & C.S. Holling (eds.), Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1995).
https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/97
doi:10.21684/2412-2343-2017-4-2-6-39
op_rights Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Авторы, публикующие в данном журнале, соглашаются со следующим:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права на работу и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution License, которая позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы сохраняют право заключать отдельные контрактные договорённости, касающиеся не-эксклюзивного распространения версии работы в опубликованном здесь виде (например, размещение ее в институтском хранилище, публикацию в книге), со ссылкой на ее оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы имеют право размещать их работу в сети Интернет (например в институтском хранилище или персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу (См. The Effect of Open Access).
op_rightsnorm CC-BY
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container_title BRICS Law Journal
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spelling ftjbricslj:oai:oai.bricslawjournal.elpub.ru:article/97 2023-05-15T14:27:37+02:00 PACIFIC WALRUS PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE E. Ristroph 2017-07-03 application/pdf https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/97 https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2017-4-2-6-39 eng eng Publishing House V.Ема https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/97/77 Bourne J.K., Jr. In the Empty Arctic, How to Get the Job Done? With ADrone, National Geographic, April 14, 2016 (May 10, 2017), available at http://news.nationalgeographic. com/2016/04/160414-Arctic-drones-wildlife-fire-oil-spill-environment/. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability: Summaries, Frequently Asked Questions, and Cross-Chapter Boxes, A Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (C.B. Field et al. (eds.), Geneva: World Meteorological Organization, 2014). Crawford J. et al. Results from Village-Based Walrus Studies in Alaska, 2011, Alaska Marine Science Symposium, January 16–20, 2012, Anchorage, AK (May 10, 2017), available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290437169_Results_from_villagebased_walrus_studies_in_Alaska_2011. Crawford J. et al. Results from Village-Based Walrus Studies in Alaska, 2012, Alaska Marine Science Symposium, January 21–25, 2013, Anchorage, AK (May 10, 2017), available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290437175_Results_from_villagebased_walrus_studies_in_Alaska_2012. Higdon J.W. et al. Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca) in the Canadian Arctic: Distribution, Prey Items, Group Sizes, and Seasonality, 28(2) Marine Mammal Science (2012). Huntington H. et al. Traditional Knowledge Regarding Walrus near Point Lay and Wainwright, Alaska, Final report to the Eskimo Walrus Commission and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management for contract (2012) (May 10, 2017), available at https:// www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/research/programs/marinemammals/pdfs/2012_ traditional_knowledge_pt_lay_and_wainwright.pdf. Huntington H. et al. Traditional Knowledge Regarding Walrus, Ringed Seals, and Bearded Seals near Barrow, Alaska, Final report to the Eskimo Walrus Commission, the Ice Seal Committee, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management for contract (2015) (May 10, 2017), available at https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/research/ programs/marinemammals/pdfs/2015_traditional_knowledge_barrow.pdf. Magerum R.D. Beyond Consensus: Improving Collaborative Planning and Management (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011). Oakley K.L. et al. Changing Arctic Ecosystems: Polar Bear and Walrus Response to the Rapid Decline in Arctic Sea Ice, 2012-3131 USGS Fact Sheet (2012) (May 10, 2017), also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3131/. Pungowiyi P. Avoiding Haul-Out Disturbance on St. Lawrence Island in A Workshop on Assessing Pacific Walrus Population Attributes from Coastal Haulouts, National Park Service Headquarters Anchorage, Alaska, March 19–22, 2012 (February 2013) (May 10, 2017), available at http://www.pacificenvironment.org/wp-content/ uploads/2017/02/walrus-mgmt-report_final_gl.pdf. Ristroph E.B. Loosening Lips to Avoid Sinking Ships: Designing aShip Communications System for the Bering Strait Region, 24(3) Indiana International & Comparative Law Review (2014). Robards M. & Joly J.L. Interpretation of “Wasteful Manner” Within the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Its Role in Management of the Pacific Walrus, 13 Ocean and Coastal Law Journal (2008). Udevitz M.S. et al. Potential Population-Level Effects of Increased Haulout-Related Mortality of Pacific Walrus Calves, 36(2) Polar Biology (2013). Van Dyke J.M. & Broder S.P. Particular Sensitive Sea Areas; Protecting the Marine Environment in the Territorial Seas and Exclusive Economic Zones, 40 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy (2011). Van Hemert C.R. et al. Forecasting Wildlife Response to Rapid Warming in the Alaskan Arctic, 65(7) BioScience (2015). Westley F. Governing Design: The Management of Social Systems and Ecosystems Management in Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems (L.H. Gunderson & C.S. Holling (eds.), Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1995). https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/97 doi:10.21684/2412-2343-2017-4-2-6-39 Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Авторы, публикующие в данном журнале, соглашаются со следующим:Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права на работу и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution License, которая позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы сохраняют право заключать отдельные контрактные договорённости, касающиеся не-эксклюзивного распространения версии работы в опубликованном здесь виде (например, размещение ее в институтском хранилище, публикацию в книге), со ссылкой на ее оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы имеют право размещать их работу в сети Интернет (например в институтском хранилище или персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу (См. The Effect of Open Access). CC-BY BRICS Law Journal; Vol 4, No 2 (2017); 6-39 Юридический журнал БРИКС; Vol 4, No 2 (2017); 6-39 2412-2343 2409-9058 10.21684/2412-2343-2017-4-2 International law climate changing Alaska Chukotka info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2017 ftjbricslj https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2017-4-2-6-39 https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2017-4-2 2020-12-25T08:59:44Z This article identifies and evaluates strategies and policies for walrus management in both Chukotka and Alaska. As the climate and walrus migration continue to change, it is important to follow adaptable strategies that are not fixed to specific geographic areas. Many of the recommendations may be easier to accomplish in the United States, which offers more opportunities for co-management and stakeholder involvement. The United States government can implement most recommendations without making substantive changes to law. This was significant to most participants – hunters as well as regulators – who supported voluntary approaches over those requiring legal changes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Chukotka Polar Biology Alaska walrus* BRICS Law Journal Pacific BRICS Law Journal 4 2 6 39

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