Okunev Culture and the Dene-Caucasian Macrofamily
The article discusses the linguistic affi liation of the Okunev people. Arguments are cited favoring the idea that they spoke a Dene-Caucasian language belonging to the Yeniseian branch. This is indirectly evidenced by genetic and cultural ties between Okunev ancestors and Native Americans, by paral...
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IAET SB RAS
2023
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| Online Access: | https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1694 https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.066-073 |
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ftjarchaeology:oai:oai.nsc.elpub.ru:article/1694 |
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Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia |
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ftjarchaeology |
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English |
| topic |
Burushaski Bronze Age Okunev culture Dene-Caucasian languages Yeniseian languages |
| spellingShingle |
Burushaski Bronze Age Okunev culture Dene-Caucasian languages Yeniseian languages A. G. Kozintsev Okunev Culture and the Dene-Caucasian Macrofamily |
| topic_facet |
Burushaski Bronze Age Okunev culture Dene-Caucasian languages Yeniseian languages |
| description |
The article discusses the linguistic affi liation of the Okunev people. Arguments are cited favoring the idea that they spoke a Dene-Caucasian language belonging to the Yeniseian branch. This is indirectly evidenced by genetic and cultural ties between Okunev ancestors and Native Americans, by parallels to Okunev art in prehistoric China and on the northwestern coast of North America, and by Okunev type petroglyphs in northern Kashmir, where, in addition, a linguistic isolate is preserved—Burushaski, a language related to Yeniseian. Being a relict population, which remained in the place from where the Dene-Caucasian speaking tribes had migrated in various directions, Okunevans may have been ancestors of Yeniseians (another contender is the Karasuk population, whose ties with Okunevans remain to be established), as well as collateral relatives of Na-Dene, Sino-Tibetans, and other Dene- Caucasians. Alternative proposals, such as a Uralic, specifi cally Samoyed affi liation of the Okunev language, are less probable for several reasons. The idea that this language was Indo-Iranian, which almost necessarily follows from the hypothesis that the key role in Okunev origins was played by Yamnaya-Catacomb tribes, is quite unlikely. This idea is much more plausible with regard to Chaa-Khol people of Tuva, who display marked cranial affi nities with a number of Yamnaya and Catacomb groups and with Scythians of the Pontic steppes. Okunevans proper show no such affi nities. |
| format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| author |
A. G. Kozintsev |
| author_facet |
A. G. Kozintsev |
| author_sort |
A. G. Kozintsev |
| title |
Okunev Culture and the Dene-Caucasian Macrofamily |
| title_short |
Okunev Culture and the Dene-Caucasian Macrofamily |
| title_full |
Okunev Culture and the Dene-Caucasian Macrofamily |
| title_fullStr |
Okunev Culture and the Dene-Caucasian Macrofamily |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Okunev Culture and the Dene-Caucasian Macrofamily |
| title_sort |
okunev culture and the dene-caucasian macrofamily |
| publisher |
IAET SB RAS |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| url |
https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1694 https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.066-073 |
| genre |
samoyed* |
| genre_facet |
samoyed* |
| op_source |
Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia; Vol 51, No 2 (2023); 66-73 Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии; Vol 51, No 2 (2023); 66-73 1563-0110 |
| op_relation |
https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1694/915 Allentoft M.E., Sikora M., Sjögren K.-G., Rasmussen M., Stenderup J., Damgaard P.B., Schroeder H., Ahlström T., Vinner L., Malaspinas A.-S., Margaryan A., Higham T., Chivall D., Lynnerup N., Harvig L., Baron J., Della Casa P., Dąbrowski P., Duffy P.R., Ebel A.V., Epimakhov A., Frei K., Furmanek M., Gralak T., Gromov A., Gronkiewicz S., Grupe G., Hajdu T., Jarycz R., Khartanovich V., Khokhlov A., Kiss V., Kolář J., Kriiska A., Lasak I., Longhi C., McGlynn G., Merkevicius A., Merkyte I., Metspalu M., Mkrtchyan R., Moiseyev V., Paja L., Pálfi G., Pokutta D., Pospieszny L., Price T.D., Saag L., Sablin M., Shishlina N., Smrčka V., Soenov V., Szeverényi V., Tóth G., Trifanova S.V., Varul L., Vicze M., Yepiskoposyan L., Zhitenev V., Orlando L., Sicheritz-Pontén T., Brunak S., Nielsen R., Kristiansen K., Willerslev E. 2015 Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, vol. 522 (7555): 167–172. 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ftjarchaeology:oai:oai.nsc.elpub.ru:article/1694 2024-09-15T18:33:53+00:00 Okunev Culture and the Dene-Caucasian Macrofamily A. G. Kozintsev 2023-07-13 application/pdf https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1694 https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.066-073 eng eng IAET SB RAS https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1694/915 Allentoft M.E., Sikora M., Sjögren K.-G., Rasmussen M., Stenderup J., Damgaard P.B., Schroeder H., Ahlström T., Vinner L., Malaspinas A.-S., Margaryan A., Higham T., Chivall D., Lynnerup N., Harvig L., Baron J., Della Casa P., Dąbrowski P., Duffy P.R., Ebel A.V., Epimakhov A., Frei K., Furmanek M., Gralak T., Gromov A., Gronkiewicz S., Grupe G., Hajdu T., Jarycz R., Khartanovich V., Khokhlov A., Kiss V., Kolář J., Kriiska A., Lasak I., Longhi C., McGlynn G., Merkevicius A., Merkyte I., Metspalu M., Mkrtchyan R., Moiseyev V., Paja L., Pálfi G., Pokutta D., Pospieszny L., Price T.D., Saag L., Sablin M., Shishlina N., Smrčka V., Soenov V., Szeverényi V., Tóth G., Trifanova S.V., Varul L., Vicze M., Yepiskoposyan L., Zhitenev V., Orlando L., Sicheritz-Pontén T., Brunak S., Nielsen R., Kristiansen K., Willerslev E. 2015 Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, vol. 522 (7555): 167–172. Balanovsky O.P. 2015 Genofond Evropy. Moscow: Tovarishchestvo nauch. izd. KMK. Bengtson J.D. 2017 Basque and its Closest Relatives: A New Paradigm. Cambridge, MA: Mother Tongue Press. Blažek V. 2017 Yenisseian homeland and migrations. Man in India, vol. 97 (1): 69–94. Bruneau L., Bellezza J.V. 2013 The rock art of Upper Tibet and Ladakh: Inner Asian cultural adaptation, regional differentiation and the Western Tibetan Plateau style. Revue des Études Tibétaines, t. 28: 5–161. Chesnov Y.V. 1977 Zemledelcheskiye kultury kak etnogeneticheskiy istochnik. In Rannyaya etnicheskaya istoriya narodov Vostochnoi Azii. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 109–136. Chintalapati M., Patterson N., Moorjani P. 2022 Reconstructing the spatiotemporal patterns of admixture during the European Holocene using a novel genomic dating method. eLife, 11:e77625. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/ eLife.77625 Chlenova N.L. 1969 Sootnosheniye kultur karasukskogo tipa i ketskikh toponimov na territorii Sibiri. In Proiskhozhdeniye aborigenov Sibiri i ikh yazykov. Tomsk: Izd. Tomsk. Gos. Univ., pp. 143–146. Cui Y.Q., Gao S.Z., Xie C.Z., Zhang Q.C., Wang H.J., Zhu H., Zhou H. 2009 Analysis of the matrilineal genetic structure of population in the Early Iron Age from Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, vol. 54 (2): 3916–3923. URL: https://link. springer.com/article/10.1007/s11434-009-0647-8 Devlet M.A. 1997 Okunevskiye antropomorfnye lichiny v ryadu naskalnykh izobrazheniy Severnoi i Tsentralnoi Azii. In Okunevskiy sbornik: Kultura. Iskusstvo. Antropologiya. St. Petersburg: Petro-RIF, pp. 240–250. Dolgopolsky A.B. 2013 Indoevropeiskiy slovar s nostraticheskimi etimologiyami, vol. 1. Moscow: Rukopisnye pamyatniki Drevnei Rusi. Driem G., van. 2001 Languages of the Himalayas, vol. 1. Leiden et al.: Brill. Flegontov P., Changmai P., Zidkova A., Logacheva M.D., Altinisik N.E., Flegontova O., Gelfand M.S., Gerasimov E.S., Khrameeva E.E., Konovalova O.P., Neretina T., Nikolsky Y.V., Starostin G., Stepanova V.V., Travinsky I.V., Tříska M., Tříska P., Tatarinova T.V. 2016 Genomic study of the Ket: A Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant Ancient North Eurasian ancestry. Scientifi c Reports, No. 6, Art. 20768. – URL: https://www. nature.com/srep20768 Francfort H.-P. 1991 Note on some Bronze Age petroglyphs of Upper Indus and Central Asia. Pakistan Archaeology, vol. 26 (1): 125–135. 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Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia; Vol 51, No 2 (2023); 66-73 Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии; Vol 51, No 2 (2023); 66-73 1563-0110 Burushaski Bronze Age Okunev culture Dene-Caucasian languages Yeniseian languages info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2023 ftjarchaeology https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.066-073 2024-07-11T03:04:13Z The article discusses the linguistic affi liation of the Okunev people. Arguments are cited favoring the idea that they spoke a Dene-Caucasian language belonging to the Yeniseian branch. This is indirectly evidenced by genetic and cultural ties between Okunev ancestors and Native Americans, by parallels to Okunev art in prehistoric China and on the northwestern coast of North America, and by Okunev type petroglyphs in northern Kashmir, where, in addition, a linguistic isolate is preserved—Burushaski, a language related to Yeniseian. Being a relict population, which remained in the place from where the Dene-Caucasian speaking tribes had migrated in various directions, Okunevans may have been ancestors of Yeniseians (another contender is the Karasuk population, whose ties with Okunevans remain to be established), as well as collateral relatives of Na-Dene, Sino-Tibetans, and other Dene- Caucasians. Alternative proposals, such as a Uralic, specifi cally Samoyed affi liation of the Okunev language, are less probable for several reasons. The idea that this language was Indo-Iranian, which almost necessarily follows from the hypothesis that the key role in Okunev origins was played by Yamnaya-Catacomb tribes, is quite unlikely. This idea is much more plausible with regard to Chaa-Khol people of Tuva, who display marked cranial affi nities with a number of Yamnaya and Catacomb groups and with Scythians of the Pontic steppes. Okunevans proper show no such affi nities. Article in Journal/Newspaper samoyed* Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 51 2 66 73 |