The Kushevat Site and the Paleogeographic Context of the Initial Peopling of Northern Urals

On the basis of new materials excavated in 2019–2021 from the Upper Paleolithic site of Kushevat, this study addresses the problem of initial human occupation of the Subpolar Urals. Geological and geomorphological fi ndings are presented along with new chronological and paleogeographical data. Archa...

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Main Authors: I. D. Zolnikov, A. A. Anoikin, R. N. Kurbanov, E. A. Filatov, L. V. Zotkina, A. V. Vybornov, A. V. Postnov, E. V. Parkhomchuk, M. O. Filatova
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: IAET SB RAS 2023
Subjects:
traceology
Upper Paleolithic
Terminal Late Pleistocene
paleontology
paleogeography
Kama
Arctic
Pechora
Online Access:https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1690
https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.027-037
id ftjarchaeology:oai:oai.nsc.elpub.ru:article/1690
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia (E-Journal)
op_collection_id ftjarchaeology
language English
topic traceology
Upper Paleolithic
Terminal Late Pleistocene
paleontology
paleogeography
spellingShingle traceology
Upper Paleolithic
Terminal Late Pleistocene
paleontology
paleogeography
I. D. Zolnikov
A. A. Anoikin
R. N. Kurbanov
E. A. Filatov
L. V. Zotkina
A. V. Vybornov
A. V. Postnov
E. V. Parkhomchuk
M. O. Filatova
The Kushevat Site and the Paleogeographic Context of the Initial Peopling of Northern Urals
topic_facet traceology
Upper Paleolithic
Terminal Late Pleistocene
paleontology
paleogeography
description On the basis of new materials excavated in 2019–2021 from the Upper Paleolithic site of Kushevat, this study addresses the problem of initial human occupation of the Subpolar Urals. Geological and geomorphological fi ndings are presented along with new chronological and paleogeographical data. Archaeological and faunal materials are described, and result s of the traceological analysis of reindeer antlers with cut and chop marks are presented. The fi ndings suggest that Kushevat was a pioneer settlement of the northern Ob region. The obtained luminescence and radiocarbon ages suggest that the peopling of the Lower Ob region occurred prior to 30 ka BP. Climatic conditions during the fi rst half of the Upper Paleolithic (55–25 ka BP) were favorable for humans in the subpolar zone. Geological and geomorphological situation at the Upper Paleolithic sites of northwestern Urals (the Pechora and Kama basins) can be used as a paleogeographic analogue of the conditions in the Lower Ob region during the Pleistocene. The principal Upper Paleolithic sites in the region are associated with accumulations of megafaunal remains in the mouths of ancient gullies. Archaeological sites apparently consisted of two areas differing in location, economic specialization, and toolkit. Areas of the fi rst type include residential zones on leveled areas of the second river terraces adjacent to the ravines. Those of the second type are estuarine zones of modern valleys of streams and rivers, where huge accumulations of megafaunal remains are preserved at the bottoms of ancient ravines.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author I. D. Zolnikov
A. A. Anoikin
R. N. Kurbanov
E. A. Filatov
L. V. Zotkina
A. V. Vybornov
A. V. Postnov
E. V. Parkhomchuk
M. O. Filatova
author_facet I. D. Zolnikov
A. A. Anoikin
R. N. Kurbanov
E. A. Filatov
L. V. Zotkina
A. V. Vybornov
A. V. Postnov
E. V. Parkhomchuk
M. O. Filatova
author_sort I. D. Zolnikov
title The Kushevat Site and the Paleogeographic Context of the Initial Peopling of Northern Urals
title_short The Kushevat Site and the Paleogeographic Context of the Initial Peopling of Northern Urals
title_full The Kushevat Site and the Paleogeographic Context of the Initial Peopling of Northern Urals
title_fullStr The Kushevat Site and the Paleogeographic Context of the Initial Peopling of Northern Urals
title_full_unstemmed The Kushevat Site and the Paleogeographic Context of the Initial Peopling of Northern Urals
title_sort kushevat site and the paleogeographic context of the initial peopling of northern urals
publisher IAET SB RAS
publishDate 2023
url https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1690
https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.027-037
long_lat ENVELOPE(162.251,162.251,57.375,57.375)
geographic Kama
geographic_facet Kama
genre Arctic
Pechora
genre_facet Arctic
Pechora
op_source Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia; Vol 51, No 2 (2023); 27-37
Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии; Vol 51, No 2 (2023); 27-37
1563-0110
op_relation https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1690/911
Astakhov V.I. 2020 Chetvertichnaya geologiya sushi: Uchebnoye posobiye. St. Petersburg: Izd. SPb. Gos. Univ.
Benkova V.E., Schweingruber F.H. 2004 Anatomy of Russian Woods. Bern: Haupt. (In English and Russian).
Derevianko A.P., Molodin V.I., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Mashchenko E.N. 2003 Pozdnepaleoliticheskoye mestonakhozhdeniye Shestakovo. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN.
Kosinskaya L.L., Fedorova N.V. 1994 Arkheologicheskaya karta Yamalo-Nenetskogo avtonomnogo okruga. Yekaterinburg: UrO RAN.
Lavrushin Y.A., Bessudnov A.N., Spiridonova E.A., Kuralenko N.P., Nedumov R.I., Kholmovoi G.V. 2015 Paleozoologicheskiye katastrofy v pozdnem paleolite tsentra Vostochnoy Yevropy (osnovy sedimentologopaleozoologicheskoy kontseptsii vozniknoveniya kladbishch mamontov). Moscow: GEOS.
Leshchinskiy S.V., Zenin V.N., Bukharova O.V. 2021 The Volchia Griva mammoth site as a key area for geoarchaeological research of human movements in the Late Paleolithic of the West Siberian Plain. Quaternary International, vol. 587/588: 368–383.
Makarov S.S., Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Rezvyi A.S., Postnov A.V., Vybornov A.V. 2021 Osvoyeniye Nizhnego Priobya v pozdnem pleistotsene po arkheologicheskim dannym. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, filologiya, vol. 20. No. 5: Arkheologiya i etnografi ya: 43–54.
Makarov S.S., Zolnikov I.D., Rezvyi A.S., Anoikin A.A., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Vasiliev A.V. 2022 Komudvany—a Final Paleolithic Site in the Lower Ob Valley: Geomorphology, Paleontology, Archaeology. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 50 (1): 29–38.
Mazza P.P.A., Stefaniak K., Capalbo C., Cyrek K., Czyzewski Ł., Kotowski A., Orłowska J., Marciszak A., Ratajczak-Skrzatek U., Savorelli A., Sudoł-Procyk M. 2022 Taphonomic analysis of the MIS 4–3 (Late Pleistocene) faunal assemblage of Biśnik Cave, Southern Poland: Signs of a human-generated depot of naturally shed cervid antlers? Quaternary International, vol. 633: 52–79. URL: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.10.008.
Muscheler R., Adolphi F., Heaton T.J., Ramsey C.B., Svensson A., Plicht J., van der, Reimer P.J. 2020 Testing and improving the IntCal20 calibration curve with independent records. Radiocarbon, vol. 62 (4): 1079–1094.
Nikolsky P.A., Pitulko V.V. 2015 Vremennaya dinamika chislennosti bizonov Zapadnoy Beringii v pozdnem pleistotsene i nachale golotsena. In Fundamentalniye problemy kvartera, itogi izucheniya i osnovniye napravlenyia dalneishikh issledovaniy. Irkutsk: Inst. geografi i SO RAN, pp. 335–336.
Pavlov P.Y. 2009 Stoyanka Zaozerye – pamyatnik nachalnoy pory verkhnego paleolita na severo-vostoke Yevropy. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya, No. 1: 5–17.
Pavlov P.Y. 2011 Stoyanka Garchi I – pamyatnik kostenkovsko-streletskoy kultury na Verkhney Kame (Severniy Ural). Arkheologicheskiye vesti, iss. 16: 19–28.
Pavlov P.Y. 2015 O pervonachalnom zaselenii severa Urala. Uralskiy istoricheskiy vestnik, No. 2: 50–60. Pervonachalnoye zaseleniye Arktiki chelovekom v usloviyakh menyayushcheisya prirodnoy sredy: Atlas-monografi ya. 2014 Moscow: GEOS.
Svendsen J.I., Pavlov P. 2003 Mamontovaya Kurya: An enigmatic, nearly 40 000 years old Paleolithic site in the Russian Arctic. In The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transtional Technocomplexes, J. Zilhão, F. d’Errico (eds.). Lisboa: UISPP, pp. 109–120.
Tapia J., Alvarez-Fernandez E., Cueto M., Portero R., Becares J., Jorda-Pardo J.F. 2018 Bone industry of the Lower Magdalenian in Cantabrian Spain: The square-section antler points of El Cierro Cave. Quaternary International, vol. 472: 13–22.
Volkov P.V., Vasiliev S.K. 2017 Nakhodki ostatkov megafauny so sledami vozdeistviya paleoliticheskogo cheloveka na yugo-vostoke Zapadno- Sibirskoy ravniny. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, filologiya, vol. 16. No. 7: Arkheologiya i etnografi ya: 66–73.
Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Zolotarev K.V., Grootes P.M., Nadeau M.-J. 2006 Lugovskoe: Geoarchaeology and culture of a Paleolithic site. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, No. 1: 41–53.
Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Filatov E.A., Vybornov A.V., Vasiliev A.V., Postnov A.V., Zotkina L.V. 2021 New evidence of the Late Neopleistocene peopling of the Lower Ob Valley. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 49 (1): 9–20.
Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Makarov S.S., Postnov A.V., Rezvyi A.S., Glushkova N.V., Bychkov D.A., Tupakhin D.S., Vybornov A.V. 2020 O vozmozhnykh putyakh migratsii cheloveka na territoriyu Nizhnego Priobya v kamennom veke. Stratum Plus, No. 1: 137–146.
Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Rendu W., Filatov E.A., Makarov S.S., Rezvyi A.S., Postnov A.V., Brusnitsyna A.G., Vasiliev A.V., Vybornov A.V., Arzhannikov M.A., Zotkina L.V. 2021 Chelovek i mamontovaya fauna na severe Obi v pozdnem neopleistotsene. Stratum plus, No. 1: 39–56.
https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1690
doi:10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.027-037
op_rights Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
op_doi https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.027-037
_version_ 1772810728459206656
spelling ftjarchaeology:oai:oai.nsc.elpub.ru:article/1690 2023-07-30T04:00:08+02:00 The Kushevat Site and the Paleogeographic Context of the Initial Peopling of Northern Urals I. D. Zolnikov A. A. Anoikin R. N. Kurbanov E. A. Filatov L. V. Zotkina A. V. Vybornov A. V. Postnov E. V. Parkhomchuk M. O. Filatova 2023-07-13 application/pdf https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1690 https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.027-037 eng eng IAET SB RAS https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1690/911 Astakhov V.I. 2020 Chetvertichnaya geologiya sushi: Uchebnoye posobiye. St. Petersburg: Izd. SPb. Gos. Univ. Benkova V.E., Schweingruber F.H. 2004 Anatomy of Russian Woods. Bern: Haupt. (In English and Russian). Derevianko A.P., Molodin V.I., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Mashchenko E.N. 2003 Pozdnepaleoliticheskoye mestonakhozhdeniye Shestakovo. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN. Kosinskaya L.L., Fedorova N.V. 1994 Arkheologicheskaya karta Yamalo-Nenetskogo avtonomnogo okruga. Yekaterinburg: UrO RAN. Lavrushin Y.A., Bessudnov A.N., Spiridonova E.A., Kuralenko N.P., Nedumov R.I., Kholmovoi G.V. 2015 Paleozoologicheskiye katastrofy v pozdnem paleolite tsentra Vostochnoy Yevropy (osnovy sedimentologopaleozoologicheskoy kontseptsii vozniknoveniya kladbishch mamontov). Moscow: GEOS. Leshchinskiy S.V., Zenin V.N., Bukharova O.V. 2021 The Volchia Griva mammoth site as a key area for geoarchaeological research of human movements in the Late Paleolithic of the West Siberian Plain. Quaternary International, vol. 587/588: 368–383. Makarov S.S., Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Rezvyi A.S., Postnov A.V., Vybornov A.V. 2021 Osvoyeniye Nizhnego Priobya v pozdnem pleistotsene po arkheologicheskim dannym. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, filologiya, vol. 20. No. 5: Arkheologiya i etnografi ya: 43–54. Makarov S.S., Zolnikov I.D., Rezvyi A.S., Anoikin A.A., Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Vasiliev A.V. 2022 Komudvany—a Final Paleolithic Site in the Lower Ob Valley: Geomorphology, Paleontology, Archaeology. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 50 (1): 29–38. Mazza P.P.A., Stefaniak K., Capalbo C., Cyrek K., Czyzewski Ł., Kotowski A., Orłowska J., Marciszak A., Ratajczak-Skrzatek U., Savorelli A., Sudoł-Procyk M. 2022 Taphonomic analysis of the MIS 4–3 (Late Pleistocene) faunal assemblage of Biśnik Cave, Southern Poland: Signs of a human-generated depot of naturally shed cervid antlers? Quaternary International, vol. 633: 52–79. URL: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.10.008. Muscheler R., Adolphi F., Heaton T.J., Ramsey C.B., Svensson A., Plicht J., van der, Reimer P.J. 2020 Testing and improving the IntCal20 calibration curve with independent records. Radiocarbon, vol. 62 (4): 1079–1094. Nikolsky P.A., Pitulko V.V. 2015 Vremennaya dinamika chislennosti bizonov Zapadnoy Beringii v pozdnem pleistotsene i nachale golotsena. In Fundamentalniye problemy kvartera, itogi izucheniya i osnovniye napravlenyia dalneishikh issledovaniy. Irkutsk: Inst. geografi i SO RAN, pp. 335–336. Pavlov P.Y. 2009 Stoyanka Zaozerye – pamyatnik nachalnoy pory verkhnego paleolita na severo-vostoke Yevropy. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya, No. 1: 5–17. Pavlov P.Y. 2011 Stoyanka Garchi I – pamyatnik kostenkovsko-streletskoy kultury na Verkhney Kame (Severniy Ural). Arkheologicheskiye vesti, iss. 16: 19–28. Pavlov P.Y. 2015 O pervonachalnom zaselenii severa Urala. Uralskiy istoricheskiy vestnik, No. 2: 50–60. Pervonachalnoye zaseleniye Arktiki chelovekom v usloviyakh menyayushcheisya prirodnoy sredy: Atlas-monografi ya. 2014 Moscow: GEOS. Svendsen J.I., Pavlov P. 2003 Mamontovaya Kurya: An enigmatic, nearly 40 000 years old Paleolithic site in the Russian Arctic. In The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transtional Technocomplexes, J. Zilhão, F. d’Errico (eds.). Lisboa: UISPP, pp. 109–120. Tapia J., Alvarez-Fernandez E., Cueto M., Portero R., Becares J., Jorda-Pardo J.F. 2018 Bone industry of the Lower Magdalenian in Cantabrian Spain: The square-section antler points of El Cierro Cave. Quaternary International, vol. 472: 13–22. Volkov P.V., Vasiliev S.K. 2017 Nakhodki ostatkov megafauny so sledami vozdeistviya paleoliticheskogo cheloveka na yugo-vostoke Zapadno- Sibirskoy ravniny. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya, filologiya, vol. 16. No. 7: Arkheologiya i etnografi ya: 66–73. Zenin V.N., Leshchinskiy S.V., Zolotarev K.V., Grootes P.M., Nadeau M.-J. 2006 Lugovskoe: Geoarchaeology and culture of a Paleolithic site. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, No. 1: 41–53. Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Filatov E.A., Vybornov A.V., Vasiliev A.V., Postnov A.V., Zotkina L.V. 2021 New evidence of the Late Neopleistocene peopling of the Lower Ob Valley. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, vol. 49 (1): 9–20. Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Makarov S.S., Postnov A.V., Rezvyi A.S., Glushkova N.V., Bychkov D.A., Tupakhin D.S., Vybornov A.V. 2020 O vozmozhnykh putyakh migratsii cheloveka na territoriyu Nizhnego Priobya v kamennom veke. Stratum Plus, No. 1: 137–146. Zolnikov I.D., Anoikin A.A., Rendu W., Filatov E.A., Makarov S.S., Rezvyi A.S., Postnov A.V., Brusnitsyna A.G., Vasiliev A.V., Vybornov A.V., Arzhannikov M.A., Zotkina L.V. 2021 Chelovek i mamontovaya fauna na severe Obi v pozdnem neopleistotsene. Stratum plus, No. 1: 39–56. https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1690 doi:10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.027-037 Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia; Vol 51, No 2 (2023); 27-37 Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии; Vol 51, No 2 (2023); 27-37 1563-0110 traceology Upper Paleolithic Terminal Late Pleistocene paleontology paleogeography info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2023 ftjarchaeology https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.2.027-037 2023-07-18T17:00:22Z On the basis of new materials excavated in 2019–2021 from the Upper Paleolithic site of Kushevat, this study addresses the problem of initial human occupation of the Subpolar Urals. Geological and geomorphological fi ndings are presented along with new chronological and paleogeographical data. Archaeological and faunal materials are described, and result s of the traceological analysis of reindeer antlers with cut and chop marks are presented. The fi ndings suggest that Kushevat was a pioneer settlement of the northern Ob region. The obtained luminescence and radiocarbon ages suggest that the peopling of the Lower Ob region occurred prior to 30 ka BP. Climatic conditions during the fi rst half of the Upper Paleolithic (55–25 ka BP) were favorable for humans in the subpolar zone. Geological and geomorphological situation at the Upper Paleolithic sites of northwestern Urals (the Pechora and Kama basins) can be used as a paleogeographic analogue of the conditions in the Lower Ob region during the Pleistocene. The principal Upper Paleolithic sites in the region are associated with accumulations of megafaunal remains in the mouths of ancient gullies. Archaeological sites apparently consisted of two areas differing in location, economic specialization, and toolkit. Areas of the fi rst type include residential zones on leveled areas of the second river terraces adjacent to the ravines. Those of the second type are estuarine zones of modern valleys of streams and rivers, where huge accumulations of megafaunal remains are preserved at the bottoms of ancient ravines. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Pechora Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia (E-Journal) Kama ENVELOPE(162.251,162.251,57.375,57.375)

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