Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin

This study addresses Russian iron artifacts from the Narym Selkup cemetery Migalka, dating to the late 1600s to early 1700s. Two most important categories of tools are described—knives and axes. In terms of morphology, knives fall into two groups: straight-backed and those with convex (“humped”) bac...

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Published in:Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia
Main Authors: L. A. Chindina, N. M. Zinyakov
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: IAET SB RAS 2020
Subjects:
historical-cultural context
Migalka cemetery
late 17th–early 18th century
iron artifacts
technological analysis
tool types
Selkup
Siberia
Online Access:https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1023
https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.090-098
id ftjarchaeology:oai:oai.nsc.elpub.ru:article/1023
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia (E-Journal)
op_collection_id ftjarchaeology
language English
topic historical-cultural context
Migalka cemetery
late 17th–early 18th century
iron artifacts
technological analysis
tool types
spellingShingle historical-cultural context
Migalka cemetery
late 17th–early 18th century
iron artifacts
technological analysis
tool types
L. A. Chindina
N. M. Zinyakov
Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin
topic_facet historical-cultural context
Migalka cemetery
late 17th–early 18th century
iron artifacts
technological analysis
tool types
description This study addresses Russian iron artifacts from the Narym Selkup cemetery Migalka, dating to the late 1600s to early 1700s. Two most important categories of tools are described—knives and axes. In terms of morphology, knives fall into two groups: straight-backed and those with convex (“humped”) backs. The combination of a “humpbacked” blade, typical of native manufacture, and Russian hilt plates precludes an unambiguous ethnic attribution. Special attention is paid to knives with fi ligree-enamel hilt plates as markers of high socio-economic status. The garniture evidences northern Russian origin. The metallographic analysis of knives (22% of the sample) revealed two technological groups: made of solid steel and welded. Axes, made by Russian artisans, are of the shaft-hole type and fall into four types. The analysis, relating to 42% of the sample, indicates two techniques: welding of a steel blade onto an iron base or a piece of raw steel, and using irregularly carbonized metal for forging the entire axe. Ferrous metal items follow the Russian technological traditions. Three key factors accounted for the spread of Russian artifacts among the natives: “Tsar’s gift” for paying the yasak (tribute); colonization of Siberia followed by the emergence of trade manufacture; and the involvement of natives, specifi cally the Narym Selkups, in the all-Russian market. Our fi ndings attest to the relevance of iron artifacts from archaeological sites to the historical and cultural studies of the colonization period in western Siberia.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author L. A. Chindina
N. M. Zinyakov
author_facet L. A. Chindina
N. M. Zinyakov
author_sort L. A. Chindina
title Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin
title_short Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin
title_full Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin
title_fullStr Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin
title_full_unstemmed Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin
title_sort cultural and technological characteristics of russian forged iron tools from the selkup cemetery migalka in the middle ob basin
publisher IAET SB RAS
publishDate 2020
url https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1023
https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.090-098
genre Selkup
Siberia
genre_facet Selkup
Siberia
op_source Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia; Vol 48, No 3 (2020); 90-98
Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии; Vol 48, No 3 (2020); 90-98
1563-0110
op_relation https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1023/735
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https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1023
doi:10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.090-098
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spelling ftjarchaeology:oai:oai.nsc.elpub.ru:article/1023 2023-10-09T21:55:54+02:00 Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin L. A. Chindina N. M. Zinyakov 2020-10-04 application/pdf https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1023 https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.090-098 eng eng IAET SB RAS https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1023/735 Bakhrushin S.V. 1927 Yasak v Sibiri v XVII v. Novosibirsk: Sibkrayizdat. (Otdelniy ottisk iz zhurnala “Sibirskiye ogni”, No. 3 za 1927 g.). Barsukov E.V. 2010 Srednevekoviye metallurgi na r. Tagan. Trudy Tomskogo oblastnogo krayevedcheskogo muzeya im. M.B. Shatilova, vol. XVI: 13–24. Barsukov E.V. 2015 Temerchinskaya volost i temerchintsy v sostave Tomskogo uyezda XVII v. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya, No. 6 (38): 86–91. Berezovskaya N.V. 2010 Gruntoviy mogilnik Kolymukhta. Trudy Tomskogo oblastnogo krayevedcheskogo muzeya im. M.B. Shatilova, vol. XVI: 25–43. Bobrova A.I. 2007 Selkupy XVIII–XIX vv. (po materialam Tiskinskogo mogilnika). Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ. Bobrova A.I. 2016 Narymskoye Priobye v epokhu razvitogo i pozdnego srednevekovya (arkheologicheskiy ocherk po materialam pogrebalnykh pamyatnikov). In Narymskoye Priobye vo II tysyacheletii n.e. (X–XX vv.), A.I. Bobrova, M.P. Rykun, A.G. Tuchkova, I.V. Chernova. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Ped. Univ., pp. 7–117. Butsinsky P.N. 1999 Sochineniya. In 2 vols. Vol. 2: K istorii Sibiri: Mangazeya, Surgut, Narym i Ketsk (do 1645 g.). Tyumen: Izd. Y. Mandriki. Chernaya M.P. 2015 Voyevodskaya usadba v Tomske. 1660–1760-e gg.: Istorikoarkheologicheskaya rekonstruktsiya. Tomsk: D`Print. Chernaya M.P. 2016 Yevropeiskiy komponent v etnokulturnom dialoge sibirskogo soobshchestva: Arkheologo-istoricheskiy kontekst. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya, No. 4 (42): 46–52. Chindina L.A. 1975 O pogrebalnom obryade pozdnikh mogilnikov Narymskogo Priobya. In Iz istorii Sibiri, iss. 16. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 61–93. Chindina L.A. 1977 Mogilnik Relka na Sredney Obi. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ. Chindina L.A. 1986 Raboty Narymskoy ekspeditsii. In Arkheologicheskie otkrytia 1984 goda. Moscow: Nauka, p. 206. Chindina L.A. 1993 O selkupskikh mogilnikakh XVII v. In Problemy etnicheskoy istorii samodiyskikh narodov: Sbornik dokl. nauch. konf., pt. 1. Omsk: Om. Gos. Univ., pp. 74–77. Chindina L.A. 2001 Migalka, gruntovyi mogilnik. In Narody i kultury TomskoNarymskogo Priobya: Materialy k entsiklopedii Tomskoy oblasti. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 97–98. Chindina L.A. 2004 Pozdnesrednevekoviye mogilniki Srednego Priobya v XVII v.: Khronologicheskiy diskurs. In Shestiye istoricheskiye chteniya pamyati M.P. Gryaznova. Omsk: Izd. Om. Gos. Univ., pp. 284–290. Chindina L.A. 2013 Pegaya orda – Bolshogo Losya silniy narod. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya, No. 3 (23): 91–96. Dameshek L.M., Dameshek I.L. 1983 Yasachnaya politika tsarizma v Sibiri v XVIII–XX vv. Irkutsk: Izd. Irkut. Gos. Univ. Dulzon A.P. 1953 Pozdniye arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki Chulyma i problema proiskhozhdeniya chulymskikh tatar. Ucheniye zapiski Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta, vol. X: 127–334. Dulzon A.P. 1955 Ostyatskiye mogilniki XVI i XVII vekov u sela Molchanovo na Obi. Ucheniye zapiski Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta, vol. XIII: 97–154. Gorbunov V.V. 2006 Voyennoye delo naseleniya Altaya v III–XIV vv. Pt. II: Nastupatelnoye oruzhiye. Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ. Gryaznov M.P. 1956 Istoriya drevnikh plemen Verkhney Obi po raskopkam bliz sela Bolshaya Rechka. Moscow, Leningrad: Izd. AN SSSR. (MIA; No. 48). Kolchin B.A. 1953 Chernaya metallurgiya i metalloobrabotka v Drevney Rusi. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR. Konovalenko S.I., Asochakova E.M., Barsukov E.V., Zaitseva O.V. 2010 Veshchestvenniy sostav shlakov i rud zhelezodelatelnogo proizvodstva na territorii Shaitanskogo kompleksa srednevekovykh arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov v Priobye. In Mineralogiya tekhnogeneza – 2010. Miass: Inst. mineralogii UrO RAN, pp. 196–205. Levashova V.P. 1967 Topor. Nauka i zhizn, No. 5: 70–73. Maloletko A.M., Manankov A.V., Paskal Y.I., Pletneva L.M. 1983 Zhelezodelatelnoye proizvodstvo v nizovye Tomi v pozdnem srednevekoviy. In Drevniye gornyaki i metallurgi Sibiri. Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ., pp. 115–139. Merzon A.I., Tikhonov Y.A. 1960 Rynok Ustyuga Velikogo v period skladyvaniya vserossiyskogo rynka (XVII vek). Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR. Molodin V.I., Sobolev V.I., Soloviev A.I. 1990 Baraba v epokhu pozdnego srednevekovya. Novosibirsk: Izd. Inst. optiki atmosfery SO RAN. Mukhin V.V. 1996 Iskusstvo russkoy fi nifti kontsa XVI – nachala XX veka. St. Petersburg: Grifon. Nikitin N.I. 1983 Torgi i promysly sluzhilykh lyudey Zapadnoy Sibiri v XVII v. In Promyshlennost i torgovlya v Rossii v XVII–XVIII vv. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 7–21. Ozheredov Y.I. 1998 Noviye danniye o Kustovskom mogilnike. In Sistema zhizneobespecheniya traditsionnykh obshchestv v drevnosti i sovremennosti: Teoriya, metodologiya, praktika. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 206–210. Ozheredov Y.I. 2001 Barklai – kurganniy mogilnik. In Narody i kultury TomskoNarymskogo Priobya: Materialy k entsiklopedii Tomskoy oblasti. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 26–28. Paskal Y.I., Fedorishcheva M.V., Chindina L.A. 1983 Tekhnologiya zheleznykh toporov iz Srednego Priobya. In Drevniye gornyaki i metallurgi Sibiri. Barnaul: Izd. Alt. Gos. Univ., pp. 109–115. Pelikh G.I. 1981 Selkupy XVII v.: (Ocherki sotsialno-ekonomicheskoy istorii). Novosibirsk: Nauka. Pletneva L.M. 1990 Tomskoye Priobye v pozdnem srednevekovye (po arkheologicheskim istochnikam). Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ. Poshekhonova O.E., Kisagulov A.V., Gimranov D.O., Nekrasov A.E., Afonin A.S. 2018 Transformation of Upper Taz Selkup funeral rites according to paleoecological data. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, vol. 22: 132–141. Postnikova-Loseva M.M. 1959 Prikladnoye iskusstvo XVI–XVII vekov. In Istoriya russkogo iskusstva, vol. IV. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 511–610. Postnikova-Loseva M.M., Platonova N.G. 1959 Russkoye khudozhestvennoye serebro XV–XIX vv. Moscow: Sov. Rossiya. (Trudy GIM: Pamyatniki kultury; iss. XXVIII). Selkupy: Ocherki traditsionnoy kultury i selkupskogo yazyka. 2011 N.A. Tuchkova, S.V. Glushkova, E.Y. Kosheleva, A.V. Golovnev, A.V. Baidak, N.P. Maksimova. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Polytekh. Univ. Tataurov S.F., Tikhonov S.S. 1996 Mogilnik Bergamak II. In Etnografo-arkheologicheskiye kompleksy: Problemy kultury i sotsiuma (kultura tarskikh tatar). Novosibirsk: Nauka, pp. 58–83. Vilkov O.N. 1967 Remeslo i torgovlya Zapadnoy Sibiri v XVII v. Moscow: Nauka. Zavyalov V.I., Rozanova L.S., Terekhova N.N. 2007 Russkoye kuznechnoye remeslo v zolotoordynskiy period i v epokhu Moskovskogo gosudarstva. Moscow: Znak. Zinyakov N.M. 1997 Chernaya metallurgiya i kuznechnoye remeslo Zapadnoy Sibiri. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat. Zinyakov N.M. 2002 Metallografi cheskiye issledovaniya kuznechnoy produktsii v arkheologii Zapadnoy Sibiri. In Mezhdistsiplinarniye issledovaniya v arkheologii i etnografi i Zapadnoy Sibiri. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 123–147. Zinyakov N.M. 2005 Russkiye metallicheskiye izdeliya na sibirskom rynke XVII v.: Nomenklaturniy i kachestvenniy sostav. In Problemy istoriko-kulturnogo razvitiya drevnikh i traditsionnykh obshchestv Zapadnoy Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy. Tomsk: Izd. Tom. Gos. Univ., pp. 72–76. https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1023 doi:10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.090-098 Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia; Vol 48, No 3 (2020); 90-98 Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии; Vol 48, No 3 (2020); 90-98 1563-0110 historical-cultural context Migalka cemetery late 17th–early 18th century iron artifacts technological analysis tool types info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2020 ftjarchaeology https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.090-098 2023-09-10T20:01:12Z This study addresses Russian iron artifacts from the Narym Selkup cemetery Migalka, dating to the late 1600s to early 1700s. Two most important categories of tools are described—knives and axes. In terms of morphology, knives fall into two groups: straight-backed and those with convex (“humped”) backs. The combination of a “humpbacked” blade, typical of native manufacture, and Russian hilt plates precludes an unambiguous ethnic attribution. Special attention is paid to knives with fi ligree-enamel hilt plates as markers of high socio-economic status. The garniture evidences northern Russian origin. The metallographic analysis of knives (22% of the sample) revealed two technological groups: made of solid steel and welded. Axes, made by Russian artisans, are of the shaft-hole type and fall into four types. The analysis, relating to 42% of the sample, indicates two techniques: welding of a steel blade onto an iron base or a piece of raw steel, and using irregularly carbonized metal for forging the entire axe. Ferrous metal items follow the Russian technological traditions. Three key factors accounted for the spread of Russian artifacts among the natives: “Tsar’s gift” for paying the yasak (tribute); colonization of Siberia followed by the emergence of trade manufacture; and the involvement of natives, specifi cally the Narym Selkups, in the all-Russian market. Our fi ndings attest to the relevance of iron artifacts from archaeological sites to the historical and cultural studies of the colonization period in western Siberia. Article in Journal/Newspaper Selkup Siberia Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia (E-Journal) Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 48 3 90 98

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