Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish
Two of the major threats to coral reefs are increasing sea surface temperature and ocean acidification, both of which result from rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). Recent evidence suggests that both increased water temperature and elevated levels of dissolved CO₂ can change...
Published in: | Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |
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Online Access: | https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24671/1/Interactive_effects_of_elevated_temperature_and_co2_on_foraging_behavior_of_juvenile_coral_reef_fish.pdf |
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ftjamescook:oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:24671 2024-02-11T10:07:35+01:00 Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish Nowicki, Jessica P. Miller, Gabrielle M. Munday, Philip L. 2012 application/pdf https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24671/1/Interactive_effects_of_elevated_temperature_and_co2_on_foraging_behavior_of_juvenile_coral_reef_fish.pdf unknown Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.10.020 https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24671/ https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24671/1/Interactive_effects_of_elevated_temperature_and_co2_on_foraging_behavior_of_juvenile_coral_reef_fish.pdf Nowicki, Jessica P., Miller, Gabrielle M., and Munday, Philip L. (2012) Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 412. pp. 46-51. restricted Article PeerReviewed 2012 ftjamescook https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.10.020 2024-01-22T23:29:51Z Two of the major threats to coral reefs are increasing sea surface temperature and ocean acidification, both of which result from rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). Recent evidence suggests that both increased water temperature and elevated levels of dissolved CO₂ can change the behaviors of fishes in ways that reduce individual fitness, however the interacting effects of these variables are unknown. We used a fully factorial experiment to test the independent and interactive effects of temperature (3 levels: 28.5, 30, and 31.5 °C) and pCO₂ (3 levels: averaging 420, 530, and 960 μatm) on food consumption and activity level of juvenile anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus (Bleeker 1852). Experimental levels were consistent with current-day ocean conditions and predictions for mid-century and late-century based on atmospheric CO₂ projections. Sibling fish were reared for 21 days from the end of their larval phase in each of the nine treatments, at which time behavioral observations were conducted. Food consumption and foraging activity decreased at the highest temperature. In isolation, CO₂ level did not significantly affect behavior; however, there was an interaction with temperature. While rearing at high temperature (31.5 °C) and control (420 μatm) or moderate (530 μatm) CO₂ resulted in a reduction of food consumption and foraging activity, rearing at high temperature and high CO₂ (960 μatm) resulted in an elevation in these behaviors. Maintaining food consumption and foraging activity in high temperature and CO₂ conditions may reduce energy efficiency if the thermal optimum for food assimilation and growth has been exceeded. Maintaining foraging effort might increase predation vulnerability. These results suggest that changes in foraging behaviors caused by the interactive effects of increased SST and CO₂ could have significant effects on the growth and survival of juvenile reef fishes by late century. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification James Cook University, Australia: ResearchOnline@JCU Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 412 46 51 |
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James Cook University, Australia: ResearchOnline@JCU |
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Two of the major threats to coral reefs are increasing sea surface temperature and ocean acidification, both of which result from rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). Recent evidence suggests that both increased water temperature and elevated levels of dissolved CO₂ can change the behaviors of fishes in ways that reduce individual fitness, however the interacting effects of these variables are unknown. We used a fully factorial experiment to test the independent and interactive effects of temperature (3 levels: 28.5, 30, and 31.5 °C) and pCO₂ (3 levels: averaging 420, 530, and 960 μatm) on food consumption and activity level of juvenile anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus (Bleeker 1852). Experimental levels were consistent with current-day ocean conditions and predictions for mid-century and late-century based on atmospheric CO₂ projections. Sibling fish were reared for 21 days from the end of their larval phase in each of the nine treatments, at which time behavioral observations were conducted. Food consumption and foraging activity decreased at the highest temperature. In isolation, CO₂ level did not significantly affect behavior; however, there was an interaction with temperature. While rearing at high temperature (31.5 °C) and control (420 μatm) or moderate (530 μatm) CO₂ resulted in a reduction of food consumption and foraging activity, rearing at high temperature and high CO₂ (960 μatm) resulted in an elevation in these behaviors. Maintaining food consumption and foraging activity in high temperature and CO₂ conditions may reduce energy efficiency if the thermal optimum for food assimilation and growth has been exceeded. Maintaining foraging effort might increase predation vulnerability. These results suggest that changes in foraging behaviors caused by the interactive effects of increased SST and CO₂ could have significant effects on the growth and survival of juvenile reef fishes by late century. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nowicki, Jessica P. Miller, Gabrielle M. Munday, Philip L. |
spellingShingle |
Nowicki, Jessica P. Miller, Gabrielle M. Munday, Philip L. Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish |
author_facet |
Nowicki, Jessica P. Miller, Gabrielle M. Munday, Philip L. |
author_sort |
Nowicki, Jessica P. |
title |
Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish |
title_short |
Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish |
title_full |
Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish |
title_fullStr |
Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish |
title_sort |
interactive effects of elevated temperature and co2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24671/1/Interactive_effects_of_elevated_temperature_and_co2_on_foraging_behavior_of_juvenile_coral_reef_fish.pdf |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.10.020 https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24671/ https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24671/1/Interactive_effects_of_elevated_temperature_and_co2_on_foraging_behavior_of_juvenile_coral_reef_fish.pdf Nowicki, Jessica P., Miller, Gabrielle M., and Munday, Philip L. (2012) Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on foraging behavior of juvenile coral reef fish. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 412. pp. 46-51. |
op_rights |
restricted |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.10.020 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |
container_volume |
412 |
container_start_page |
46 |
op_container_end_page |
51 |
_version_ |
1790606212380753920 |