DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION IN NORTHERN FOREST DEER - ARE THERE UNIFYING CONCEPTS?
I summarize studies of natal dispersal and seasonal migrations in 5 species of forest deer: moose (Alces alces), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (O. hemionus), and black-tailed deer (O. h. columbianus). Six main features of behavior characterize...
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Lakehead University
2001
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ftjalces:oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/591 2023-05-15T13:13:24+02:00 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION IN NORTHERN FOREST DEER - ARE THERE UNIFYING CONCEPTS? Hjeljord, Olav 2001-01-01 application/pdf http://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/591 eng eng Lakehead University http://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/591/673 http://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/591 Alces: A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Management of Moose; Vol. 37 No. 2 (2001): Alces Vol. 37 No. 2 (2001); 353-370 2293-6629 0835-5851 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article 2001 ftjalces 2022-02-12T19:35:49Z I summarize studies of natal dispersal and seasonal migrations in 5 species of forest deer: moose (Alces alces), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (O. hemionus), and black-tailed deer (O. h. columbianus). Six main features of behavior characterize dispersal in these species: season of dispersal; biased or equal dispersal by the sexes; dispersal in relation to animal density; dispersal in the presence of adult aggression; pre-dispersal excursions; and dispersal distance. These traits are highly variable among and within species and also vary in their proximate causation: mate and resource competition; avoidance of inbreeding, and founder effect. Seasonal migrations are common to all 5 species. These movements are the result of many generations of summer dispersal, and a return to a traditional winter range. Although dispersal appears flexible in relation to different environmental conditions, seasonal migration is a more rigid system of behavior across species. Snow is a key triggering factor and determines occurrence and extent of migration. Snow depth and weather, not plant phenology, appear to determine onset of migration in spring and autumn. Also, the strong tradition in use of seasonal ranges are shared by the species. Summer range located at higher elevation than the winter range is typical of northern cervids in alpine landscapes. Nevertheless, more research is needed to understand relationships among altitude, range quality, and migration patterns of northern deer. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Alces (A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Management of Moose) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Alces (A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Management of Moose) |
op_collection_id |
ftjalces |
language |
English |
description |
I summarize studies of natal dispersal and seasonal migrations in 5 species of forest deer: moose (Alces alces), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (O. hemionus), and black-tailed deer (O. h. columbianus). Six main features of behavior characterize dispersal in these species: season of dispersal; biased or equal dispersal by the sexes; dispersal in relation to animal density; dispersal in the presence of adult aggression; pre-dispersal excursions; and dispersal distance. These traits are highly variable among and within species and also vary in their proximate causation: mate and resource competition; avoidance of inbreeding, and founder effect. Seasonal migrations are common to all 5 species. These movements are the result of many generations of summer dispersal, and a return to a traditional winter range. Although dispersal appears flexible in relation to different environmental conditions, seasonal migration is a more rigid system of behavior across species. Snow is a key triggering factor and determines occurrence and extent of migration. Snow depth and weather, not plant phenology, appear to determine onset of migration in spring and autumn. Also, the strong tradition in use of seasonal ranges are shared by the species. Summer range located at higher elevation than the winter range is typical of northern cervids in alpine landscapes. Nevertheless, more research is needed to understand relationships among altitude, range quality, and migration patterns of northern deer. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hjeljord, Olav |
spellingShingle |
Hjeljord, Olav DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION IN NORTHERN FOREST DEER - ARE THERE UNIFYING CONCEPTS? |
author_facet |
Hjeljord, Olav |
author_sort |
Hjeljord, Olav |
title |
DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION IN NORTHERN FOREST DEER - ARE THERE UNIFYING CONCEPTS? |
title_short |
DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION IN NORTHERN FOREST DEER - ARE THERE UNIFYING CONCEPTS? |
title_full |
DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION IN NORTHERN FOREST DEER - ARE THERE UNIFYING CONCEPTS? |
title_fullStr |
DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION IN NORTHERN FOREST DEER - ARE THERE UNIFYING CONCEPTS? |
title_full_unstemmed |
DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION IN NORTHERN FOREST DEER - ARE THERE UNIFYING CONCEPTS? |
title_sort |
dispersal and migration in northern forest deer - are there unifying concepts? |
publisher |
Lakehead University |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/591 |
genre |
Alces alces |
genre_facet |
Alces alces |
op_source |
Alces: A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Management of Moose; Vol. 37 No. 2 (2001): Alces Vol. 37 No. 2 (2001); 353-370 2293-6629 0835-5851 |
op_relation |
http://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/591/673 http://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/591 |
_version_ |
1766258142278057984 |