The peopling of the Americas: a complex issue for Amerindian, Na-Dene, Aleut and Eskimo first inhabitants
Aim: To compare the Amerindians HLA allele frequencies with those of other First American Natives and also those of other worldwide populations in order to clarify the still unclear peopling of the Americas and the origins of Amerindians. Subjects and methods: All possible HLA data already obtained...
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Tunisian Association of Antrhopology
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ftjafricanj:oai:ojs.ajol.info:article/60335 2023-05-15T13:14:31+02:00 The peopling of the Americas: a complex issue for Amerindian, Na-Dene, Aleut and Eskimo first inhabitants A Arnaiz-Villena C Areces P Gomez-Prieto C Parga-Lozano E Moreno S Abd-El-Fatah-Kalil D Rey 2010-09-30 application/pdf http://ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/60335 en eng Tunisian Association of Antrhopology http://ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/60335 Copyright belongs to the Tunisian Association of Anthropology International Journal of Modern Anthropology; Vol 3 (2010); 65-79 Aleuts Amerindians Athabaskans Eskimo HLA peopling of America Peer-reviewed Article 2010 ftjafricanj 2010-10-02T23:30:37Z Aim: To compare the Amerindians HLA allele frequencies with those of other First American Natives and also those of other worldwide populations in order to clarify the still unclear peopling of the Americas and the origins of Amerindians. Subjects and methods: All possible HLA data already obtained about early Native American populations are used. Genetic distances and N-J dendrogram method are applied. Results and conclusions: Results and discussion have given to the following conclusions: 1) Pacific Ocean boat trips may have contributed to the HLA genetic American profile (or vice versa); 2) North West Canadian Athabaskans have had gene flow with close neighboring populations, Amerindians, Pacific Islanders including East Australians, and Siberians; 3) Amerindians entrance to America may have been different to that of Athabaskans, Aleuts and Eskimos; Amerindians may have been in their lands long before Athabaskans and Eskimos because they present and altogether different set of HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies; 4) Amerindians show very few ―particular‖ single-locus alleles, but have unique extended haplotypes; 5) Our results do not support the three-wave model of American peopling, but another model where the Pacific Coast is also an entrance point. Reverse migration (America to Asia) is not discarded and different movements of people in either direction in different times are supported by the Athabaskan population admixture with Asian-Pacific population and with Amerindians. Key words: Aleuts, Amerindians, Athabaskans, Eskimo, HLA, peopling of America. Article in Journal/Newspaper aleut eskimo* AJOL - African Journals Online Pacific Entrance Point ENVELOPE(-60.552,-60.552,-62.998,-62.998) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
AJOL - African Journals Online |
op_collection_id |
ftjafricanj |
language |
English |
topic |
Aleuts Amerindians Athabaskans Eskimo HLA peopling of America |
spellingShingle |
Aleuts Amerindians Athabaskans Eskimo HLA peopling of America A Arnaiz-Villena C Areces P Gomez-Prieto C Parga-Lozano E Moreno S Abd-El-Fatah-Kalil D Rey The peopling of the Americas: a complex issue for Amerindian, Na-Dene, Aleut and Eskimo first inhabitants |
topic_facet |
Aleuts Amerindians Athabaskans Eskimo HLA peopling of America |
description |
Aim: To compare the Amerindians HLA allele frequencies with those of other First American Natives and also those of other worldwide populations in order to clarify the still unclear peopling of the Americas and the origins of Amerindians. Subjects and methods: All possible HLA data already obtained about early Native American populations are used. Genetic distances and N-J dendrogram method are applied. Results and conclusions: Results and discussion have given to the following conclusions: 1) Pacific Ocean boat trips may have contributed to the HLA genetic American profile (or vice versa); 2) North West Canadian Athabaskans have had gene flow with close neighboring populations, Amerindians, Pacific Islanders including East Australians, and Siberians; 3) Amerindians entrance to America may have been different to that of Athabaskans, Aleuts and Eskimos; Amerindians may have been in their lands long before Athabaskans and Eskimos because they present and altogether different set of HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies; 4) Amerindians show very few ―particular‖ single-locus alleles, but have unique extended haplotypes; 5) Our results do not support the three-wave model of American peopling, but another model where the Pacific Coast is also an entrance point. Reverse migration (America to Asia) is not discarded and different movements of people in either direction in different times are supported by the Athabaskan population admixture with Asian-Pacific population and with Amerindians. Key words: Aleuts, Amerindians, Athabaskans, Eskimo, HLA, peopling of America. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A Arnaiz-Villena C Areces P Gomez-Prieto C Parga-Lozano E Moreno S Abd-El-Fatah-Kalil D Rey |
author_facet |
A Arnaiz-Villena C Areces P Gomez-Prieto C Parga-Lozano E Moreno S Abd-El-Fatah-Kalil D Rey |
author_sort |
A Arnaiz-Villena |
title |
The peopling of the Americas: a complex issue for Amerindian, Na-Dene, Aleut and Eskimo first inhabitants |
title_short |
The peopling of the Americas: a complex issue for Amerindian, Na-Dene, Aleut and Eskimo first inhabitants |
title_full |
The peopling of the Americas: a complex issue for Amerindian, Na-Dene, Aleut and Eskimo first inhabitants |
title_fullStr |
The peopling of the Americas: a complex issue for Amerindian, Na-Dene, Aleut and Eskimo first inhabitants |
title_full_unstemmed |
The peopling of the Americas: a complex issue for Amerindian, Na-Dene, Aleut and Eskimo first inhabitants |
title_sort |
peopling of the americas: a complex issue for amerindian, na-dene, aleut and eskimo first inhabitants |
publisher |
Tunisian Association of Antrhopology |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/60335 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-60.552,-60.552,-62.998,-62.998) |
geographic |
Pacific Entrance Point |
geographic_facet |
Pacific Entrance Point |
genre |
aleut eskimo* |
genre_facet |
aleut eskimo* |
op_source |
International Journal of Modern Anthropology; Vol 3 (2010); 65-79 |
op_relation |
http://ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/60335 |
op_rights |
Copyright belongs to the Tunisian Association of Anthropology |
_version_ |
1766264004885348352 |