Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes
Americas peopling has recently been explained based only on genetic data. While different First America inhabitants’ ethnic groups, Amerindians, Na-Dene speakers, Aleuts and Eskimo there exist, there is no either genetic, cultural or anthropological homogeneity within these groups. In the present wo...
Published in: | International Journal of Modern Anthropology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Tunisian Association of Antrhopology
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/111157 https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i7.2 |
id |
ftjafricanj:oai:ojs.ajol.info:article/111157 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftjafricanj:oai:ojs.ajol.info:article/111157 2023-05-15T16:07:31+02:00 Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes Arnaiz-Villena, A Areces, C Enríquez-de-Salamanca, M Abd-El-Fatah-Khalil, S Marco, J Muñiz, E Fernández-Honrado, M Villa, MM Rey, D 2015-01-09 application/pdf http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/111157 https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i7.2 eng eng Tunisian Association of Antrhopology http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/111157/100924 http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/111157 doi:10.4314/ijma.v1i7.2 Copyright belongs to the Tunisian Association of Anthropology International Journal of Modern Anthropology; Vol 1, No 7 (2014); 44 - 67 1737-8176 1737-7374 Alberite Dolmen Aleuts America peopling Amerindians Australia Easter Island HLA Lapps Melanesia Micronesia Pacific Polynesia Tiwanaku info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article 2015 ftjafricanj https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i7.2 2015-10-18T00:05:24Z Americas peopling has recently been explained based only on genetic data. While different First America inhabitants’ ethnic groups, Amerindians, Na-Dene speakers, Aleuts and Eskimo there exist, there is no either genetic, cultural or anthropological homogeneity within these groups. In the present work, we have particularly addressed the relatedness of First America Inhabitants with Pacific Islanders by using autosomal genetic markers: the HLA alleles. HLA is the most polymorphic human genetic system accounting for 9,438 alleles; this is most useful for comparing populations relatedness. Ethnic groups of Pacific Islanders and First America Inhabitants have been used. A genealogic study and also a frequency comparison study by using HLA alleles and haplotypes have been carried out. Our conclusions are: 1- Aleuts seem to be a genetic and linguistic separate group which may be related to northern European Lapps, both of them originated in southern Siberia Baikal Lake area. 2- First America Inhabitants, including all analyzed Amerindians, Na-Dene speakers and Eskimo have had genetic flow with Pacific Islanders: the latter share autosomal HLA alleles and haplotypes with First America Inhabitants. This could have been bidirectional. 3- Particularly, Easter Islanders show a probable cultural and genetic exchange with Titikaka Lake Aymaras. This civilisation also shares significant traits with European Iberian megalithic builders. 4- Mesoamericans may be grouped together because of they bear more ancient Olmec culture traits and present paper HLA results. 5- Genetics is not able by itself to uncover in space and time Americas peopling and First America Inhabitants relatedness with Pacific Islanders.Keywords: Alberite Dolmen, Aleuts, America peopling, Amerindians, Australia, Easter Island, HLA, Lapps, Melanesia, Micronesia, Pacific, Polynesia, Tiwanaku Article in Journal/Newspaper eskimo* Siberia AJOL - African Journals Online Pacific International Journal of Modern Anthropology 1 7 44 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
AJOL - African Journals Online |
op_collection_id |
ftjafricanj |
language |
English |
topic |
Alberite Dolmen Aleuts America peopling Amerindians Australia Easter Island HLA Lapps Melanesia Micronesia Pacific Polynesia Tiwanaku |
spellingShingle |
Alberite Dolmen Aleuts America peopling Amerindians Australia Easter Island HLA Lapps Melanesia Micronesia Pacific Polynesia Tiwanaku Arnaiz-Villena, A Areces, C Enríquez-de-Salamanca, M Abd-El-Fatah-Khalil, S Marco, J Muñiz, E Fernández-Honrado, M Villa, MM Rey, D Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes |
topic_facet |
Alberite Dolmen Aleuts America peopling Amerindians Australia Easter Island HLA Lapps Melanesia Micronesia Pacific Polynesia Tiwanaku |
description |
Americas peopling has recently been explained based only on genetic data. While different First America inhabitants’ ethnic groups, Amerindians, Na-Dene speakers, Aleuts and Eskimo there exist, there is no either genetic, cultural or anthropological homogeneity within these groups. In the present work, we have particularly addressed the relatedness of First America Inhabitants with Pacific Islanders by using autosomal genetic markers: the HLA alleles. HLA is the most polymorphic human genetic system accounting for 9,438 alleles; this is most useful for comparing populations relatedness. Ethnic groups of Pacific Islanders and First America Inhabitants have been used. A genealogic study and also a frequency comparison study by using HLA alleles and haplotypes have been carried out. Our conclusions are: 1- Aleuts seem to be a genetic and linguistic separate group which may be related to northern European Lapps, both of them originated in southern Siberia Baikal Lake area. 2- First America Inhabitants, including all analyzed Amerindians, Na-Dene speakers and Eskimo have had genetic flow with Pacific Islanders: the latter share autosomal HLA alleles and haplotypes with First America Inhabitants. This could have been bidirectional. 3- Particularly, Easter Islanders show a probable cultural and genetic exchange with Titikaka Lake Aymaras. This civilisation also shares significant traits with European Iberian megalithic builders. 4- Mesoamericans may be grouped together because of they bear more ancient Olmec culture traits and present paper HLA results. 5- Genetics is not able by itself to uncover in space and time Americas peopling and First America Inhabitants relatedness with Pacific Islanders.Keywords: Alberite Dolmen, Aleuts, America peopling, Amerindians, Australia, Easter Island, HLA, Lapps, Melanesia, Micronesia, Pacific, Polynesia, Tiwanaku |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Arnaiz-Villena, A Areces, C Enríquez-de-Salamanca, M Abd-El-Fatah-Khalil, S Marco, J Muñiz, E Fernández-Honrado, M Villa, MM Rey, D |
author_facet |
Arnaiz-Villena, A Areces, C Enríquez-de-Salamanca, M Abd-El-Fatah-Khalil, S Marco, J Muñiz, E Fernández-Honrado, M Villa, MM Rey, D |
author_sort |
Arnaiz-Villena, A |
title |
Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes |
title_short |
Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes |
title_full |
Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes |
title_fullStr |
Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pacific Islanders and Amerindian relatedness according to HLA autosomal genes |
title_sort |
pacific islanders and amerindian relatedness according to hla autosomal genes |
publisher |
Tunisian Association of Antrhopology |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/111157 https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i7.2 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
eskimo* Siberia |
genre_facet |
eskimo* Siberia |
op_source |
International Journal of Modern Anthropology; Vol 1, No 7 (2014); 44 - 67 1737-8176 1737-7374 |
op_relation |
http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/111157/100924 http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma/article/view/111157 doi:10.4314/ijma.v1i7.2 |
op_rights |
Copyright belongs to the Tunisian Association of Anthropology |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i7.2 |
container_title |
International Journal of Modern Anthropology |
container_volume |
1 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
44 |
_version_ |
1766403629460226048 |