Spatial hydrochemical structure in surface waters of the Southern ocean between Africa and Antarctica

• Published in: Arctic and Antarctic Research
• Main Authors: K. V. Artamonova, I. A. Gangnus, L. A. Dukhova, V. V. Maslennikov, N. A. Lavinen, К. В. Артамонова, И. А. Гангнус, Л. А. Духова, В. В. Масленников, Н. А. Лавинен
• Other Authors: Авторы выражают благодарность коллегам, участвовавшим в научных исследованиях в составе 53–65-й РАЭ, за помощь в получении и обработке гидрохимических данных.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Russian
• Published: Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт 2021
• Subjects: Южный океан; Atlantic sector; dissolved oxygen; Indian sector; nitrate; nutrients; phosphate; seasonal and interannual variability; silicate; surface waters; temperature; the Southern Ocean; биогенные элементы; гидрохимическая структура; индоокеанский сектор; поверхностные воды; растворенный кислород; сезонная и межгодовая изменчивость; температура воды; Antarctic; Indian; Southern Ocean; The Antarctic; Weddell; Южный Океан; Antarc*; Antarctic Science; Antarctica; Arctic; Polar Research
• Online Access: https://www.aaresearch.science/jour/article/view/401; https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-4-328-347

Some hydrochemical characteristics and, first of all, the main nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon) can be used as markers for distinguishing different types of water masses and positions of the main fronts of the Southern Ocean. The seasonal and interannual variability of these characteristics also reflects the character of biological processes in the surface layer of the ocean, which is important for assessing biological productivity. The aim of this study was to analyze the main features of the spatial distribution of hydrochemical characteristics in the surface layer in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean between the Subantarctic Front and the shores of Antarctica and assess their seasonal (spring–autumn) and interannual variability for the observation period from 2008 to 2020. We describe the surface nutrient concentrations between Africa and Antarctica along the transects that cross the Subantarctic Front (SAF) in the north, the Polar Frontal Zone (PFS), Polar Front (PF) and Antarctic Zone water in the south. The findings revealed an increase in dissolved oxygen and nutrients towards the south. Nitrates changed values within the SAF from 15 μM to 24 μM, whereas values from 1.2 μM to 1.7 μM were observed for phosphates. Silicate increased considerably within the Polar Front, from 6.6 μM to 20.8 μM. An analysis was carried out of the seasonal and interannual variability of the hydrochemical conditions in the surface layer of the Southern Ocean. The interannual variability of the nutrients was determined by the spatial variability of the main fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the intensity of the largescale Weddell Gyre (WG). Since 2017, there has been an increase in the meridional transfer of waters: in the Antarctic Summer 2017–2018, there was a spreading of high-nutrient WG waters toward the north, and in the Summer 2019–2020, the low-nutrient waters anomaly was transferred far to the south (up to 60°S).According to the data obtained, the seasonal dynamics ...