Management of Free-Roaming Horses
The modern horse (Equus caballus) evolved in North America about four million years ago, dispersing into Eurasia approximately two to three million years ago. Following this emigration, several extinctions occurred in North America, as did additional migrations to Asia and return migrations to North...
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ftiowastateuniv:oai:lib.dr.iastate.edu:nrem_pubs-1284 2023-05-15T17:36:35+02:00 Management of Free-Roaming Horses Nuñez, Cassandra M.V. Scorolli, Alberto Lagos, Laura Berman, David Kane, Albert J. 2016-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/280 https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1284&context=nrem_pubs en eng Iowa State University Digital Repository https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/280 https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1284&context=nrem_pubs Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Natural Resource Ecology and Management Publications Natural Resources and Conservation Natural Resources Management and Policy Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology text 2016 ftiowastateuniv 2021-08-28T22:46:50Z The modern horse (Equus caballus) evolved in North America about four million years ago, dispersing into Eurasia approximately two to three million years ago. Following this emigration, several extinctions occurred in North America, as did additional migrations to Asia and return migrations to North America (see chap. 8). The final North American extinction occurred between 13,000 and 11,000 years ago (Hunt 1992). Eurasian populations persisted, and humans began domestication ~6,000-5 ,500 years ago (Outram et al. 2009) on the western Eurasian Steppe (Warmuth et al. 2012) and perhaps on the Iberian Peninsula (Warmuth et al. 2011; Achilli et al. 2012). Today, European free-roaming horse populations can be grouped into three classes: (1) traditional popu· lations, (2) true feral populations, and (3) introduced populations (for the purposes of conservation management). We consider traditional popu· lations to be free-roaming, long-established horses that are harvested by local people (United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal). Atlantic ponies from the North Iberian Peninsula and the North Atlantic Islands make up a large proportion of these animals; some consider them remnants of wild horses living in the region since the Pleistocene (Barcena 2012). Feral populations are domestic animals that were abandoned by local farmers and today live largely unmanaged (Romania, Russia), and introduced populations are used as components of various habitat restoration proj· ects across Europe (Latvia, the Netherlands) (Rewilding Europe 2012). In North America, horses reintroduced in 1493 spread across the plains after escape or release, forming feral herds throughout the United States and Canada (see chap. 8). In South America, horses introduced by the Spanish and Portuguese during the sixteenth century spread north into the Pampas, Patagonia, and the mountainous Andean regions. And in Australia, horses introduced by European settlers in 1787 spread into the hills around Sydney and into the north, west, and south as pastoral settlement spread across the continent (see chap. 8). In more recent history, the extirpation of their natural predators has led to even further feral horse expansion, resulting in increased human conflict as feral horses more heavily affected livestock, industry, and native wildlife. Text North Atlantic Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Canada Patagonia |
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Open Polar |
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Digital Repository @ Iowa State University |
op_collection_id |
ftiowastateuniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Natural Resources and Conservation Natural Resources Management and Policy Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology |
spellingShingle |
Natural Resources and Conservation Natural Resources Management and Policy Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Nuñez, Cassandra M.V. Scorolli, Alberto Lagos, Laura Berman, David Kane, Albert J. Management of Free-Roaming Horses |
topic_facet |
Natural Resources and Conservation Natural Resources Management and Policy Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology |
description |
The modern horse (Equus caballus) evolved in North America about four million years ago, dispersing into Eurasia approximately two to three million years ago. Following this emigration, several extinctions occurred in North America, as did additional migrations to Asia and return migrations to North America (see chap. 8). The final North American extinction occurred between 13,000 and 11,000 years ago (Hunt 1992). Eurasian populations persisted, and humans began domestication ~6,000-5 ,500 years ago (Outram et al. 2009) on the western Eurasian Steppe (Warmuth et al. 2012) and perhaps on the Iberian Peninsula (Warmuth et al. 2011; Achilli et al. 2012). Today, European free-roaming horse populations can be grouped into three classes: (1) traditional popu· lations, (2) true feral populations, and (3) introduced populations (for the purposes of conservation management). We consider traditional popu· lations to be free-roaming, long-established horses that are harvested by local people (United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal). Atlantic ponies from the North Iberian Peninsula and the North Atlantic Islands make up a large proportion of these animals; some consider them remnants of wild horses living in the region since the Pleistocene (Barcena 2012). Feral populations are domestic animals that were abandoned by local farmers and today live largely unmanaged (Romania, Russia), and introduced populations are used as components of various habitat restoration proj· ects across Europe (Latvia, the Netherlands) (Rewilding Europe 2012). In North America, horses reintroduced in 1493 spread across the plains after escape or release, forming feral herds throughout the United States and Canada (see chap. 8). In South America, horses introduced by the Spanish and Portuguese during the sixteenth century spread north into the Pampas, Patagonia, and the mountainous Andean regions. And in Australia, horses introduced by European settlers in 1787 spread into the hills around Sydney and into the north, west, and south as pastoral settlement spread across the continent (see chap. 8). In more recent history, the extirpation of their natural predators has led to even further feral horse expansion, resulting in increased human conflict as feral horses more heavily affected livestock, industry, and native wildlife. |
format |
Text |
author |
Nuñez, Cassandra M.V. Scorolli, Alberto Lagos, Laura Berman, David Kane, Albert J. |
author_facet |
Nuñez, Cassandra M.V. Scorolli, Alberto Lagos, Laura Berman, David Kane, Albert J. |
author_sort |
Nuñez, Cassandra M.V. |
title |
Management of Free-Roaming Horses |
title_short |
Management of Free-Roaming Horses |
title_full |
Management of Free-Roaming Horses |
title_fullStr |
Management of Free-Roaming Horses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Management of Free-Roaming Horses |
title_sort |
management of free-roaming horses |
publisher |
Iowa State University Digital Repository |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/280 https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1284&context=nrem_pubs |
geographic |
Canada Patagonia |
geographic_facet |
Canada Patagonia |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Natural Resource Ecology and Management Publications |
op_relation |
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/280 https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1284&context=nrem_pubs |
op_rights |
Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. |
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