Spatial Analysis of Northern Goshawk Territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota
The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is the largest of the three North American species of Accipiter and is more closely associated with older forests than are the other species. Its reliance on older forests has resulted in concerns about its status, extensive research into its habitat relatio...
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ftiowastateuniv:oai:lib.dr.iastate.edu:nrem_pubs-1210 2023-05-15T13:00:29+02:00 Spatial Analysis of Northern Goshawk Territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota Klaver, Robert W. Backlund, Douglas Bartelt, Paul E. Erickson, Michael G. Knowles, Craig J. Knowles, Pamela R. Wimberly, Michael C. 2012-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/218 https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1210&context=nrem_pubs en eng Iowa State University Digital Repository https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/218 https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1210&context=nrem_pubs Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Natural Resource Ecology and Management Publications Accipiter gentilis Black Hills South Dakota forest management Northern Goshawk Ripley’s K function spatial statistics Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Natural Resources Management and Policy Ornithology Statistics and Probability text 2012 ftiowastateuniv 2021-08-28T22:47:35Z The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is the largest of the three North American species of Accipiter and is more closely associated with older forests than are the other species. Its reliance on older forests has resulted in concerns about its status, extensive research into its habitat relationships, and litigation. Our objective was to model the spatial patterns of goshawk territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota, to make inferences about the underlying processes. We used a modification of Ripley's K function that accounts for inhomogeneous intensity to determine whether territoriality or habitat determined the spacing of goshawks in the Black Hills, finding that habitat conditions rather than territoriality were the determining factor. A spatial model incorporating basal area of trees in a stand of forest, canopy cover, age of trees >23 cm in diameter, number of trees per hectare, and geographic coordinates provided good fit to the spatial patterns of territories. There was no indication of repulsion at close distances that would imply spacing was determined by territoriality. These findings contrast with those for the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, where territoriality is an important limiting factor. Forest stands where the goshawk nested historically are now younger and have trees of smaller diameter, probably having been modified by logging, fire, and insects. These results have important implications for the goshawk's ecology in the Black Hills with respect to mortality, competition, forest fragmentation, and nest-territory protection. Text Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Black Hills ENVELOPE(-138.838,-138.838,63.466,63.466) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Digital Repository @ Iowa State University |
op_collection_id |
ftiowastateuniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Accipiter gentilis Black Hills South Dakota forest management Northern Goshawk Ripley’s K function spatial statistics Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Natural Resources Management and Policy Ornithology Statistics and Probability |
spellingShingle |
Accipiter gentilis Black Hills South Dakota forest management Northern Goshawk Ripley’s K function spatial statistics Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Natural Resources Management and Policy Ornithology Statistics and Probability Klaver, Robert W. Backlund, Douglas Bartelt, Paul E. Erickson, Michael G. Knowles, Craig J. Knowles, Pamela R. Wimberly, Michael C. Spatial Analysis of Northern Goshawk Territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota |
topic_facet |
Accipiter gentilis Black Hills South Dakota forest management Northern Goshawk Ripley’s K function spatial statistics Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Natural Resources Management and Policy Ornithology Statistics and Probability |
description |
The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is the largest of the three North American species of Accipiter and is more closely associated with older forests than are the other species. Its reliance on older forests has resulted in concerns about its status, extensive research into its habitat relationships, and litigation. Our objective was to model the spatial patterns of goshawk territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota, to make inferences about the underlying processes. We used a modification of Ripley's K function that accounts for inhomogeneous intensity to determine whether territoriality or habitat determined the spacing of goshawks in the Black Hills, finding that habitat conditions rather than territoriality were the determining factor. A spatial model incorporating basal area of trees in a stand of forest, canopy cover, age of trees >23 cm in diameter, number of trees per hectare, and geographic coordinates provided good fit to the spatial patterns of territories. There was no indication of repulsion at close distances that would imply spacing was determined by territoriality. These findings contrast with those for the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, where territoriality is an important limiting factor. Forest stands where the goshawk nested historically are now younger and have trees of smaller diameter, probably having been modified by logging, fire, and insects. These results have important implications for the goshawk's ecology in the Black Hills with respect to mortality, competition, forest fragmentation, and nest-territory protection. |
format |
Text |
author |
Klaver, Robert W. Backlund, Douglas Bartelt, Paul E. Erickson, Michael G. Knowles, Craig J. Knowles, Pamela R. Wimberly, Michael C. |
author_facet |
Klaver, Robert W. Backlund, Douglas Bartelt, Paul E. Erickson, Michael G. Knowles, Craig J. Knowles, Pamela R. Wimberly, Michael C. |
author_sort |
Klaver, Robert W. |
title |
Spatial Analysis of Northern Goshawk Territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota |
title_short |
Spatial Analysis of Northern Goshawk Territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota |
title_full |
Spatial Analysis of Northern Goshawk Territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota |
title_fullStr |
Spatial Analysis of Northern Goshawk Territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial Analysis of Northern Goshawk Territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota |
title_sort |
spatial analysis of northern goshawk territories in the black hills, south dakota |
publisher |
Iowa State University Digital Repository |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/218 https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1210&context=nrem_pubs |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-138.838,-138.838,63.466,63.466) |
geographic |
Black Hills |
geographic_facet |
Black Hills |
genre |
Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk |
genre_facet |
Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk |
op_source |
Natural Resource Ecology and Management Publications |
op_relation |
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/218 https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1210&context=nrem_pubs |
op_rights |
Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. |
_version_ |
1766251772135866368 |