Influence of alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the diversity and adaptation of associated microbial communities
The subsurface is considered as the largest habitat on Earth hosting the majority of microbial biomass and species diversity. The oceanic crust constitutes the largest aquifer of our planet where water-rocks reactions provide sources of aiotic carbon and energy from which deep microbial communities...
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ftinsu:oai:HAL:tel-03259020v1 2023-05-15T16:52:43+02:00 Influence of alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the diversity and adaptation of associated microbial communities Influence de l’altération des roches mafiques et ultramafiques sur la diversité et l’adaptation des communautés microbiennes associées Lecoeuvre, Aurélien Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) Université Paris Cité Bénédicte Ménez Emmanuelle Gérard 2020-06-02 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020/file/LECOEUVRE_Aurelien_vd2.pdf fr fre HAL CCSD NNT: 2020UNIP7066 tel-03259020 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020/file/LECOEUVRE_Aurelien_vd2.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020 Sciences de la Terre. Université Paris Cité, 2020. Français. ⟨NNT : 2020UNIP7066⟩ Deep biosphere Oceanic crust Serpentinization Basalt alteration Abiotic carbon compounds Metagenomics Biosphère profonde Croûte océanique Serpentinisation Altération des basaltes Carbone organique abiotique Métagénomiques [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2020 ftinsu 2022-12-07T17:25:29Z The subsurface is considered as the largest habitat on Earth hosting the majority of microbial biomass and species diversity. The oceanic crust constitutes the largest aquifer of our planet where water-rocks reactions provide sources of aiotic carbon and energy from which deep microbial communities may flourish in the absence of light. In the framework of this thesis, we focused on two major subsurface hydrothermal processes, namely the aqueous alteration of crystalline basalts and the serpentinisation of peridotites, with the aim to study the influence of rock alteration on the associated microbial communities’ ecology. To this aim, microbial communities diversity and their metabolic potential were characterized for (i) the recently discovered serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal field, namely the Old City hydrothermal field (OCHF), located on the eastern region of the ultraslow southwest Indian ridge (SWIR) and (ii) a basaltic aquifer influenced by anthropogenic gas injections at Hellisheiði, Iceland. Metagenomic approaches revealed that microbial diversity and metabolisms at OCHF depend on the relative influences of serpentinization-derived fluids and seawater. Moreover, our results suggested strong heterogeneities within and between hydrothermal vents, likely due to diffuse hydrothermal fluid venting. In these vents, the microbial niches are potentially partitioned at the microscale according to the relative contribution of serpentinization derived hydrothermal fluids and seawater, hence providing different pools of nutrients. A major outcome of this thesis is that putatively serpentinization influenced microbial phylotypes at OCHF are closely related to microorganisms from ophiolitic serpentinite-hosted ecosystems rather than to its unique oceanic analog, namely the Lost City hydrothermal field (LCHF). Considering that the OCHF is located in the most amagmatic region of the SWIR whereas gabbros are widespread below the LCHF, we postulated that magmatic intrusions impacting both the protolith mineralogy and ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Iceland Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU Indian |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU |
op_collection_id |
ftinsu |
language |
French |
topic |
Deep biosphere Oceanic crust Serpentinization Basalt alteration Abiotic carbon compounds Metagenomics Biosphère profonde Croûte océanique Serpentinisation Altération des basaltes Carbone organique abiotique Métagénomiques [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Deep biosphere Oceanic crust Serpentinization Basalt alteration Abiotic carbon compounds Metagenomics Biosphère profonde Croûte océanique Serpentinisation Altération des basaltes Carbone organique abiotique Métagénomiques [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences Lecoeuvre, Aurélien Influence of alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the diversity and adaptation of associated microbial communities |
topic_facet |
Deep biosphere Oceanic crust Serpentinization Basalt alteration Abiotic carbon compounds Metagenomics Biosphère profonde Croûte océanique Serpentinisation Altération des basaltes Carbone organique abiotique Métagénomiques [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences |
description |
The subsurface is considered as the largest habitat on Earth hosting the majority of microbial biomass and species diversity. The oceanic crust constitutes the largest aquifer of our planet where water-rocks reactions provide sources of aiotic carbon and energy from which deep microbial communities may flourish in the absence of light. In the framework of this thesis, we focused on two major subsurface hydrothermal processes, namely the aqueous alteration of crystalline basalts and the serpentinisation of peridotites, with the aim to study the influence of rock alteration on the associated microbial communities’ ecology. To this aim, microbial communities diversity and their metabolic potential were characterized for (i) the recently discovered serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal field, namely the Old City hydrothermal field (OCHF), located on the eastern region of the ultraslow southwest Indian ridge (SWIR) and (ii) a basaltic aquifer influenced by anthropogenic gas injections at Hellisheiði, Iceland. Metagenomic approaches revealed that microbial diversity and metabolisms at OCHF depend on the relative influences of serpentinization-derived fluids and seawater. Moreover, our results suggested strong heterogeneities within and between hydrothermal vents, likely due to diffuse hydrothermal fluid venting. In these vents, the microbial niches are potentially partitioned at the microscale according to the relative contribution of serpentinization derived hydrothermal fluids and seawater, hence providing different pools of nutrients. A major outcome of this thesis is that putatively serpentinization influenced microbial phylotypes at OCHF are closely related to microorganisms from ophiolitic serpentinite-hosted ecosystems rather than to its unique oceanic analog, namely the Lost City hydrothermal field (LCHF). Considering that the OCHF is located in the most amagmatic region of the SWIR whereas gabbros are widespread below the LCHF, we postulated that magmatic intrusions impacting both the protolith mineralogy and ... |
author2 |
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) Université Paris Cité Bénédicte Ménez Emmanuelle Gérard |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Lecoeuvre, Aurélien |
author_facet |
Lecoeuvre, Aurélien |
author_sort |
Lecoeuvre, Aurélien |
title |
Influence of alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the diversity and adaptation of associated microbial communities |
title_short |
Influence of alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the diversity and adaptation of associated microbial communities |
title_full |
Influence of alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the diversity and adaptation of associated microbial communities |
title_fullStr |
Influence of alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the diversity and adaptation of associated microbial communities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the diversity and adaptation of associated microbial communities |
title_sort |
influence of alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the diversity and adaptation of associated microbial communities |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020/file/LECOEUVRE_Aurelien_vd2.pdf |
geographic |
Indian |
geographic_facet |
Indian |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020 Sciences de la Terre. Université Paris Cité, 2020. Français. ⟨NNT : 2020UNIP7066⟩ |
op_relation |
NNT: 2020UNIP7066 tel-03259020 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03259020/file/LECOEUVRE_Aurelien_vd2.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1766043090519326720 |