Monitoring of the surface ground temperature in Arctic permafrost areasMonitoring of the surface ground temperature in Arctic permafrost areas using remote sensing satellite data assimilated in the canadian climatic surface scheme model (CLASS)

• Main Author: Marchand, Nicolas
• Other Authors: Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 ), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université de Sherbrooke (Québec, Canada), Gerhard Krinner, Alain Royer
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2017
• Subjects: Permafrost; Active layer; Surface; Arctic; Remote sensing; Thaw; Pergélisol; Couche active; Arctique; Télédétection; Fonte; [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology; Arctique*; Global warming; permafrost; Alaska; pergélisol
• Online Access: https://theses.hal.science/tel-01684250; https://theses.hal.science/tel-01684250/document; https://theses.hal.science/tel-01684250/file/MARCHAND_2017_archivage.pdf

Recent studies showed that global warming in arctic areas, as twice as important in northern high latitudes than in the rest of the world, growed the thickness of the surface active layer in permafrost areas (superficial layer of the soil that thaws during summer period). This surface modification could have a major environmental impact on soil carbon release, hydrology, ecosystems, and permafrost. It already starts to have socio-economical impacts on north community infrastructures. The project's goal is to use a new microwave satellite database that has just been developed for the analysis of surface temperatures and changes in permafrost in Canada, Alaska over the past 30 years. One of the specific goals of the project is to develop a method to characterize changes in the surface active layer in permafrost areas by the assimilation of space observations in a heat flow model in the soil. The evolution of the extension of permafrost areas derived will be analyzed according to the coverage of soil and the dynamics of snow cover, two parameters also derived by satellite. Possibility of model validation by ground measurements with a microwaves radiometers. This project combines theoretical development, modeling and image processing on different scientific fields (physics of remote sensing measurement, Geophysics of the Environment, ecosystems, soil science). Plusieurs études récentes ont montré que le réchauffement climatique des régions nordiques, deux fois plus important dans les hautes latitudes nord qu’ailleurs dans le monde, augmentait l’épaisseur de la couche active de surface en zones de pergélisol (couche superficielle du sol qui dégèle durant la période estivale). Cette modification de surface pourrait avoir un impact environnemental très important sur la libération du carbone du sol, l’hydrologie, les écosystèmes, ainsi que sur le pergélisol. Cette évolution commence déjà à avoir des répercutions socio-économiques importantes sur les infrastructures des communautés du Nord. Le but du projet est ...