Mercury in precipitated and surface snow at Dome C and a first estimate of mercury depositional fluxes during the Austral summer on the high Antarctic plateau

• Published in: Atmospheric Environment
• Main Authors: Cairns, Warren Rl., Turetta, Clara, Maffezzoli, Niccolò, Magand, Olivier, Araujo, Beatriz Ferreira, Angot, Hélène, Segato, Delia, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Sprovieri, Francesca, Scarchilli, Claudio, Grigioni, Paolo, Ciardini, Virginia, Barbante, Carlo, Dommergue, Aurélien, Spolaor, Andrea
• Other Authors: Institute of Polar Sciences Venezia-Mestre (CNR-ISP), National Research Council of Italy, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder (INSTAAR), University of Colorado Boulder, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2021
• Subjects: Snow scavenging factor; Atmospheric conditions; Snow sublimation; High resolution sampling; [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]; Antarc*; Antarctic; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://insu.hal.science/insu-03706450; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118634

International audience The role of deposition fluxes on the mercury cycle at Concordia station, on the high Antarctic plateau have been investigated over the Austral summer between December 2017 to January 2018. Wet/frozen deposition was collected daily from specially sited tables, simultaneously with the collection of surface (0-3 cm) and subsurface (3-6 cm) snow and the analysis of Hg 0 in the ambient air. Over the course of the experiment the atmospheric Hg 0 concentrations ranged from 0.58 ± 0.19 to 1.00 ± 0.33 ng m -3 , surface snow Hg concentrations varied between (0-3 cm) 0.006 ± 0.003 to 0.001 ± 0.001 ng cm -3 and subsurface snow (3-6 cm) concentrations varied between 0.001 ± 0.001 to 0.003 ± 0.002 ng cm -3 . The maximum daily wet deposition flux was found to be 23 ng m -2 d -1 . Despite the low temporal resolution of our measurements combined with their potential errors, the linear regression of the Hg deposition fluxes against the snow accumulation rates allowed us to estimate the mean dry deposition rate from the intercept of the graph as -0.005 +- 0.008 ng m -2 d -1 . From this analysis, we conclude that wet deposition accounts for the vast majority of the Hg deposition fluxes at Concordia Station. The number of snow events, together with the continuous GEM measurements have allowed us to make a first estimation of the mean snow scavenging factor at Dome C. Using the slope of the regression of mercury flux on snow accumulation we obtained a snow scavenging factor that ranges from 0.21 to 0.22 ± 0.02 (ng Hg /g snow )/(ng Hg /m 3 air ). Our data indicate that the boundary layer height and local meteorological effects influence Hg 0 reemission from the top of (0-3 cm) the snowpack into the atmosphere and into the deeper snowpack layer (3-6 cm). These data will help constrain numerical models on the behaviour of mercury in Antarctica.